野生哲罗鱼的采捕及运输技术

两次对采捕的野生哲罗鱼从虎林市虎头镇至宁安市渤安镇进行长途运输。运输时间是9h，运输成活率分别是76％和94．4％。     

Effects of four egg desticking procedures on hatching rate and further survival and growth of larvae in the tench (Tinca tinca L.)

Four desticking procedures for tench eggs (A: tannic acid solution (1 g L⁻¹) for 15 s; B: alcalase enzyme solution (8 mL L⁻¹) for 60 s; C: alcalase enzyme solution (15 mL L⁻¹) for 120 s; D: Woynarovich and Woynarovich (1980) solution for 58 min followed by tannic acid solution (1 g L⁻¹) for 15 s) were tested to obtain data about influence on embryo survival to hatching stage and further survival and growth of the larvae. In the tannic acid and Woynarovich and Woynarovich (1980) treatment (A and D) few eggs stuck together and some were adhered to the incubator walls, whereas in the alcalase treatments (B and C) eggs neither stuck together nor adhered to the incubator walls. Percentages of hatched larvae did not show significant differences (mean values ranged between 47.4% in treatment A to 37.0% in treatment C). Larvae deformities observed were <0.5% in all cases. There were no significant differences among survival and growth rates of the larvae from different egg desticking origin, reaching, after 30 days, mean survival values around 90% and total length and weight of 12.5 mm and 19 mg respectively.     

乙酰甲喹对刺参幼参非特异性免疫、生长及抗应激能力的影响

选用初始体重为0.6 g左右的幼参,水体中分别添加0(对照组)、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0和6.0 mg/L的乙酰甲喹。前69天每两天全部换水后,按照用药浓度泼洒药物一次。停药两周后经长途运输,考察其抗应激能力。实验结果表明:前30 d,各组刺参体壁中SOD酶活性都呈现增高趋势,2.0 mg/L组SOD活性达到最高,之后又呈现降低趋势;随着乙酰甲喹浓度的增加,各实验组刺参体壁中AKP和ACP酶活性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,2.0 mg/L和4.0mg/L组刺参酶活性最高;40 d后各实验组刺参体壁酶活性逐渐与对照组持平。所有实验组刺参的末体重、增重率和特定生长率均显著高于对照组(P0.05),4.0 mg/L组刺参末体重、增重率和特定生长率最高,显著高于其他各组(P0.05);4.0 mg/L组成活率为90.6%,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。高浓度(6.0 mg/L)的乙酰甲喹导致幼参抗应激能力差。综合以上分析,认为刺参保苗期间,乙酰甲喹的适宜添加量为2.0~4.0 mg/L。     

温度、湿度和氧气对海湾扇贝无水保活的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了温度、湿度和氧气对海湾扇贝Argopecten irradias无水保活的存活率和失重率的影响,进而研究其无水保活关键技术。对体质量为29~33 g的海湾扇贝采用普通、保湿、充氧和充氧保湿4种处理方式,并分别置于-2、0、4、10、15~18、20~25℃下进行无水保活试验。结果表明：海湾扇贝生态冰温区为-2.8~0℃;随着温度的升高,海湾扇贝的存活率逐渐降低;海湾扇贝在-2、0℃条件下保活效果最好,其次是4℃;保湿组比未保湿组、充氧组比未充氧组的存活率均有显著提高( P<0.05);低温条件下,保湿充氧处理的海湾扇贝存活率显著高于保湿组和充氧组(P<0.05),保活效果最好,保活10 d后其存活率依然达95%以上;低温无水条件下,采用保湿充氧处理的海湾扇贝失重率较小。研究表明,温度、湿度和氧气对海湾扇贝无水保活有较大影响,在-2~4℃的低温条件下采用保湿充氧处理方式对海湾扇贝进行无水保活,效果最佳。     

影响刺参幼参成活和生长的几个因素的研究

在刺参人工育苗过程中，从稚参到幼参阶段极易受外界综合因子影响，成活率很低。本文采用数理统计的方法，选择四种因子对此阶段死亡率进行试验。从方差和直观分析看到稚参的附着密度和饵料品种对其成活率和生长的影响大于水温和换水方式。稚参附着密度以0．2头／cm^2为最佳，0．5头／cm^2次之；饵料以鼠尾藻磨碎液为最佳，其次是鼠尾藻液和叉鞭金藻的混合液．     

宁夏干旱风沙区5种灌木保水剂造林试验与饲用价值研究

选择红柳(Tamarix ramosissima)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)5种宁夏干旱风沙区的主要造林灌木,采用法国SNF(爱森)保水剂和北京"清华绿宝"高效抗旱保水剂,通过蘸根法进行田间造林种植试验,以筛选出在干旱条件下提高苗木成活率的最佳方法,并对5种灌木的粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)、中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)、全量钙和全量磷的含量进行了测定。试验结果表明,使用SNF保水剂蘸根处理的成活率为39.60%,与CK相比提高了79.27%,与"清华绿宝"保水剂相比提高了44.90%。采用SNF保水剂蘸根处理,不仅可以提高造林成活率还可以节省保水剂用量,操作简单,适宜大面积的造林推广。5种灌木的粗蛋白与纤维比顺序为:柠条(0.46)紫穗槐(0.35)梭梭(0.24)花棒(0.22)红柳(0.17)。柠条、紫穗槐、梭梭都是优质的饲料资源。     

急升温对十种甲壳动物存活率的影响

温度是影响海洋生物生长繁殖和分布的一个重要因子。在适温范围内,生物可以正常生长繁殖;超过适温范围时,生物的行为活动以及生长繁殖都将受抑制,甚至导致死亡。张伟权等(1980)、王克行等(1984)曾观察过温度对中国对虾幼体存活率和生长的影响,黄加祺和郑重(1986)、林森杰和李松(1988)、Bhattacharga(1984)、Bradley(1975)、Moreira(1982)分别报道过温度与某些桡足类生长、繁殖及存活率关系的实验结果。有关虾、蟹等经济动物和浮游甲壳类的行为生态与分布,不少学者已作过较细致的研究和论述。     

Competitive interactions between native and exotic salmonids: a combined field and laboratory demonstration

Abstract –  We studied the impact of two exotic salmonid species (brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss ) on native brown trout ( Salmo trutta fario ) habitat, growth and survival. Habitat selection and vertical distribution between young-of-the-year of the three species were examined in a stream aquarium under different sympatric and allopatric combinations. In addition, similar species combinations were introduced in a Pyrenean mountain stream (southwest France) in order to extend laboratory results to growth and apparent survival. Both laboratory and field results indicated that rainbow trout significantly affected native brown trout habitat selection and apparent survival. On the contrary, brown trout habitat, growth and apparent survival were hardly affected by brook trout. These results support the idea that rainbow trout negatively influence native brown trout, and that competition could influence the outcome of fish biological invasions in freshwater ecosystems.     

Effect of salinity on carrying capacity of adult Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. in recirculating systems

Effect of salinity on carrying capacity of a recirculation system for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L.; production was assessed. Survival, growth and feed conversion ratio of adult Nile tilapia fed 30% crude protein diet for 88 days were measured at three different salinity levels (8, 15 and 25 g L^?1) and two stocking densities (20 and 40 m^?3) in three independent recirculating systems. Highest survival (98%) and a linear growth in net biomass (P<0.01) was observed in both densities at 8 g L^?1 and in 20 m^?3 treatment at 15 g L^?1. Highest net biomass growth was observed in the 40 m^?3 stocking density treatment at 8 g L^?1 salinity level (P<0.05). Overall biomass growth was significantly affected by salinity indicating a decrease in Nile tilapia carrying capacity with increased salinity. About 11 000 kg ha^?1 crop^?1 of Nile tilapia can be obtained in recirculating systems at 8 g L^?1 salinity, significantly higher than the net production at 15 g L^?1 (5200 kg ha^?1 crop^?1) and 22 g L^?1 (4425 kg ha^?1 crop^?1).