四川稻麦两熟区中稻田连作秋大豆规范化栽培技术

根据“系统工程最佳模拟配合”原理,运用二次回归正交组合设计方法,研究了在四川生态区条件下稻麦两熟中稻田连作秋大豆高产高交规范化栽培主要可鬼斧神工因子（育苗期、移栽密度、施肥量）的优化组合技术。建立了高产高效两组数学模式;明确了3个可控因素的决策变量顺序及其最高产量、最佳效益的关系;优选了秋大豆100－125kg/667m^2、125kg/667m^2及净产值400元／667m^2以上的技术组合方案。     

大豆抗营养因子对生长蛋鸡生产性能、氮代谢和小肠内胰蛋白酶活性的影响

为了观察不同梯度大豆抗营养因子（Ａｎｔｉｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓ、简称ＡＮＦｓ）对不同生理阶段的生长蛋鸡的影响,本试验采用４８０只海兰褐蛋用雏鸡,以熟豆饼日粮为对照,从３或９周开始给饲３个水平的生大豆日粮（４％,９％和１３％）,每期每个日粮４个重复。在３～８周和９～１８周观察雏鸡的采食量,日增重和饲料效率。在第８和１７周分别测定各组的粗蛋白质和干物质的代谢率。并于８、１３和１８周末每个重复随机抽取试鸡两只屠宰,观察小肠内胰蛋白酶活性的变化。结果表明,３个水平的大豆ＡＮＦｓ对育雏期雏鸡的增重没有影响,育成期对照组的增重明显高于采食生大豆组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,大豆ＡＮＦｓ使饲料效率降低,但对氮和干物质的代谢影响不显著;８、１３和１８周龄雏鸡小肠内胰蛋白酶活性亦无显著变化。     

膳食纤维柿果果冻的研制

以陕西彬州尖顶柿和临潼火晶柿为材料,采用低温冷冻脱涩,基于脱涩时间、脱涩后柿果中的单宁、VC、黄酮、总糖含量,筛选出以陕西彬州尖顶柿为果冻制作材料。通过单因素和正交试验,确定柿果营养果冻的最佳配方为：以100 g果冻为基准,柿果汁添加量24%,魔芋精粉添加量0.8%,白砂糖添加量7%,柠檬酸添加量0.16%。采用该工艺参数制得的果冻膳食纤维含量达到3.82 g/100 g,可用“膳食纤维来源或含有膳食纤维”来声称,此研究旨在为柿果资源的开发利用提供技术参考。     

Genetic loci and candidate genes with pleiotropic effects for tofu and soymilk weights across multiple environments in soybean (Glycine max)

Soybean provides large amounts of protein for human, and the most popular consumption pattern is tofu and soymilk. Recently, the demand of tofu and soymilk is increased, and the breeding of special variety becomes very urgent. To illustrate the genetic basis of these traits, 269 accessions were evaluated under six environments, and 32 associated SNPs were identified on nine chromosomes across multiple environments or conferring diverse traits. Of these SNPs, 16 were demonstrated by BLUP values. Seven adjacent-SNPs were first identified to associate with tofu and soymilk weights in an 1.02-Mb region on chromosome 8, which were verified by BLUP-values. Meanwhile, four neighbouring SNPs in a 0.32-Mb region on chromosome 12 were first identified to associate with these traits across multiple environments, of which three were detected in BLUP values. Furthermore, some candidate genes, that is, α-glucan water dikinase Glyma.08G283700 and E3 SUMO-protein ligase Glyma.12G071300, were screened out with differential expressions between the high- and low-tofu/soymilk-output accessions. Thus, these associated SNPs and candidate genes provide new insight into the genetic basis of tofu and soymilk processing quality in soybean.     

Dietary linseed supplementation improves meat quality and flavor of sheep by altering muscle fiber characteristics and antioxidant capacity

Linseed as a common oil crop that has been implicated in regulating the meat quality of animals. The aim of this investigation was to establish the effects of dietary linseed supplementation on carcass traits, meat quality, muscle fiber characteristics, volatile compounds and antioxidant capacity of sheep. Twenty-four Sunit sheep were distributed into 2 groups with different diet: control (CO) fed a standard diet and linseed (LS, 8% of extruded linseed). The results showed that linseed not only increased M. longissimus thoracis (LT) increased the loin-eye area but also decreased pH24h, L* and shear force. Meanwhile, linseed increased mRNA expression of MyHCI and MyHCIIx and decreased in cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle fiber diameter. In addition, linseed altered the composition of meat volatile flavor compounds, such as Z-10-Pentadecen-1-ol, pentanal, 2-Octenal, (E)-, decanal, butane, and 2-heptanone. Moreover, linseed increased total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) activity, the mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Overall, the results suggest that linseed is an effective feed additive in improving meat quality and flavor. The underlying mechanisms for its effectiveness may be partly due to a change in muscle fiber characteristics and antioxidant capacity.     

油菜秸秆纤维混凝土抗冻性能的试验研究

将处理后的油菜秸秆纤维切成10 ~ 15 mm、>15 ~ 20 mm、>20 ~ 25 mm、>25 ~ 30 mm等4种长度,以体积掺量分别为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%掺入混凝土中,进行冻融循环试验,观察油菜秸秆纤维混凝土冻融循环25、50、75、100次的表观形貌,测定其质量和动弹性模量,研究油菜秸秆纤维长度和体积掺量对混凝土抗冻性能的影响,并对油菜秸秆纤维混凝土的使用寿命进行预测。结果表明：当油菜秸秆纤维长度>15 ~ 20 mm、体积掺量为0.2%时,混凝土的抗剥落能力最强,冻融循环100次后,其相对动弹性模量最大,为93.1%,较普通混凝土的提高34.4%,抗冻性能最佳;威布尔分布模型和一元二次函数模型均能较好地反映油菜秸秆纤维混凝土的冻融损伤过程,一元二次函数模型的拟合精度均大于0.98;仅考虑冻融劣化作用,抗冻性能最佳组的油菜秸秆纤维混凝土的使用寿命约为普通混凝土的2.4倍,在哈尔滨使用寿命可达16.7 a、拉萨可达17.3 a、石家庄可达36.7 a、长沙可达136.1 a、上海可达189.3 a。     

模拟干热浪导致大豆症青的实证研究

近年来我国黄淮海夏大豆产区频繁出现症青,严重威胁本地的大豆生产。本研究通过人工气候室模拟干热浪胁迫,在大豆花荚期（R2-R4）进行持续3 d和7 d的干热胁迫处理,探究干热浪与大豆症青之间的关联性。研究结果表明：大豆盛花期遭遇持续3 d的模拟干热浪处理后,大豆植株生长正常,而持续7 d的处理则导致部分大豆植株出现症青。进一步的研究证实,从盛花期（R2期）到盛荚期（R4期）任何一个阶段遭遇连续7 d的模拟干热浪胁迫,都会导致大豆植株有效荚数和正常粒数严重下降,其中有效荚数降幅顺序为R3（85.14%）>R2（62.12%）>R4（50.97%）,正常粒数降幅顺序为R3（81.02%）>R2（60.00%）>R4（56.32%）。因此,结荚初期（R3）持续7 d的模拟干热浪胁迫可导致大豆症青发生。同时提出,将大豆症青划分为荚而不实型、无荚型、局部型和全株滞育型四种类型。建议用底部节位新叶再生和花芽再分化现象进行大豆症青的早期诊断。     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测大豆植株及土壤中烟嘧磺隆、莠去津及其代谢物残留

土壤中烟嘧磺隆和莠去津的高残留往往会导致后茬大豆药害问题。本研究建立了一种分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测大豆植株及土壤中烟嘧磺隆、莠去津及其代谢物残留方法。样品经含2%甲酸的乙腈提取, 经分散固相萃取净化, 以乙腈和0.2%甲酸水为流动相, 采用Poroshell 120 EC-C18色谱柱梯度洗脱, 基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量分析。结果表明:在0.01、0.10 mg/kg和1.00 mg/kg添加水平下, 烟嘧磺隆、莠去津及其代谢物的平均回收率为70%~113%, 相对标准偏差为0.3%~11.8%, 目标化合物质量浓度与对应的峰面积之间在0.001~1 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好, 决定系数R2≥0.984 1, 方法的定量限为0.01 mg/kg。该方法简便、快捷、准确, 适用于土壤和幼苗期至鼓粒期大豆植株中烟嘧磺隆、莠去津及其代谢物的检测。本研究为烟嘧磺隆和莠去津的科学使用及后茬作物的安全种植提供有效监测方法。     

大豆联合收获机对称可调式凹板筛设计与试验

针对传统大豆联合收获机脱粒间隙调整方法单一、田间作业时工作参数与作物适应性差,导致大豆破碎率、未脱净率和夹带损失率较高的问题,该研究设计了一种对称可调式凹板筛,实现双侧脱粒间隙可调,并对其间隙调整量进行了确定。以大豆联合收获机的前进速度、滚筒转速、脱粒段脱粒间隙、分离段脱粒间隙为影响因素,以大豆破碎率、未脱净率和夹带损失率为评价指标进行四因素三水平响应面试验,利用Desigen-Expert 12.0对田间试验结果进行响应面分析,研究不同影响因素对评价指标的影响规律。结果表明,在前进速度为3.3 km/h、前滚筒转速为500 r/min、后滚筒转速为650 r/min、脱粒段脱粒间隙19 mm和分离段脱粒间隙15 mm的参数组合下,采用对称可调式凹板筛的破碎率为2.69%,未脱净率为0.57%,夹带损失率为0.13%,相较于现有的竖直调节式凹板筛,破碎率、未脱净率和夹带损失率分别降低了0.46%、0.71%、0.55%,对称可调式凹板筛的各项指标均优于现有的竖直调节式凹板筛。研究结果可为南方地区大豆联合收获机差速脱粒分离装置的调节以及自适应调节系统的研究提供参考。