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201.
Summary Leaf cuttings without axillary buds were made from young vegetative beet plants. Roots were formed at the petiole end. Adventitious bud formation occurred at a very low frequency and could not be stimulated by application of growth regulators. Leaf cuttings with axillary buds formed plants at a higher frequency but development of buds into shoots was slow and irregular. As no vascular connections were found between petiole and axillary bud, the slow growth of the buds was attributed to insufficient supply of assimilates from the leaves. Axillary buds rapidly developed into shoots when petiole explants with buds were placed on culture media. Nearly all cultures, however, were contaminated with bacteria that originated from the inner tissue of the explants. 相似文献
202.
Solute Accumulation as a Cause for Quality Losses in Sugar Beet Submitted to Continuous and Temporary Drought Stress 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Adaptation to low water availability in sugar beet includes the accumulation of solutes relevant for the technical quality of the beet. Two sugar beet genotypes were grown in pot experiments under drought stress of different severity to study effects on taproot composition and concentration of solutes relevant for technical quality, reversibility of drought effects after re‐watering and genotypic differences in drought response. Differences in stress sensitivity between the genotypes were not observed as reductions in taproot and leaf dry weight and white sugar yield were the same. Increasing dry matter concentration with decreasing water supply could, in part, be attributed to an increase in the concentration of cell wall components. The major solutes in the taproot were sucrose, potassium, amino N (the sum of amino acids) and betaine. Sucrose concentration decreased considerably under drought, indicating limited availability of assimilates. In contrast, all further solutes increased in concentration with increasing severity of stress. However, the response of individual solutes varied largely. Changes in amino N and nitrate were most pronounced and probably reflect accumulation of non‐utilized metabolites under limited growth. The drought‐induced accumulation of taproot solutes implicates a considerable decrease in the technical quality of the beet. It was only in part reversible by re‐watering. Genotypic variability for solute accumulation under water deficiency was observed but was not linked to drought tolerance. 相似文献
203.
Olga E. Scholten Ritsert C. Jansen L. C. Paul Keizer Theo S. M. De Bock Wouter Lange 《Euphytica》1996,91(3):331-339
Summary Inheritance of resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) was studied in segregating F2 and backcross families obtained from crosses between resistant plants of the sugar beet selection Holly-1-4 or the wild beet accession Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima WB42 and susceptible parents. Greenhouse tests were carried out, in which seedlings were grown in a mixture of sand and infested soil. Virus concentrations of BNYVV in the rootlets were estimated by ELISA. To discriminate resistant and susceptible plants, mixtures of normal distributions were fitted to log10 virus concentrations, estimated for segregating F1, F2 and BC populations of both accessions. The hypothesis that Holly-1-4 contained one single dominant major gene was accepted. For WB42, results fitted with the hypotheses that resistance was based on either one (or more) dominant major gene(s) showing distorted segregation, or two complementary dominant genes, which are both required for resistance. Resistance from WB42 appeared to be more effective against BNYVV than resistance from Holly-1-4.This research was carried out as part of a PhD study at the Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences (EPS), Department of Virology, Wageningen, The Netherlands 相似文献
204.
Inter-relationships among cane yield and commercial cane sugar and their component traits in autumn plant crop of sugarcane 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Seventeen diverse clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) (7 early, 6 mid season and 4 late) were planted in October 1991 and
1992 in flooded (FE) and non flooded (NFE) environments for evaluation of cane yield, commercial cane sugar (CCS), internode
length, internode number, stalk length, stalk thickness (circumference), stalk number, sugar recovery, and stalk weight. Cane
yield showed significant positive phenotypic correlation coefficient (PCC) with stalk number in FE (P ≤ 0.05) and NFE (P ≤
0.01). Stalk length had a significant positive PCC with stalk weight in both environments, and with internode length in FE
(P ≤ 0.05). Commercial cane sugar also expressed significant positive PCC with cane yield in both environments (P ≤ 0.01),
but with stalk number only in NFE (P ≤ 0.05). Genotypic correlation coefficients were generally in the same direction as PCC
but higher in magnitude. In both environments, stalk number and stalk weight had relatively high positive direct effects on
cane yield. However, flooding tended to enhance the direct effect of stalk weight and diminish the direct effect of stalk
number on cane yield. Only cane yield and sugar recovery had high direct effects on CCS. Selection for improvement of cane
yield can be based on stalk number and stalk weight in both environments. High yielding clones can be further screened for
more sugar recovery to improve CCS.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
205.
In a study of variation in 13 enzymes occurring in B. nana, unique and invariant phenotypes were found for five of these enzymes, when compared with a range of other wild and cultivated beets. In similar comparisons unique alleles were found in B. nana for two other enzyme loci. For the remaining six enzymes B. nana was found to have variation and alleles which were common to other forms of beet. It is concluded that reliable markers for B. nana exist, and that this species represents a source of novel genes for sugar beet breeding. 相似文献
206.
Summary The objective was to study the genetic basis of bolting and stem length in sugar beet full-sibs, developed by a factorial mating design (N.C. design II). The extent to which the inheritance of these characters can be attributed to the additive and non-dominance variation was investigated. The genetic analysis consisted of three sets (4×10, 4×8, and 3×8) of progenies. Estimates of additive genetic variance (2
A) and variance due to dominance deviations with some fractions of epistatic variance (2
D) were obtained for both characters. Bolting had a relatively large proportion of total genetic variance accounted for by 2
A. In most cases, non-additive effects were also important in determining the type of gene action in bolting. Stem length showed similar genetic variation to bolting susceptibility. Bolting resistance seemed to be dominant to the bolting susceptibility in most cases. Narrow sense heritability estimated for bolting was generally very large (0.93 to 0.96), which suggests that early generation selection for bolting resistance in a sugar beet population would be successful. 相似文献
207.
208.
Summary Central Asian apricot germplasm was used in hybridizations with California adapted apricots to increase Brix levels and improve fresh eating quality. Fruit from parental trees, the F1 hybrid and two backcross families were evaluated for fruit quality traits and analyzed by HPLC for specific sugar content. The F1 hybrid between Central Asian and California adapted apricots was intermediate to its parents in many of the evaluated characteristics and levels of specific sugars. When the F1 hybrid was backcrossed to California adapted apricots ‘Lorna’ and ‘Robada,’ the resulting hybrids were diverse in Brix, juice acidity, fruit size and profiles of specific sugars. Glucose: fructose ratios higher that 3.3 were encountered in fruit from five of the 22 analyzed seedlings, and fructose: sorbitol ratio ranged from 0.67 to 6.46. Brix and total sugar content correlated significantly with each other and with both sucrose and glucose. No significant correlations existed between sorbitol and any of the other analyzed sugars, nor with Brix or total sugars. The results demonstrated the extent of sugar profile modification possible in California adapted apricots after just two generations of breeding with Central Asian apricot germplasm. 相似文献
209.
栎属4个树种秋冬叶色与生理变化的关系 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
为了研究栎类树种秋冬转色期叶色变化的生理机制,以栎属4个树种——鲜红栎(Quercus coccinea)、纳塔栎(Quercus nuttallii)、沈氏栎(Quercus shumardi)、针栎(Quercus palustris)为试材,测定其秋冬转色期叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花色素苷3种色素和可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量变化。结果表明:叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量均呈先快后慢的下降趋势;类胡萝卜素含量鲜红栎和沈氏栎呈现下降-上升-下降的趋势,其他2个树种呈平缓下降的趋势;花色素苷含量呈波动上升趋势;叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值变化趋势前中期较为平缓,后期迅速下降;鲜红栎的可溶性糖含量为单峰曲线,其他3个树种呈双峰曲线,与花色素苷相关性不显著;蛋白质含量与花色素苷含量呈正相关。 相似文献
210.
甜菜子叶期幼苗硝态氮吸收特性及其与硝酸还原酶活性的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
6个有代表性的甜菜品种在人工气候室的营养液培养试验表明,甜菜子叶期幼苗对NO3^-的吸收要经最初2h的适应阶段后才可均匀进行。均匀吸收后,观察到多倍体的吸收量〉2倍体,倍性相同品种中E型〉NE型〉NZ型〉Z型的初步结果。不同类型品种间NO3^-吸收的表观米氏常数(Km,app)、最大吸收速率(Im)有明显差异,除多倍体NZ型品种甜研301的Km,app较低而Im较高外,其余品种的Km,app和Im 相似文献