Effects of Deficit Drip Irrigation Ratios on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Yield and Fibre Quality

Increasing irrigation costs and declining water availability compel producers to adapt irrigation strategies for maximum crop yield and water use efficiency. A field trial was conducted to observe the effects of various drip irrigation ratios (IR-0, IR-25, IR-50, IR-75 and IR-100) on water use efficiency (WUE), the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), lint yield, yield components and fibre quality at two upland cotton varieties during 2004 and 2005. WUE was found to increase from 0.62 to 0.71 kg m⁻³ as the irrigation water applied was reduced from 100 % to 75 % of soil water depletion. Deficit irrigation of cotton with drip irrigation at 75 % treatment level (IR-75) did not decrease seed cotton yield and yield components during 2 years, with the exception of the number of bolls in 2005. Among fibre quality parameters, no significant differences in fibre length, fineness, uniformity index and elongation were detected between the 100 % and 75 % irrigation levels in 2005. The results revealed that irrigation of cotton with a drip irrigation method at 75 % level had significant benefits in terms of saved irrigation water without reducing yield, and high WUE indicated a definitive advantage of employing deficit irrigation under limited water supply conditions.     

光照、温度和盐胁迫对红花大金元种子萌发的影响

从光照、温度、NaCl胁迫等方面对红花大金元种子萌发特性进行了探讨.结果表明:光照对红花大金元种子萌发有显著促进作用;种子萌发的适宜温度为25～30℃,以25℃的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数最高且萌发后的幼苗生长良好;NaCl胁迫对红花大金元种子萌发和幼苗生长均有抑制作用:随NaCl浓度升高,种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗生长量均下降,发芽的高峰期推迟且峰值变小,相对盐害率升高;浓度大于0.20 mol/L时对种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用明显,浓度达到0.50mol/L时种子不再发芽,但低浓度(0.01 mol/L和0.05mol/L)下种子发芽势、发芽率与对照差异不显著.     

小麦抗白粉病基因来源及抗性评价的研究进展

小麦白粉病是小麦生产的主要病害之一,应用抗病品种是防治该病十分经济、有效的措施。目前为止,小麦基因组中有41个位点的56个抗白粉病基因被标记和作图。本文详细叙述了小麦抗白粉病基因的来源及抗病基因利用,旨在为我国抗小麦白粉病分子育种提供参考。     

D-精氨酸对渗透胁迫下水稻幼苗多胺含量和抗旱性的影响

摘要：以 ‘湘早籼32号’和 ‘旱116’为材料,研究渗透胁迫下外源D-Arg对水稻幼苗多胺含量和抗旱性的影响。结果表明,渗透胁迫下,外源D-Arg明显抑制水稻幼苗相对干重增长率和根系中Put、Spd和Spm含量的升高,而对株高相对增长率影响不明显。外源D-Arg+Put明显促进幼苗相对干重增长率和根系中Put、Spd和Spm含量的升高,且促进株高相对增长率的增加。表明,外源D-Arg不利于水稻幼苗抗旱性的提高,且Put能逆转D-Arg的抑制效应。     

Atfad8叶绿体转基因烟草对冷胁迫的生理响应

摘 要：采用5℃低温处理,研究Atfad8叶绿体转基因烟草对冷胁迫的生理响应。结果表明:随着低温胁迫时间的延长,烟草幼苗的丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈增加趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先上升后下降。 Atfad8叶绿体转基因烟草的MDA含量明显低于对照植株,而抗氧化酶活性明显高于对照植株。Atfad8基因的导入提高了烟草幼苗的耐冷害能力。     

NaCl胁迫对塔河下游铃铛刺种子萌发的影响及生理效应

通过9个浓度水平的盐溶液对塔河下游铃铛刺种子的萌发进行胁迫试验,分析铃铛刺萌发体内丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和游离脯氨酸(Pro)4个生理指标随盐浓度的变化特征。研究结果表明:随着盐胁迫的增加,POD和SOD活性变化不大,Pro含量呈现先上升后下降趋势,而MDA含量变化规律不明显;与对照水平(0 mol/L NaCl)相比,POD和SOD表现出较高的酶活性;Pro含量在NaCl溶液浓度为0.2 mol/L时达到最高值,而MDA的含量降低到最低值。该研究结果可为塔里木河下游受损生态系统的恢复、重建提供参考和理论依据。     

水分胁迫对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响研究

采用人工控制水分的方法,研究玉米生长发育和产量形成对水分胁迫的响应。研究结果表明：干旱胁迫导致玉米生长发育缓慢和减产程度的大小,因胁迫时期、胁迫程度及持续时间而不同。干旱胁迫对株高的抑制作用：拔节孕穗期>抽雄吐丝期>苗期,其中苗期株高在复水后得到了超补偿。受水分胁迫影响穗重、穗粒重和穗粒数都呈减少的趋势,变化幅度为穗粒数>穗重>穗粒重,不同生育期干旱胁迫处理的减产幅度为抽雄吐丝期>拔节孕穗期>苗期。苗期、拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期减产程度分别达到30%、70%和90%以上。     

草本园林植物耐盐性研究进展

本文分别对草本园林植物在盐胁迫下植物的形态指标和生理生化指标的反应进行了概述,探求不同植物在盐分胁迫下的适应表现如何,并进一步评价了植物耐盐品种在盐碱地对丰富园林景观起到的作用,以便为盐碱地园林植物景观的建设提供参考,对能够满足于园林绿地景观评价指标体系的构建具有现实意义。     

Assessment of partial resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat varieties

Field trials in two cropping seasons and two locations in central China were conducted on 60 Chinese autumn‐sown wheat varieties to assess their partial resistance to powdery mildew. Mean levels of disease severity ranged from close to 0 to more than 90%. The method of inoculation and the location in which trials were conducted affected the relative performance of the varieties, but these effects were much smaller than the main effect of variety. The area under the disease progress curve was highly correlated with final disease severity, but both were poorly correlated with apparent infection rate. Disease severity was regressed against frequencies of virulence in the Blumeria graminis (syn. Erysiphe graminis) f sp. tritici populations in the trial plots. A vertical distance (D) from the mean mildew severity to the fitted line was calculated for each variety and was used to quantify partial resistance. Five of the 60 varieties, ‘Hx8541’, ‘E28547’, ‘Chuan1066’, ‘Zhe88pin6’ and ‘Lin5064’, consistently expressed relatively low levels of disease despite high frequencies of virulence in the pathogen and had consistently high D‐values. They may therefore have good levels of partial resistance.     

陆地棉抗病虫性和一些重要经济性状之间的相互影响

1996～1998年,分别在自然病圃、人工病圃、网室和温室对19份陆地棉品系的抗病虫性和经济性状进行了全面鉴定。结果表明,这些陆地棉品系对不同病虫害的抗性相互之间存在高度正相关。其抗性、产量和品质主要指标之间也存在密切的正向或负向相关关系。在育种中如能协调好这些重要性状的相互关系,就能培育出高产、优质和兼抗病虫的棉花新品种。