春播超甜玉米籽粒果皮厚度与可溶性总糖含量在灌浆期间的变化

试验对9个不同熟期的超甜玉米品种以授粉后不同时间采收果穗籽粒可溶性总糖含量进行测定,及对籽粒3个面的果皮厚度采用显微测微法进行测量与方差分析。结果表明:不同熟期的超甜玉米品种籽粒的3个面的果皮厚度在授粉后灌浆期间均出现相对独立的变化趋势,同时不同品种的可溶性总糖含量均在授粉后18～22 d出现了最大值,结合两者分析,春季播种的不同熟期超甜玉米适宜采摘期不同,早熟的超甜玉米品种鲜穗采摘期适宜在授粉后第18天左右,中熟超甜玉米品种鲜穗采摘期适宜在授粉后第20天左右,迟熟超甜玉米品种鲜穗采摘期适宜在授粉后第22天左右。     

国内糖价影响因素的多元线性逐步回归分析

通过分析国内食糖价格的变化趋势,并以2009年2月至2012年3月国内食糖均价的月度数据为因变量,构建多元线性逐步回归模型,得到国内食糖价格的主要影响因素,分别为:国际食糖均价、原油价格以及居民消费价格指数(CPI)。本文还对各影响因素进行了分析。     

不同产地西洋参主要活性成分检测与品质评价

为了了解不同产地西洋参的质量,应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法和分光光度法对不同产地西洋参有效成分进行测定和分析。结果表明,总皂苷、还原糖、总糖、氨基酸以及微量元素含量在不同产地西洋参中存在不同程度的差异。总皂苷含量从低到高的顺序依次为吉林抚松、山东文登、陕西留坝和加拿大多伦多样品,分别为3.12%、3.26%、3.44%和5.19%;留坝样品还原糖含量最高,为6.18%;多伦多样品总糖含量最高,为35.30%。各地西洋参样品微量元素存在差异,多伦多的铝、镁和钼含量最高,留坝的钙、钼、钾和硒含量较高,文登的钴、钾、锰、钠、铁、硒、锌、铝和镍含量较高。所有检测样品的重金属和有害元素含量均在国家对中药材的限定标准之内。     

大果沙棘杂交后代果实主要成分遗传变异倾向研究

本文以黑龙江省绥棱浆果研究所选育的"楚伊×蒙优1"、"楚伊×蒙优2"、"楚伊×蒙优3"、"楚伊×蒙优4"、"HS-21×蒙优1"、"HS-22×阿列伊"、"绥1×蒙优7"和"HS-20×阿列伊"8个大果沙棘杂交组合为研究对象,对杂交后代果实中糖、酸和黄色素成分的遗传变异倾向进行了初步研究.结果表明:以蒙古沙棘系列雄株为父本的杂交组合后代果实中糖含量呈低亲变异的趋向,以阿列伊为父本的杂交组合后代果实中糖含量在一定程度上呈高亲变异倾向.阿列伊作为父本优于蒙古沙棘系列雄株."高糖"母本楚伊杂交组合的F1代株系果实中糖含量均呈现出衰退趋势.8个沙棘杂交组合后代果实中酸含量呈现一定程度的高亲变异."HS-21×蒙优1"杂交组合后代果实中酸含量变异广泛.8个沙棘杂交组合后代果实中黄色素含量一定程度上亦呈高亲变异倾向.在"楚伊×蒙优4"杂交组合后代中进行选择,获得超亲株系的几率最大.     

低温处理对紫苏生理指标的影响

[目的]研究低温处理对紫苏生理指标的影响,确定造成紫苏叶片低温伤害的时间。[方法]将紫苏叶分别低温处理0、12、24、36、48和60 h,并测定其叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质及可溶性糖的含量,并考察2～5℃低温对紫苏叶片生理指标的影响,确定紫苏叶片低温伤害的时间。[结果]低温处理48 h能明显减少叶片中叶绿素的含量,而且低温处理60 h的叶绿素含量减少非常明显;低温处理48 h能明显减少叶片中可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量。[结论]低温处理超过48 h,紫苏就会受到伤害;低温处理时间达到60 h时,紫苏受到的伤害程度加重。     

丽蚜小蜂糖转运蛋白基因克隆及其诱导表达

丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa Gahan是粉虱类害虫的重要寄生性天敌昆虫，补充糖分等营养可以延长丽蚜小蜂寿命及增加其产卵量，但对其糖转运相关蛋白基因及其糖诱导表达尚不清楚。本研究克隆获得丽蚜小蜂的糖转运蛋白EfST1基因，与其他寄生蜂的糖转运蛋白基因序列同源性达65%以上；进一步采用实时荧光定量qPCR技术检测发现，饲喂不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液均可显著提高EfST1基因的表达量，且饲喂不同时间段（2～48 h）后，丽蚜小蜂EfST1基因表达量均显著高于对照组，2 h和48 h处理组间差异不显著。综上，EfST1基因可能与糖分补充及其转运密切相关，该基因诱导表达受糖分浓度影响小。研究结果为进一步研究寄生蜂生物防治过程中补充营养及其转运机制奠定基础。     

Sugar-Beet-Processing Lime as an Amendment for Low pH Soils

In the Red River Valley, about 385,000 Mg of lime is used to help refine about 39,000 Mg of sugar beets. In a greenhouse study, sugar-beet-processing lime (spent lime; SL), commercial ag lime (AL), and reagent-grade lime (RL) were added to an acidic soil at rates of 0, 1.96, 3.93, and 7.86 Mg ECC ha^?1. Wheat was planted, and aboveground biomass and root masses were determined after 44 d of growth. Soil pH increased the greatest with the highest lime application rates. Incorporation of lime uniformly increased soil pH in the pots, whereas with surface application, soil pH decreased with increasing depth. The SL yielded more aboveground soil biomass and root mass than the AL and RL. Use of SL for increasing soil pH and reducing exchangeable Al in acid soils would be a viable use for this industrial by-product.     

A Greenhouse Test for Screening Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris) for Resistance to Rhizoctonia Solani

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a serious plant pathogenic fungus, causing various types of damage to sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). In Europe, the disease is spreading and becoming a threat for the growing of this crop. Plant resistance seems to be the most practical and economical way to control the disease. Experiments were carried out to optimise a greenhouse procedure to screen plants of sugar beet for resistance to R. solani. In the first experiment, two susceptible accessions were evaluated for root and leaf symptoms, after being grown in seven different soil mixtures and inoculated with R. solani. The fungus infected all plants. It was concluded that leaf symptoms were not reliable for the rating of disease severity. Statistically significant differences between the soil mixtures were observed, and there were no significant differences between the two accessions. The two soil mixtures, showing the most severe disease symptoms, were selected for a second experiment, including both resistant and susceptible accessions. As in the first experiment, root symptoms were recorded using a 1–7 scale, and a significant expression of resistance was observed. The average severity of the disease in the greenhouse experiment generally was comparable with the infection in field experiments, and the ranking of the accessions was the same in the two types of experiments. It was concluded that evaluation procedures in the greenhouse could be used as a rapid assay to screen sugar beet plants for resistance to R. solani.     

Production and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of beet mild yellowing luteovirus and related strains

A sugar-beet-infecting isolate of beet mild yellowing luteovirus (BMYV), and aBrassica-infecting isolate of beet western yellows luteovirus (BWYV) were used to produce monoclonal antibodies for epidemiological studies with BMYV and related field strains. Thirty-four monoclonal antibodies were tested for their reaction with 9 luteoviruses in triple-antibody-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One (MAFF 24) is now routinely used in the UK for detecting BMYV and BWYV in plants and aphids, although it does not discriminate between them. Heterologous reactions were detected between some of the monoclonal antibodies and potato leafroll virus (PLRV), bean leafroll virus (BLRV) and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-RPV). 38% of antibodies raised to BWYV reacted with PLRV compared with 4% of those raised to BMYV. Monoclonal antibodies were produced which distinguished a sugar-beet-infecting isolate of BMYV with differing host range and serological properties from the commonly-occurring field strain.