取食转Bt基因棉对斜纹夜蛾幼虫存活的影响

以常规棉泗棉3号为对照,测定了取食转Bt基因棉GKl2的不同部位(花、蕾、铃和不同空间部位叶片)10d对斜纹夜蛾初孵幼虫存活率的影响。结果表明：棉花品种和植株部位对斜纹夜蛾幼虫存活率均产生显著影响,但两者之间没有交互作用。取食Bt棉顶部新叶(倒1叶)、中上部展开叶片(倒3叶和倒6叶)和蕾10d的斜纹夜蛾幼虫,其存活率与对照没有显著差异。取食Bt棉下部成熟叶片(倒14叶)4d后,幼虫存活率方显著低于对照。取食Bt棉花朵的幼虫初期(≤4d)存活率低于对照,但随着对照死亡率的增加,6～10d内两者差异不再显著。取食Bt棉棉铃的幼虫存活率始终低于对照,但两者差异基本不显著。根据GKl2对棉铃虫和斜纹夜蛾杀虫效果的比较,初步探讨了斜纹夜蛾为害趋势加重的原因。     

Cohort-dependent seedling recruitment, survival and reproductive capacity of Tribulus terrestris

Knowledge of the population biology of the summer annual Tribulus terrestris can provide valuable information for managing the risk of its colonising crop fields. Because of spring‐summer crop management practices, fields can exhibit bare ground in late April and early May. In this situation, four cohorts in 2000 and three cohorts in 2001 were censused and monitored throughout the vegetative and reproductive season, in order to evaluate the relationship between time of emergence, survival, vegetative growth and plant reproductive capacities. To a great extent, seedling survivorship depended on emergence timing; the earlier the emergence of the seedlings, the higher was the proportion of survivorship (64% and 4%, for early and late emergences). The time of emergence also influenced plant development; in both years, surviving individuals of the first cohorts presented significantly greater plant biomass and larger numbers of reproductive structures (60.5 fruits per plant) than those of later cohorts (0.8 fruits per plant). Reproductive meristem allocation was also highest in the earliest cohorts. Results showed that T. terrestris can increase its population size in fields if gaps of bare soil surface are available from mid spring to early summer.     

Dam and Sire Effects on Sperm Penetration of the Perivitelline Layer of Eggs Produced by Two Strains of Commercial Turkeys

The reproductive performance of 2 commercial turkey breeder lines was examined using reciprocal crosses between sires and dams of each line. One line had been selected using artificial inseminations performed at biweekly intervals, whereas the second line had been selected using inseminations performed at weekly intervals. The hypothesis was proposed that sires and dams of the 2 lines differ because of different abilities for sperm to penetrate the inner perivitelline layer (IPVL) and fertilize eggs.Fertilized eggs to hatch poults for the experiment were obtained from the primary breeders and were incubated using conditions recommended by the industry. Hens (n = 72) and toms (n = 15) from each strain were identified and reared in preparation for a reproductive cycle using commercially accepted standards. Beginning just prior to the onset of egg production and at weekly intervals thereafter, half of the hens were inseminated with semen from males of the same line, whereas the remaining half received semen from the opposite line. Eggs were collected from the pens daily and set in incubators to determine fertility and embryo survival. At biweekly intervals 3 eggs per pen were used for counting sperm penetration holes in the IPVL. Data were collected for fertility, hatchability, and time that embryos died for each of the pens. Dam and sire affected IPVL penetration independently. A dam by sire interaction influenced fertility, whereas hatchability was affected only by dam. Thus, it is concluded that selection of dam and sires for commercial breeders alters IPVL sperm penetration ability of hens as well as egg-binding ability of sires.     

中华蜜蜂卵的转移效果研究

本试验以中华蜜蜂蜂群里不同时间段的卵为实验材料,研究了不同时间段卵人工转移后的存活率。结果表明:24～36h卵的存活率最高,其次是12～24h的卵;0～12h卵的存活率最低。     

A matched observational study of survival in cats with enucleation due to diffuse iris melanoma

Although a small number of cases of feline diffuse iris melanoma have been documented to metastasize, the prognosis is not known. In this matched observational study, the survival time of 34 cats with enucleation due to histologically confirmed diffuse iris melanoma was recorded. These results are compared to the survival times of 83 age-matched control cats. Affected cats had enucleation between 2 and 10 years prior to the study. One group of control cats with eye disease had enucleation for either lymphoplasmacytic uveitis (27 cases), ocular trauma (seven cases), or endophthalmitis (four cases). In these control cats, enucleations were performed between 2 and 10 years prior to this study. Forty-five additional control cats presented for vaccination between 2 and 10 years prior to the study. The extent of diffuse iris melanoma at the time of enucleation in affected cats was graded according to the extent of involvement of ocular tissues and the invasiveness of the tumor. Affected cats have a significantly decreased survival compared with control cats and cats with extensive tumors at the time of enucleation have the lowest survival rates. Cats with tumors confined to the iris survive at the same rate as controls. These results suggests that early enucleation is important to avoid premature death, presumed to be due to cancer metastasis in cats with diffuse iris melanoma.     

实生板栗高接换冠技术的研究

采用多种嫁接方法在改造大龄实生板栗上进行不同时间和嫁接时对树冠的不同处理的试验，结果表明，应用挖骨皮接、插皮接、切腹接的最佳时期是在树体萌芽前１０ｄ至萌芽期（即３月中旬左右），段木芽接法宜在３月上旬前进行为好；１树１桩嫁接成活率较１树多桩低，当１树少于４桩嫁接时，适当留１～２个辅养枝可提高成活率，且对接芽生长影响不大．     

甘肃引种树苜蓿越冬失败原因及预防对策

树苜蓿Chamaecytisus palmensis是一种具有饲用、观赏和水保等多功能的长绿豆科灌木树种,2002年首次从澳大利亚引进甘肃,且分别在该省的定西、天水和武都进行了各种育苗试验并取得了成功,但一年生苗木在定西和天水越冬出现失败.为此在对树苜蓿引种、育苗和越冬保护进行简述的基础上,对其越冬失败的原因和保护对策进行了详细的阐述,并提出了一些建议.     

Winter Hardiness, Frost Resistance and Vernalization Requirement of European Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera) Cultivars within the Last 20 Years

Cultivars of European winter oilseed rape cultivated in the second half of the 1970s and in the mid-1990s were screened for their winter hardiness, frost resistance and vernalization requirement. A strong correlation between winter hardiness and frost resistance in both groups of rape has been noticed. Among oilseed rapes cultivated in the late 1970s, low erucic acid and particularly double zero cultivars were less winter hard than high erucic acid cultivars. Double zero cultivars were characterized by lower frost resistance and lower vernalization requirement. A significant correlation between vernalization requirement and both frost resistance and field survival has also been shown. Frost resistance of the 1990s (double zero) cultivars was higher than that of double low cultivars from the late 1970s. Their vernalization requirement was still small and did not correlate with either frost resistance or winter hardiness. It was concluded that reduction in the content of glucosinolates in the 1970s involved decrease in winter hardiness and vernalization requirement of cultivars. During the following 20 years winter hardiness of double low cultivars has been improved, but vernalization requirements have not changed. As a result no correlation between winter hardiness and vernalization requirement in contemporary canola cultivars has been observed.     

三疣梭子蟹早期发育阶段最佳饵料投喂策略及投喂密度探讨

三疣梭子蟹是大型可食经济蟹类,具有很高的商业价值。为发展三疣梭子蟹育苗技术,试验对其早期发育阶段的饵料选择、投喂策略及最佳捕食密度进行了探讨。实验设置小球藻组、扁藻组、小球藻与扁藻混合组、轮虫组(加小球藻50×104个/ml)和卤虫组(加扁藻8×104个/ml)5个因素,分别设4、4、4、6和6个梯度。结果表明,小球藻浓度50×104个/ml或扁藻浓度8×104个/ml或小球藻(25~40×104个/ml)+扁藻(2.5~4×104个/ml)可使Ⅰ期溞状幼体(Z1)存活较长时间,但仅投喂单胞藻类不能使Z1正常变态;自Z1开始投喂轮虫可使幼体正常发育至Ⅲ期溞状幼体(Z3),以后幼体发育迟缓,出现Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期溞状幼体(Z4)和大眼幼体(M)同时存在的现象。Z1对轮虫的最佳捕食密度为5个/幼体、Ⅱ期溞状幼体(Z2)为10个/幼体,存活率可分别达到95.7%和94%;从Z3开始应该投喂卤虫无节幼体,捕食密度为10个/幼体,存活率达到最高值为84.5%。从Z4开始投喂卤虫成体,Z4、M和Ⅰ期幼蟹(C)的最佳捕食密度为10个/幼体,存活率分别为90%、85.7%和82.9%。因此,三疣梭子蟹Z1和Z2应该投喂轮虫,最佳捕食密度分别为5个/幼体和10个/幼体;Z3开始投喂卤虫无节幼体,最佳捕食密度为10个/幼体。Z4开始投喂卤虫成体,最佳捕食密度为10个/幼体。同时,育苗水体中添加一定量的单胞藻类。     

STAT6介导的巨噬细胞极化对布鲁氏菌胞内存活的影响

旨在探讨STAT6介导的巨噬细胞极化对布鲁氏菌胞内生存的影响。本研究采用布鲁氏菌光滑株S2308（S2308）和粗糙型疫苗株RB51（RB51）侵染巨噬细胞。利用qRT-PCR检测M1型巨噬细胞标志因子p65、NOS2和IL-1β,M2型巨噬细胞标志因子STAT6、ARG1、IL-10的mRNA表达水平;流式细胞术检测M1型标记分子CD86和M2型标记分子CD206的表达;Western blot检测p-STAT6蛋白及抑制剂AS对蛋白的抑制作用;ELISA检测M1型细胞因子TNF-α、IL-12和M2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-10的表达量;最后对胞内菌落进行CFU计数。qRT-PCR结果显示,在感染8、12 h时可显著诱导M1型因子mRNA转录表达,72 h时低表达,而M2型因子在72 h时高表达;流式细胞术结果显示,S2308感染12 h可显著诱导CD86的表达,感染72 h可显著诱导CD206的表达,但RB51对二者无影响;Western blot结果显示,S2308菌株在感染72 h时激活STAT6信号通路,而RB51几乎不激活该通路,抑制剂AS在2 μmol·L^-1浓度时抑制效果最佳;ELISA结果显示,AS抑制剂可显著抑制IL-4、IL-10的释放,并促进TNF-α、IL-12的释放;CFU计数结果显示,S2308组的胞内菌呈先降低后显著上升趋势,加入AS抑制剂后可显著抑制布鲁氏菌胞内复制。布鲁氏菌S2308在感染后期能够通过STAT6诱导M1型巨噬细胞向M2型转化,并促进Th2型细胞因子的释放,从而有利于布鲁氏菌的胞内生存。而RB51几乎不激活该通路,不影响胞内生存。