化学灌浆在混凝土细裂缝治理中的应用

详细介绍了化学灌浆的施工技术、设备及化学灌浆材料,结合工程实例加以论述,并证实与缝表面嵌填封涂的处理方式比较,化学灌浆治理混凝土细裂缝更为行之有效.     

阿根廷专属经济区内鱿钓渔场分布及其与表温关系

根据2008-2011年中国鱿钓船在阿根廷专属经济区内的生产统计和表层水温(SST)的资料,对渔获量组成和渔场分布情况进行了分析,同时利用Marine Explorer软件和K-S统计方法对渔场分布与SST的关系进行了研究,推测出各月中心渔场的最适SST。结果表明:阿根廷专属经济区内鱿鱼产量在2-4月份较高,且波动较大;产量主要集中在44°～52°S、60°～65°W海域,约占总产量的70%以上,各月产量的空间分布有较大差异,作业渔场总体上不断北移。2-8月中心渔场各月适宜SST范围分别为11～14.5℃、9.5～12℃、9～10℃、9～9.5℃、7～9℃、7.5～9℃、7～10℃,并通过了K-S检验。研究建议,今后应收集更为详细的包括生物学在内的生产统计数据,结合不同产卵群体的特点,对资源变动和渔场变化进行系统和科学分析,为合理利用西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼资源提供基础。     

小麦啤酒糖化工艺优化

[目的]探讨小麦啤酒糖化的最优工艺。[方法]通过4因素5水平二次旋转正交组合试验设计,利用响应面法分析与小麦啤酒糖化直接相关的小麦芽比例、水料比5、2℃保温时间6、5℃保温时间等因素对还原糖含量的影响。[结果]小麦啤酒最佳糖化工艺参数为小麦芽比例41.7%～42.3%,水料比3.4(V/W)5,2℃保温35～36 min6,5℃保温74 min;在该条件下,还原糖含量为89 g/L。[结论]该研究为小麦啤酒品质的提高提供了理论依据。     

关于樟子松叶表面积的变异的研究

本文通过不同年龄、不同立地条件的7个林分的调查资料,分析研究了确定樟子松叶表面积的数学模型和变异范围,为提高估算森林生态系统的叶面积的准确度提供了理论依据。     

黄土丘陵区地表甲虫空间异质性对环境变化的响应

【目的】了解环境因子对黄土丘陵区地表甲虫群落多样性和空间分布的影响。【方法】以宁夏彭阳县高建堡流域为研究区,以GF-2高分辨率遥感影像和数字高程模型（DEM）为数据源,利用3S技术获取研究区土地利用、坡度、海拔等环境因子。采用陷阱法在6个植物群落分明的样地诱捕地表甲虫,并对地表甲虫统计数据进行初步处理和分类。结合广义可加模型(GAM)探究研究区地表甲虫空间异质性与环境因子变化的关系。【结果】（1）GAM自变量（海拔、坡度、坡向和土壤水分）对因变量（地表甲虫种群数量）的决定系数为60.20%,说明研究区地表步甲科甲虫对所选用的环境因子有很大的趋向性。（2）GAM中各环境因子对步甲科甲虫数量和空间分布的影响存在明显差异,其中海拔的影响为23.10%,坡度为9.54%,坡向为8.03%,环境因子中土壤水分为46.80%。（3）土壤水分是影响黄土丘陵沟壑区步甲科昆虫最重要的因素,其受到海拔、坡度、坡向等地形因子影响,对甲虫生存环境起到关键性作用,步甲科昆虫在土壤水分25%～45%的区域分布密度最大。【结论】研究区地表甲虫主要分布于灌草混交林地、乔灌混交林地和生态薪炭林地,其中灌草混交林地是地表甲虫生存、栖息的最佳生境。步甲科昆虫是该流域内的广布种和优势种。     

脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺类表面活性剂合成研究

以十四酸、十六酸、硬脂酸和二乙醇胺为原料,NaOH为催化剂,经酯化和水解二步法合成C14、C16、C18脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺类非离子表面活性剂,研究了各类脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺合成条件。测定了产物表面张力并确定了3种产物的临界胶团浓度(cmc),考察了无机盐对系列产物表面张力的影响,并测试了产物的起泡能力。结果表明,C14、C16、C18脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺形成临界胶团的浓度(cmc)分别为10、5、1mg/L,对应的表面张力分别为28.91、27.57、26.15mN/m。无机电解质浓度越高,产物水溶液的表面张力降低得越多,阳离子价态数的高低对产物表面张力影响不大。合成产物的起泡能力不强,但其消泡速率比较小,在0.37～0.6ml/min之间,说明合成产物的稳泡性能较好。     

Infiltration in surface irrigated swelling soils

Infiltration characteristics for border strip irrigation at two sites with swelling clay soils were examined. Volume infiltrated was calculated from flow onto the field monitored with flow meters; depth of water in the soil estimated from soil samples taken before and after irrigation; and the advance profile which was used to calculate the volume infiltrated with time. Volume infiltrated was compared with volume of cracks before irrigation.Linear advance and observed crack closing supported the hypothesis that infiltration approached zero after about 10 min. Volume of cracks was less than 20% of the volume infiltrated. Wetting front was 3–10 times greater than depth of observed surface cracks. There was no significant correlation between intake opportunity time and depth of infiltration, but elevation irregularities were related to infiltration.     

Using drainage systems for supplementary irrigation

The use of drainage systems for supplementary irrigation is widespread in The Netherlands. One of the operating policies is to raise the surface water level during the growing season in order to reduce drainage (water conservation) or to create subsurface irrigation. This type of operation is based on practical experience, which can be far from optimal.To obtain better founded operational water management rules a total soil water/surface water model was built. In a case study the effects of using the drainage system in a dual-purpose manner on the arable crop production were simulated with the model. Also, the operational rules for managing this type of dual-purpose drainage systems were derived.The average annual simulated increase in crop transpiration due to water conservation and water supply for subsurface irrigation are 6.0 and 5.4 mm.y^–1, respectively. This is equivalent with 520 × 10³ and 460 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for the pilot region (2 Dfl 1 US $). The corresponding investments and operational costs are 600 × 10³ Dfl and 9 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for water conservation and 3200 × 10³ Dfl and 128 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for subsurface irrigation. Hence, water conservation is economically very profitable, whereas subsurface irrigation is less attractive.Comparing the management according to the model with current practice in a water-board during 1983 and 1986 learned that benefits can increase with some 50 and 500 Dfl per ha per year, respectively.     

The rehabilitation of an irrigation system along the Yellow River

The People's Victory Irrigation System which diverts water from the Yellow River of China covers a total irrigable area of 59 000 ha. The system encountered some serious problems in the first decade of its operation — salinity and waterlogging of irrigated land, siltation of irrigation and drainage channels, as well as a low efficiency of water use. This paper describes a series of structural and functional measures which have been adopted in the past 24 years for the rehabilitation of the system, including: improvement of the existing drainage system and construction of new drainage system on agricultural land, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater supplies, a comprehensive programme to reduce the levels of siltation as well as the implementation of improved water management practices. A model for the optimal operation of the system by using system analysis theory as an aid in reducing the operation and maintenance (O & M) costs has been developed in recent years. The results are that the soil salinity has been controlled and the agricultural production has increased whilst the efficiency of water use has improved and the siltation levels reduced. Experience gained on this system has been successfully used in developing and managing other irrigation projects along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The proposed procedure of solving the said optimal model has also embodied some benefits from reducing O & M costs in operation.     

木材表面声发射信号源的三角形定位方法

为了确定木材表面声发射源的发生位置,首先采用高速采集设备设计了基于Lab VIEW的多通道声发射信号采集平台,并采用小波分析方法从原始声发射信号中析取有用信号;然后根据信号传播的时延差确定声发射信号在木材表面的平均传播速率;最后依据基于时差的三角形几何定位原理,提出木材表面声发射信号源定位方法,并通过铅芯模拟声发射源的测试试验加以验证。结果表明该方法能够以较高的精度确定木材表面声发射信号源位置。