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111.
The effects of temperature and salinity on the reproductive success of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), were examined by holding broodstock under the following conditions from mid‐May until the end of September: fresh water at ambient temperature (NFW; 8–16 °C); salt water (25–30‰) at ambient temperature (NSW; 4–10 °C); fresh water cooled to saltwater temperature (CFW; 4–10 °C); or salt water heated to freshwater temperature (HSW; 8–16 °C). The relative fecundity of females was similar among groups (P > 0.05; 2685 ± 706 eggs), but females reared in NSW produced significantly larger eggs than those raised in NFW. The highest spermatozoa concentrations were found in milt from males reared in SW and the highest milt glucose concentration was from males kept under coldwater conditions (CFW, NSW). Eggs from NSW and HSW females contained more proteins than eggs produced by NFW females. Eggs from NSW females also contained 40% more lipids than was observed in the other groups, and total energy content was 27% higher in eggs from NSW females than in eggs from NFW females. When FW was cooled (CFW), females produced eggs with protein contents similar to those in NSW, but the lipid contents remained 30% lower. Finally, the best survival at the eyed stage and at hatch was observed in families produced by NSW broodstock. Intermediate values were observed in families from NFW or CFW while the highest mortality occurred in families from the HSW group. All these results suggest that, under the experimental conditions used in the present study, coastal seawater conditions offered the most favourable summer rearing conditions with respect to the reproductive success of Arctic charr. 相似文献
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铁皮石斛组培苗生长差异与移栽成活率相关性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了确定不同添加物处理对铁皮石斛组培苗生长和移栽后成活的影响,在培养基中分别添加食用甘薯粉、工业甘薯粉、食用马铃薯粉、工业马铃薯粉、木薯粉、香蕉粉以及香蕉泥进行培养,2个月后对组培苗进行移栽驯化,并统计地上部及地下部指标,4 个月后统计移栽成活率。结果表明,添加食用甘薯粉处理的组培苗鲜重和分蘖数最多;而添加香蕉泥处理有利于组培苗株高、节间数、叶片数及2~5 cm之间根数的增加;添加工业甘薯粉处理的组培苗茎粗最粗。各处理对移栽成活率的影响因素由高到低依次为:香蕉泥>工业甘薯粉木薯粉>工业马铃薯粉>食用甘薯粉>香蕉粉跃食用马铃薯粉。通过对不同添加物处理下组培苗性状与移栽成活率的灰度关联分析,得出影响石斛组培苗成活率的首要因子为节间数,其次为叶片数和株高袁而2~5 cm根条数,大于5cm根条数、鲜重、平均节间长、总根数、分蘖数、茎粗尧小于2cm根条数等指标与移栽成活率关联度较低。因此,在铁皮石斛组培过程中,除了注意诱导生根外,还要注意添加物的种类,尤其以能促进其节间数、株高、叶片数增加的添加物最为重要。 相似文献
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盐度对脊尾白虾存活、生长和蜕壳的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了盐度突变对脊尾白虾成活的影响,以及水体盐度(0、6‰、12‰、18‰)对单个体养殖条件下脊尾白虾生长、成活和蜕壳的影响.结果表明:(1)盐度由6‰到0的突变组,脊尾白虾的成活率最低,96 h成活率仅为6.67%;而盐度由6‰至12‰、18‰的突变组,96 h的成活率均在93%以上.(2)单个体养殖试验结果表明,随着水体盐度提高(盐度0~12‰条件下),脊尾白虾最终体长、总体长增长率和成活率均有增加趋势;盐度超过12‰时,总体长增长率显著下降,但成活率变化不大.(3)盐度对脊尾白虾的蜕壳周期有一定影响,盐度12‰组虾的第1次、第5次、第8次和第9次蜕壳周期最长;整体上,盐度12‰组平均蜕壳周期最长(9.57 d),盐度0组平均蜕壳周期相对较短(8.47 d).因此,脊尾白虾对盐度低于6‰的水体适应性较差,盐度12‰有利于提高该虾的生长速度和成活率. 相似文献
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根据对虾流网结构特点设计兼有捕虾和接获网上掉虾功能的专用网具,研究了对虾流网作业全过程的掉虾数量;同时还对暂养模拟掉虾和对虾在网上直接死亡率作了调查;并研究了流网掉下对虾的成活率。所得结果为调整渤海区秋季对虾汛的捕捞结构,实行以流网代替拖网作业的管理决策提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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David L Mann Tom Asakawa Beverley Kelly Trent Lindsay & Brian Paterson 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(14):1580-1587
Intensive nursery systems are designed to culture mud crab postlarvae through a critical phase in preparation for stocking into growout systems. This study investigated the influence of stocking density and provision of artificial habitat on the yield of a cage culture system. For each of three batches of postlarvae, survival, growth and claw loss were assessed after each of three nursery phases ending at crab instars C1/C2, C4/C5 and C7/C8. Survival through the first phase was highly variable among batches with a maximum survival of 80% from megalops to a mean crab instar of 1.5. Stocking density between 625 and 2300 m−2 did not influence survival or growth in this first phase. Stocking densities tested in phases 2 and 3 were 62.5, 125 and 250 m−2. At the end of phases 2 and 3, there were five instar stages present, representing a more than 20‐fold size disparity within the populations. Survival became increasingly density‐sensitive following the first phase, with higher densities resulting in significantly lower survival (phase 2: 63% vs. 79%; phase 3: 57% vs. 64%). The addition of artificial habitat in the form of pleated netting significantly improved survival at all densities. The mean instar attained by the end of phase 2 was significantly larger at a lower stocking density and without artificial habitat. No significant effect of density or habitat on harvest size was detected in phase 3. The highest incidence of claw loss was 36% but was reduced by lowering stocking densities and addition of habitat. For intensive commercial production, yield can be significantly increased by addition of a simple net structure but rapidly decreases the longer crablets remain in the nursery. 相似文献