温度对奥尼罗非鱼受精卵孵化和仔鱼活力的影响

研究了温度对奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)受精卵孵化和仔鱼活力的影响。在盐度为5不同温度(22、24、26、28、30、32和34℃)下,比较观察奥尼罗非鱼受精卵的培育周期、孵化周期、孵化率和畸形率。同时在以上不同温度条件下对初孵的奥尼罗非鱼仔鱼进行耐饥饿试验,测定其不投饵存活系数(Survivalactivity index,SAI)。结果表明:在温度为24~32℃,受精卵孵化率较高(84.3%~91%),温度高于34℃和低于22℃时,孵化率较低。温度与培育周期呈负相关关系,函数关系为y=0.3607x2-26.836x+553.5,R2=0.973。仔鱼生存适宜温度是24~30℃,最适的温度是24~26℃。温度为22℃时,SAI值分别为19.9,但是仔鱼发育的缓慢,部分仔鱼的身体色素一直没有出现,不适合仔鱼的培育。     

花椒嫁接技术研究

为了给花椒生产中快速、高效嫁接方法的选择提供参考,依据花椒生产对嫁接育苗的要求,针对花椒嫁接研究现状,选择嵌芽接、单芽切接、T字型芽接、插皮接、嫩枝腹接和单芽腹切接6种嫁接方法,从接穗的采集与贮存、接穗品种、砧木类别、嫁接时间、嫁接人员、嫁接速率及土壤水分等方面进行了对比试验研究。结果表明:在陇南白龙江沿岸花椒产区,采用嵌芽接方法嫁接的效率最高,嫁接成活率最高。春季于12月底到3月初采集接穗,并贮存于0~5℃的低温中,3月下旬到4月下旬嫁接;夏季随采随接,7月中旬到8月上旬嫁接,成活率可达到90%以上,有效嫁接时间均可以达到30 d以上。采用单芽切接的方法在春季嫁接,成活率可达到95%以上,嫁接时间可延长到30 d左右。     

竹缺爪螨实验种群生命表的研究

在25℃温度条件下，用黄金间碧竹（Bambusa vulgaris cv.vittata)叶饲养竹缺爪螨（Aponychus corpuzae Rimando)，应用生存分析理论和多维矩阵模型组建竹缺爪螨种群生命表，计算得种群主要参数为：内禀增长率rm＝0．0811，净增殖率R0＝5．8368，平均世代长度T＝21．7532d，周限增长率λ=1.0845/d；并分析了种群在不同年龄的生命状态，各发育期重叠情况以及稳定的年龄一阶段分布；最后讨论了应用这2种方法组建螨类生命表的优点。     

Improved techniques for the induction and isolation of polyploids in the genus Fragaria

Summary The sensitivity of Fragaria seedlings to colchicine is dependent on the plant organ that is treated. Complete immersion of seedlings in a 1.5% colchicine solution results in total lethality, whereas the survival rates were more than 75% even at concentrations of 3.0% when only shoot apices were treated. High proportions of polyploids were isolated by treating shoot apices of seedlings with a 2.0% colchicine solution for 24–28 h. The dropper method is preferred to the tube method as it involves a minimum of manipulation and requires simple equipment. A differential response to colchicine was observed within and between different diploid species, diploid and tetraploid hybrids.     

Factors affecting haploid production in wheat using the Hordeum bulbosum system. 3. Post-fertilization effects on embryo survival

Summary An investigation was made of factors affecting the frequency of development of fertilized ovules following wheat x Hordeum bulbosum hybridizations. Seed survival, a term used here to represent the relationship between seed set and fertilization, was shown to vary between the wheat genotypes tested, but was unrelated to the crossability genes present within the wheat genotype. A high seed survival was obtained in crosses involving the variety TH3929 and the single chromosome substitution line, Chinese Spring (Hope 5B). Chinese Spring showed a poor seed survival. Some influence of the H. bulbosum genotype on seed survival was detected. The two environmental factors studied, namely the post-pollination application of gibberellic acid and the ambient temperature, were both shown to affect seed survival. The application of gibberellic acid immediately after pollination or 1 and 2 days after pollination improved seed survival, although the extent of the response was dependent upon the number and timing of the application(s). A genotype-dependent response to the ambient temperature was observed, TH3929 showing a slight but insignificant reduction and Chinese Spring a significant improvement in seed survival with an increase in temperature from 20°C to 26°C. The physiological processes which may be influenced by GA and the ambient temperature and may thereby affect seed survival are discussed.     

石梓种子的发芽试验

石梓(Gmelina arborea)种子特性与柚木相似,过去曾做过试验,在室内发芽皿中不发芽,一般贮藏方法,一年内即失去发芽力。有些生产单位播种覆土盖草,种子容易霉烂,低温季节播种,种子发芽困难。针对上述问题,我们进行了种子贮藏和催芽方法的探讨,取得了一定的效果。     

不同整地方式对造林质量的影响

在黑龙江省半干旱地区通过全面整地、开沟整地、穴状整地和不整地对樟子松、云杉、落叶松和银中杨的造林成活率、保存率以及树高和地径生长量影响的试验研究,结果表明:开沟整地可大大提高针叶树的造林成活率和保存率,同时可有效提高樟子松和云杉的林木生长量。     

保水剂在桉树栽植中的应用试验

用不同含量的保水剂(浓度分别为0.05%、0.1%、0.2%)进行桉树栽植试验,分别测定苗木成活率、基质含水率及苗木的生长量。结果表明:使用保水剂的苗木成活率明显高于对照实验,各处理对苗木成活率的影响高度显著,保水剂含量0.1%的处理能得到较高的成活率及生长量。由于保水剂发挥作用的前提是必须有水可保,试验后未再补水,因此基质含水率变化的差异不大。     

油茶芽接与扦插育苗比较

为降低油茶育苗成本,提高经济效益,对油茶芽接和扦插育苗进行了试验比较。结果表明:油茶扦插成活率高于芽接30%~50%;每公顷出苗量高于芽接1倍多;苗木良种纯度高,但生长量滞后芽接0.5~1年;每公顷成本投入低于芽接15.75%;收入高于芽接2.36倍;扦插育苗经济效益显著,市场竞争力强。     

油桐嫁接繁殖技术的研究

本试验研究对油桐嫁接繁殖中嫁接材料的选择、嫁接方法的应用、嫁接时期的确定,影响嫁接成活率的因素以及嫁接后的科学管理等进行了研究。