新型马铃薯低酒度饮品的研制

研究了发酵型马铃薯饮料的加工工艺和最佳配方。实验结果表明,最佳糖化工艺:95℃,pH为600,耐高温α淀粉酶添加量为15μ·g-1,液化60min后,降温60℃,pH值调整为450,添加糖化酶150μ·g-1,糖化40h。利用中性蛋白酶分解,添加05%酵母25℃发酵120h,经过滤或不经过滤调配后,制得营养丰富的低酒精度饮品。     

Late nitrogen fertilization affects carbohydrate mobilization in wheat

An experiment was carried out to determine how the late application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer affects the use of pre‐anthesis carbon reserves during the grain‐filling period of pot‐grown wheat with no water shortage. Increasing doses (equivalent to 0, 140, and 180 kg N ha^–1) of N fertilizer were applied, either in two amendments (stages GS20 and GS30) or in three amendments (stages GS20, GS30, and GS37, according to Zadoks scale). The management of fertilizer by combining an increased N rate with late N application was able to stimulate canopy development, to raise photosynthetic capacity and carbohydrate accumulation during the vegetative stages, and to increase grain yield. Based on the dynamics of carbohydrate accumulation in the ear, three phases were differentiated during the grain‐filling period, whose temporary pattern remained stable regardless of the fertilizer management. The net remobilization of carbohydrates started 12 d after anthesis from the leaves and 28 d after anthesis from roots and stems. The increase of the N dose with late N application allowed on one hand a lower use of the pre‐anthesis carbon reserves in favor of greater de novo photosynthesis during the grain‐filling period, and on the other hand greater relative contribution of the leaf and ear C reserves to remobilization towards the grain. Further splitting the dose increased only the relative contribution of ear C reserves. The stem contribution seemed to be independent of N applied whereas the root contribution tended to diminish with late N application.     

Application of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for the detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in crucifer seeds using immunofluorescence microscopy

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (PCAs and MCAs) were tested for the detection ofXanthomonas campestris pv.campestris (Xcc) in cabbage seeds using immunofluorescence microscopy (IF). It was concluded that PCA 94, MCAs 20H6, 2F4, 18G12 and a mixture of MCAs 20H6, 18G12, 2F4 and 16B5 could be used to detect Xcc in seed extracts when 5 min and 2.5 h shaking of seeds are used as extraction methods. The reliability of confirming suspect colonies with MCAs and PCA 94 in IF depended in part on the seed lot tested and the antibody used. Some virulent Xcc strains derived from seed lots, did not react with MCAs 10C5, 2F4, 18G12, 17C12 and 16B5. On the other hand, saprophytic isolates obtained from one seed lot cross-reacted with MCA 17C12 and to a lesser extent with MCAs 2F4, 18G12 and PCA 94. No relationship was found between IF-reactions of Xcc strains using MCAs and reactions of Xcc strains in pathogenicity testing. Xcc andX. c. pv.amoraciae (Xca) could in general not be distinguished on the basis of reactions with MCAs and PCAs. Also in pathogenicity tests Xcc and Xca were hard to distinguish.     

Contribution of a straw bedding to digestible nutrient intake of pigs fed diets based on either native or pregelatinized potato starch

In a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 16 groups of 12 pigs were assigned to one of two housing systems (straw bedding, S vs. Barren, B) and to one of two starch types (native, N vs. pregelatinized potato starch, P, each included at 35%) to study effects on apparent faecal digestible nutrient intakes. Intake of straw from bedding material was estimated, using several markers, and results are discussed. Straw intake of the S-pigs was estimated between 143 and 234 g DM/d for P-pigs and between 96 and 156 g DM/d for N-pigs, depending on the method used. Nutrient digestibility was reduced in N-pigs when compared with P-pigs. Intake of digestible dry matter, energy, starch and ADF was increased in S-pigs, but the intake of digestible protein was reduced. Despite greatly reduced nutrient digestibility in S-pigs, additional digestible nutrient intake due to housing on a straw bedding can be considerable.     

高速剪切辅助碱法从龙眼核中提取淀粉的研究

以龙眼核为原料,采用高速剪切辅助碱法提取龙眼核淀粉。根据单因素试验和正交试验的结果,结合实际生产情况,确定龙眼核淀粉的最佳提取条件为剪切速率3 000 r/min,溶液p H值9,料液比1∶20,提取时间30 min,淀粉得率可以达到25.12%。与传统碱法相比,高速剪切辅助碱法得率高、提取时间短、对环境相对友好,是一种值得开发的新型淀粉提取方法。     

食用氯化钠替代明矾在马铃薯粉丝(条)中的应用

通过改变马铃薯粉丝(条)生产工艺参数,用食用氯化钠(食盐)替代明矾,达到或超过传统工艺马铃薯粉丝(条)产品所具有的透明、耐煮、不断条、不浑汤、不黏连、口感筋道等特性。     

低温层积过程中圆齿野鸦椿种子的生理生化变化

通过对不同层积时间圆齿野鸦椿种子萌发及其生理生化变化情况的研究,得出种皮对圆齿野鸦椿种子萌发具有很强的机械障碍,仅通过低温层积不能完全解除种皮的机械障碍.低温层积配合60℃温水浸种能够有效解除休眠.同时通过实验发现,当采取播前温水处理打破种皮机械障碍时,以低温层积90～120 d为宜,层积时间过长会导致萌发率降低.通过实验,对低温层积不同时间的圆齿野鸦椿种子生理生化变化情况进行测定,结果表明:随着层积时间增加,可溶性糖含量与G-6-PDH和6-PGDH联合酶活性波动上升,而淀粉含量波动下降.说明种子内含物质相互转化,逐步解除休眠,同时种子呼吸代谢中戊糖磷酸途径所占比重上升.POD活性先逐渐上升,在120 d后活性下降,笔者认为这可能是导致层积120 d后种子萌发率降低的主要原因.     

部分和完全糊化淀粉在贮藏过程中结晶性的比较

以籼米和糯米淀粉为原料,经部分和完全糊化后,在25℃下贮藏3 d,及在4℃和-18℃下贮藏14 d过程中,测定其结晶度的变化。结果表明,与0 d的样品相比,在4℃下,部分和完全糊化籼米淀粉结晶度分别增加了13.60%和12.53%,而部分和完全糊化糯米淀粉结晶度分别增加了8.45%和6.60%;在-18℃下,部分和完全糊化籼米淀粉结晶度分别增加了11.75%和9.77%,而部分和完全糊化糯米淀粉结晶度分别增加了4.61%和2.75%;在25℃下,部分和完全糊化籼米淀粉结晶度分别增加了7.97%和6.08%,而部分和完全糊化糯米淀粉结晶度仅分别增加了2.68%和1.05%。综合结果表明,部分糊化的淀粉表现出较快的结晶速率;在4℃下贮藏,部分和完全糊化淀粉的结晶速率较快,-18℃次之,25℃最慢。     

硫磺、硫酸锌、硼砂施用量与玉米淀粉含量关系的研究

采用二次回归通用旋转组合试验设计,分析硫磺、硫酸锌、硼砂不同施用量对高淀粉玉米淀粉含量的影响。结果表明：硫磺、硫酸锌与玉米淀粉含量的关系符合二次曲线,硼砂与淀粉含量为正的线性关系;单独施用时,硫磺和硫酸锌降低淀粉含量,硼砂增加淀粉含量;硫磺与硫酸锌存在正向互作,与硼砂存在负向互作;硫酸锌与硼砂不存在互作。淀粉含量高于76.39%的施肥方案是硫磺、硫酸锌、硼砂用量分别为6.39～31.56、8.2～32.0、22.4～28.5 kg/hm2。     

响应面法高纯度碎粳米淀粉提取工艺的优化及中试研究

为了优化碎粳米淀粉的碱法提取条件,采用Box-Benhnken的中心组合试验设计及响应面分析方法,研究了提取温度、碱液浓度以及提取时间3因素对碎粳米淀粉中蛋白质残留量的影响,得出了碎粳米淀粉提取效果的回归模型。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:提取温度31.3℃,碱液质量分数0.37%,提取时间20.4 h,料液比1∶5;在此优化工艺条件下,通过中试放大试验,粳米淀粉产品指标为:淀粉纯度达91.04%,蛋白质残留量仅为0.212%,淀粉得率达59.2%,为碎粳米淀粉的工业化生产提供了理论依据。