甘蔗渣在制糖中分离糠醛的初步研究

[目的]初步研究甘蔗渣最佳超/亚临界水解液化反应条件和糠醛的分离。[方法]以甘蔗渣为原料,考察了反应温度、固液比（甘蔗渣/水）对还原糖浓度和糠醛百分含量的影响,以及温度对糠醛分离的影响。[结果]反应温度为368℃,固液比为1∶7.9为甘蔗渣最佳的产糖条件,且产生的糠醛少。在较高的温度下（〉300℃）产生的糠醛较少。通过放气排出反应中产生的糠醛,第1个放气点排出的糠醛最多,放气效果最好。[结论]对于放气排出的混合液体,应该进一步研究分离其中的有用成分糠醛,实现秸秆资源的更好利用。     

基于高光谱遥感的小麦叶片糖氮比监测

 【目的】碳氮代谢反映植株生理状况和生长活力,是小麦籽粒产量与品质形成的生理基础,因而叶片糖氮比的实时无损监测对小麦生长诊断和氮素管理具有重要意义。本研究的主要目的是通过分析小麦叶片糖氮比与冠层高光谱参数的定量关系,确立小麦叶片糖氮比的定量监测模型。【方法】采用不同蛋白质含量的小麦品种在不同施氮水平下进行了连续3年大田试验,于小麦不同生育期采集田间冠层高光谱数据并测定叶片糖氮比值,进而分析建立冠层高光谱参数与叶片糖氮比的回归模型。【结果】小麦叶片糖氮比随施氮水平的提高而下降,随生育进程呈“高-低-高”动态变化模式。利用高光谱对叶片糖氮比进行监测的适宜时期为拔节期至灌浆中期,其中开花期最好。水分特征参数FWBI和Area980与叶片糖氮比关系密切,指数方程拟合决定系数（R2）分别为0.762和0.768,估计标准误差（SE）分别为1.27和1.28。色素特征参数（R750-800/R695-740）-1和VOG2为变量,指数方程拟合决定系数（R2）分别为0.718和0.712,估计标准误差SE分别为1.87和1.95。经不同年际独立试验数据的检验表明,以参数FWBI、Area1190、（R750-800/R695-740）-1和VOG2参数为变量建立的叶片糖氮比监测模型表现很好,预测精度R2分别为0.627、0.618、0.691和0.795,预测相对误差RE分别为19.2%、18.7%、17.9%和18.3%。【结论】与色素指数和水分指数相关的特征光谱参数可以有效地评价小麦叶片糖氮比的变化状况,利用FWBI、Area1190、（R750-800/R695-740）-1和VOG2 4个参数可以对生长盛期的小麦叶片糖氮比进行可靠的监测。     

广西高糖割手密遗传多样性的表型分析和RAPD分析

采用表型性状变异分析和聚类分析,以及RAPD分子标记分析的方法,研究21份广西高糖割手密无性系的遗传多样性.结果表明,21份高糖割手密无性系在萌芽率、分蘖率、株高、茎径、小区茎数、单茎重上的变异较大、类型多,基于该6性状的聚类分析可将21份割手密无性系划分为3个类群;对21份割手密无性系进行RAPD分子标记多态性分析,发现这些高糖无性系间亦存在较丰富的等位基因位点变异,基于RAPD分子标记的聚类分析将21份无性系划分为4个类群.本研究表明,21份广西高糖割手密无性系间在DNA水平上和主要性状的表型水平上均存在较为丰富的遗传多样性.     

宜兴百合叶片与鳞茎对干旱胁迫的生理响应

[目的]探索宜兴百合耐旱性评价的有效方法,为宜兴百合抗旱品种的筛选提供参考。[方法]通过人工模拟干旱胁迫环境,研究宜兴百合在土壤不同含水量的条件下,叶片和鳞茎脯氨酸、丙二醛、还原性糖含量等生理指标的变化。[结果]宜兴百合的叶片对干旱胁迫的响应性比鳞茎好,脯氨酸、丙二醛含量对干旱胁迫的响应性比还原性糖含量好。[结论]宜兴百合的叶片为较好的用于耐旱性评价分析的材料,能较好地反映百合对干旱胁迫的生理响应;丙二醛和脯氨酸含量是较好的鉴定指标。     

低糖番茄脯加工技术

低糖番茄脯不仅营养丰富而且具有浓郁的原果风味，是一种独具风格的保健食品，符合人民生活水平，文化素质日益提高的要求，开发前景十分广阔，本文介绍了低糖番茄脯的完整生产工艺及产品质量指标。     

不同栽培措施对温室油桃含糖量的影响试验研究

通过增施钾肥、铺反光膜、限制产量的栽培措施试验，结果表明：不同K肥水平对油桃含糖量影响有显著差异，株施60g钾肥油桃含糖量最高为13．6％；行间铺设反光膜与未铺反光膜对油桃含糖量影响有显著差异，行间铺设反光膜比未铺反光膜油桃含糖量高1．8％；不同产量水平对油桃含糖量影响有显著差异，产量控制在12000kg／hm2时油桃含糖量最高。     

New Genetic Markers in a Wild Species of Beet (Beta nana Boiss. et Heldr.): Prospects for Utilization

In a study of variation in 13 enzymes occurring in B. nana, unique and invariant phenotypes were found for five of these enzymes, when compared with a range of other wild and cultivated beets. In similar comparisons unique alleles were found in B. nana for two other enzyme loci. For the remaining six enzymes B. nana was found to have variation and alleles which were common to other forms of beet. It is concluded that reliable markers for B. nana exist, and that this species represents a source of novel genes for sugar beet breeding.     

Modelling the variability of UK sugar beet yields under climate change and husbandry adaptations

In the future, UK summers are likely to be warmer and drier. Modelling differential water redistribution and uptake, we assessed the impact of future drier climates on sugar beet yields. Weather was generated for 1961–1990 (BASE) and predictions based on low‐ and high‐emission scenarios (LO, HI) described in the most recent global climate simulations by the Hadley Centre, UK. Distributions and variability of relative soil moisture deficit (rSMD) and yield gap (drought‐related yield loss, YG_dr = 1?actual yield/potential yield), and sugar yield were calculated for different time‐lines using regional weather, soil texture and management inputs. The rSMD is estimated to exceed the senescence threshold with a probability of 75% (2050sLO) to 95% (2080sHI) compared with 65% (BASE). The potential yield loss, YG_dr, is likely to increase from 17% (BASE) to 22% (2050sLO) to 35% (2080sHI). However, increasing potential growth rates (CO₂ × temperature) cause average sugar yields to rise by between 1.4 and 2 t ha^?1 (2050sLO and 2050sHI respectively). Yield variation (CV%) may increase from 15–18% (BASE) to 18–23% (2050s) and 19–25% (2080s). Differences are small between regions but large within regions because of soil variability. In future, sugar yields on sands (8 t ha^?1) are likely to increase by little (0.5–1.5 t ha^?1), but on loams yields are likely to increase from 11 to 13 t ha^?1 (2050sHI) and 15 t ha^?1 (2080sHI). Earlier sowing and later harvest are potential tools to compensate for drought‐related losses on sandy soils.