植物品种权价值链演化模式与案例分析

植物品种权价值链模式并非一成不变,而是随着外部环境的变化和企业的成长,从一种模式演化为另一种更高级、更适应环境的模式。文章阐述了植物品种权价值链演化的概念与特征,总结了植物品种权价值链演化的3种模式,并对每种演化模式的优缺点、适用条件及典型案例进行了分析,期望不断提升我国种子企业的国际竞争力。     

重度火烧对大兴安岭落叶松天然林土壤团聚体有机碳和黑碳的影响

为了揭示重度火烧对大兴安岭落叶松天然林土壤团聚体有机碳(SOC)和黑碳(BC)的影响,本文选取大兴安岭落叶松天然林重度火烧迹地为研究对象,并以未火烧落叶松天然林为对照,进行相关研究。结果表明:1)重度火烧明显增加表层土壤有机碳和黑碳含量。和对照样地相比,重度火烧迹地0~5 cm层全土有机碳增加了41.56%,黑碳增加了123.69%,黑碳含量增加显著(P0.05)。2)重度火烧明显增加了0~5 cm层的5 mm和0.25 mm团聚体比例,降低了0.25~5 mm团聚体比例。3)对照样地相比,重度火烧显著提高了0~5 cm土层内的5 mm和0.053 mm团聚体有机碳含量(P0.05),增幅达177.6%和127.27%。而0.25~2 mm团聚体有机碳含量在3个土层内较对照均有不同程度的降低。2种林地类型各粒径团聚体有机碳含量表现为随粒径增大而增加,随土层深度的增加而降低的趋势。4)团聚体中黑碳含量的分布规律与有机碳相似。重度火烧迹地0~5 cm层的5 mm、2~5 mm、0.053~0.25 mm、0.053 mm团聚体黑碳含量分别增加了4.92、4.19、1.06、0.44 g/kg,与对照之间的差异均达显著水平(P0.05);5)2种林地土壤团聚体BC/SOC比值在0.05~0.41之间,且重度火烧显著增加了BC/SOC比值(P0.05)。相关分析表明,各粒径团聚体有机碳和黑碳含量显著线性相关。      

咸淡水分配比例对盐碱土壤水分入渗特征与脱盐效果的影响

以黄河三角洲重度盐碱化土壤为研究土样,在室内对其进行垂直一维积水入渗试验,研究5种咸淡水分配比例下累积入渗量、湿润锋深度和入渗率随时间的变化规律及灌溉后土壤脱盐深度、脱盐率。结果表明:(1)首轮微咸水入渗结束后,第二轮淡水灌溉的过程中,在同一时间,与全部微咸水灌溉相比,累积入渗量、湿润峰深度和入渗率均产生了明显的下降,并且淡水灌水量越多,下降的幅度越大,但其仍显著大于全部淡水灌溉;(2)累积入渗量与湿润锋深度呈良好的线性关系,回归方程的决定系数R2均大于0.99;与Green-Ampt模型和Philip模型相比,Kostiakov公式更适于描述入渗率与时间的关系;(3)咸淡水分配比例对土壤脱盐深度影响较小,但对脱盐深度内的脱盐率影响显著,在一定深度范围内,咸、淡水先后灌溉下土壤脱盐率远远大于全部微咸水灌溉,与全部淡水灌溉差异较小,但随着土层深度的继续增加,其土壤脱盐率明显小于全部淡水灌溉,与全部微咸水灌溉基本一致。     

人工肝联合凉血解毒化瘀方治疗重型乙肝疗效观察

目的 评价人工肝支持系统联合中药凉血解毒化瘀方治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的疗效。方法 根据患者病情采用本院开展的不同模式人工肝支持系统（血浆置换联合血浆灌流、胆红素吸附联合血浆置换、双重血浆吸附联合血浆置换、分子吸附再循环）联合凉血解毒化瘀方治疗46例慢性乙型重型肝炎,30例对照组仅给予基础疗法加人工肝支持系统治疗。结果 两组患者治疗后临床症状、肝功能、凝血酶原活动度、血氨明显改善,治疗组优于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗组46例患者中临床治愈9例,显效25例,有效6例,无效3例,死亡3例,总有效率86.96%,优于对照组,随访半年存活率与对照组有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 人工肝支持系统是治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的有效手段,联合凉血解毒化瘀方中西医结合疗法可提高临床疗效,降低患者病死率。     

Combining long‐acting bronchodilators with different mechanisms of action: A pharmacological approach to optimize bronchodilation of equine airways

The ultra long‐acting β₂‐adrenoceptor agonist olodaterol plus the ultra long‐acting muscarinic antagonist tiotropium bromide are known to relax equine airways. In human bronchi combining these drugs elicits a positive interaction, thus we aimed to characterize this information further in equine isolated airways stimulated by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and using the Concentration‐Reduction Index (CRI) and Combination Index (CI) equations. The drugs were administered alone and together by reproducing ex vivo the concentration‐ratio delivered by the currently available fixed‐dose combination (1:1). The single agents elicited a significant (p  < .05) concentration‐dependent reduction in the EFS‐induced contractility, that was synergistically improved (CI 0.18) when administered in combination (0.9 logarithms more potent, 24% more effective than the monocomponents). The drugs mixture allowed a reduction in the concentration of olodaterol from ?1 to ?2.3 logarithms. A favorable CRI was detected also for tiotropium bromide, whose concentration can be reduced ?1 logarithm at medium effect levels, remaining positive up to submaximal relaxant effect in the presence of olodaterol. The combination of tiotropium bromide/olodaterol allows the reduction in the concentration of the monocomponents to achieve airway smooth muscle relaxation, thus potentially decreases the risk of adverse events when these drugs are used to treat severe asthmatic horses.     

一起超范围使用农药导致葡萄减产的农业司法鉴定案例分析

在葡萄种植生产过程中,农户因没有按照农药使用标识正确使用农药而对葡萄生长造成影响、损害树体,双方当事人对使用农药与造成葡萄减产的因果关系以及葡萄的损失程度存在分歧,委托鉴定部门进行技术鉴定和损失评估。根据国家相关法规,结合多年的实际工作经验,划分出相应的责任,并对葡萄的不同生长期和不同价值体现方式,采用相应的评估方法作出初步探讨。     

Comparative detection of mild strains of potato spindle tuber viroid from the dormant potato tubers by Return-polyacrylamiee gel electrophoresis and nucleic acid hybridization

Summary Using a modified procedure of Return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (R-PAGE) mild strains of potato spindle tuber viroid (M-PSTV) were detected reliably from dormant tubers. The sensitivity of R-PAGE detection of M-PSTV was equivalent to that of nucleic acid hybridization. Both methods detected M-PSTV when infected tissue was mixed with healthy tissue in a ratio of 1 to 100. When extracted nucleic acid was diluted with buffer, R-PAGE detected PSTV at a dilution of 1:256 and nucleic hybridization only up to 1:64 PSTV was readily detected from 18 potato cultivars. In addition, mild, ‘intermediate’ and severe strains were separated by R-PAGE, on the basis of their mobility on the electrophorogram.     

重度修剪对杧果畸形病的防控研究

杧果畸形病是国际上为害杧果生产的一种严重病害,无有效化学药剂可以控制,也未发现抗病品种。目前,此病在攀枝花市零星种植或失管的杧果园发病较为严重,成片的杧果基地也有零星发生,且呈蔓延扩展趋势。国内有关杧果畸形病病原鉴定方面的报道较多,但无田间防治研究的报道。本文采取重度回缩修剪、结合其他措施对杧果畸形病进行防控研究。结果表明,与修剪处理前相比,处理1第1年发病率降低64.4%,单株产量增加10.28 kg;第2年发病率降低60.1%,单株产量增加36.31 kg;第3年发病率降低79.2%,单株产量增加28.79 kg。处理2第1年发病率降低71.6%,单株产量增加6.89 kg;第2年发病率降低62.8%,单株产量增加29.94 kg;第3年发病率降低84.5%,单株产量增加25.17kg。     

Roles of raccoons in the transmission cycle of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus

The present study investigated severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection in raccoons in Wakayama Prefecture from 2007 to 2019. To perform surveillance, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established, and the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 100% in comparison with a 50% focus-reduction neutralization assay. Using the established ELISA, we performed serosurveillance of SFTSV infection in 2,299 raccoons in Tanabe region, Wakayama Prefecture from 2007 to 2019. The first anti-SFTSV-positive raccoon was captured in October 2009. The seroprevalence of SFTSV infection was <10% between April 2009 and March 2013, 23.9% between April 2013 and March 2014, 37.5% between April, 2014 and March 2015, and over 50% from April 2015. Next, we performed detection of SFTSV genes in sera of raccoons captured in Wakayama Prefecture after April 2013. The results indicated that 2.4% of raccoons were positive for SFTSV genes and that the frequency of SFTSV infection among raccoons between January and March (0.7%) was lower than that between April and June (3.4%). In addition, virus genes were detected from many specimens, including sera and feces of two raccoons, and viral antigens were detected in lymphoid cells in lymphoid follicles in the colon by immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, SFTSV had recently invaded the area and had rapidly spread among wild animals. The first patient in this area was reported in June 2014, indicating that raccoons are good sentinels for assessing the risk of SFTSV in humans.     

广西现代特色林业示范区规划技术方法与实践案例研究

近年来,广西通过现代特色林业示范区建设为抓手,林业产业高质量发展取得明显成效。现代特色林业示范区规划采用的技术方法是否规范化对示范区的可持续发展具有重要作用,本文通过梳理近年来广西现代特色林业示范区规划编制经验,结合广西现代特色林业示范区建设的总目标、总要求及相关验收指标,从规划过程、规划编制内容体系、技术方法等多维度提出了现代特色林业示范区规划编制方法,并通过实践案例加以阐述。为今后示范区规划以及同类型林业发展规划编制提供科学参考。