感应式高压静电喷头雾滴荷电效果影响因素分析

为研究如何在有限的充电电压下获得良好的雾滴荷电效果,首先建立了雾滴荷电过程的等效模型,对影响雾滴荷电效果的关键性参数进行理论推导;然后采取圆环形和仿形两种电极形式,取3个高压电极的关键性技术参数,设计4种不同的高压电极方案;最后配合2、2.5mm两种不同的绝缘层厚度,为雾锥角为80°的空心圆锥雾喷头TR 80-04设计了8种不同的高压静电罩,用网状目标法与法拉第筒法结合的荷质比测量系统对其荷电比进行测量,以荷质比评价其荷电效果的优劣。结果证明:理论分析与试验研究达到了良好的一致性,仿形电极的荷电效果明显优于圆环形电极,且电极宽度、电极中心到喷口的轴向距离与雾滴荷质比正相关,为高压静电罩的合理设计提供了可靠的理论和试验依据。     

工业碱木素热裂解特性研究

用热重分析法和热解色谱质谱联用技术(Py-GC-MS)对工业碱木素热解行为进行了初步研究,分析了工业碱木素在不同升温速率下的热分解特性。结果表明,工业碱木素的热解过程主要分为4个阶段,在200℃以下的低温区和300～500℃的中温区各有1个强烈失重峰。工业碱木素热裂解产物非常复杂,Py-GC-MS分析表明,在300℃下的热解产物中,以源于工业碱木素的聚糖热解产物为主,含有一定量的低分子木素热解构产物;在450℃下的热解产物中,以木素大分子的热解构产物为主,例如各种酚类化合物、愈创木基丙酮等酮类化合物及源于木素-碳水化合物复合体的阿魏酸等化合物。      

基于分子量分布的生活污水荧光光谱研究

采用超滤及微滤膜法对生活污水进行分级,以荧光光谱为基本分析手段,结合荧光区域积分(FRI)法研究不同分子量区间组分的荧光特性。结果表明,不同分子量区间水样的同步荧光光谱图(SFS)中均含有3类荧光峰,分别为类蛋白质峰、类富里酸峰及类腐殖酸峰,其中类蛋白质峰荧光最强;类蛋白质、类腐殖酸及类富里酸的SFS区间积分强度大小顺序为类蛋白质区域类腐殖酸区域类富里酸区域,表明生活污水中蛋白质含量最高,腐殖酸次之,富里酸最少;各水样三维荧光光谱(EEM)图中主要存在4类荧光峰,分别为Peak T1、Peak T2、Peak A、Peak C,其中类蛋白质峰强度明显强于类腐殖酸;荧光区域积分(FRI)分析表明,类蛋白质占总标准体积60%~70%,进一步表明蛋白质为水体有机物的主要成分;膜孔径越小,类腐殖酸含量越高,腐殖化程度越高。     

现代生物技术在甘薯育种中的应用

现代生物技术攻克了过去在甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)育种中无法解决的难题。诱变育种、细胞工程、分子标记和基因工程等现代生物技术已在甘薯选育、品质改良、增强抗病虫性等方面上发挥了非常重要的作用。综述了诱变育种、细胞工程、分子标记和基因工程等现代生物技术在甘薯育种中的研究与利用概况。     

普通玉米与青贮玉米干质量积累及各器官分配规律

研究不同类型青贮玉米品种干物质产量及其运转,探讨其产量形成特点和主要光合生理特性,旨在为专用青贮玉米高产优质栽培提供理论支持。以普通粒用型玉米‘SC-704’、无分蘖青贮玉米‘新饲玉19号’、多分蘖青贮玉米‘科多4号’3种不同类型玉米为供试材料,测定其关键生育期的干物质等相关指标,研究不同品种产量形成特点、干质量积累及其在各器官的分配规律。结果表明,干质量积累量表现为无分蘖型青贮玉米普通粒用型玉米分蘖型玉米;普通粒用型玉米干质量积累速率峰值出现在灌浆期,鲜质量积累速率峰值则出现在大喇叭口期。无分蘖型青贮玉米干质量与鲜质量的积累量及积累速率峰值均出现在灌浆期。分蘖型青贮玉米干质量最大积累速率出现在乳熟期;青贮玉米‘科多4号’干质量主要分配在叶片和茎秆中;普通粒用型玉米‘SC-704’干质量则主要分配在雌穗中。结果显示,无分蘖青贮玉米‘新饲玉19号’干质量积累量最高,干质量在各器官中的分配表现为雌穗茎秆叶片苞叶叶鞘。     

24份古荔枝种质资源ISSR遗传多样性分析

[目的]了解广西古荔枝种质资源的遗传多样性及其亲缘关系,为其种质资源利用和品种选育等提供参考.[方法]采用ISSR分子标记技术对24份古荔枝种质资源的遗传多性及亲缘关系进行分析.[结果]从100条ISSR引物中筛选出13条带形清晰、重复性好的引物,共扩增出96条条带,其中有43条为多态性条带,多态性比例为44.79%,平均每条引物扩增的条带数为7.4条.供试古荔枝种质资源间的遗传相似系数范围为0.43~1.00,平均相对遗传相似系数为0.61.UPGMA法聚类分析结果表明,在遗传相似系为0.66处供试的24份古荔枝种质资源被分为三大类群.类群Ⅰ均来自广西灵山县,类群Ⅱ来自广西桂平市、北流市、玉林市、灵山县和大新县,类群Ⅲ来自广西北流市和灵山县.[结论]24个广西古荔枝品种资源间的遗传基础宽,可作为今后荔枝杂交选育的优良种质资源.     

阴离子聚丙烯酰胺处理医院污水的研究

研究自制的阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)对医院污水(色度125倍、悬浮物含量1 241 mg/L、COD 2 351 mg/L)的絮凝特性,并探讨聚合氯化铝(PAC)对APAM的助凝作用,考察了APAM的投加量、分子量对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明:加入PAC 66.0 mg/L、APAM 1.2 mg/L,对原水的絮凝效果最佳,色度降低率61.60%,悬浮物含量(SS)降低率67.61%,COD降低率20.88%。色度、SS、COD降低率均优于市购的APAM(Mw1 000×10~4、Mw2 000×10~4)。     

An efficient method to produce segregating populations in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

Quinoa offers a promising alternative for staple food, considering its outstanding nutritional value and tolerance to abiotic stresses. To develop breeding programmes in quinoa, a reliable crossing method for increasing the genetic variation is required. In the following study, we aimed to develop segregating populations in quinoa. We tested the efficiency of three different crossing methods (hand emasculation, warm water emasculation and no emasculation). Moreover we developed a two-stage selection strategy based on morphological traits and molecular markers for the selection of hybrid plants. We reported hand emasculation to be the most efficient crossing method, followed by warm water emasculation and no emasculation. Our results demonstrated that crosses in quinoa can be successfully performed, despite its complicated flower structure and high self-pollination rate. Additionally, we developed 30 segregating populations from crosses between accessions of different origins with varying phylogenetic relationship, which offers a promising perspective for quinoa breeding programmes in the future.     

Genetic mapping,marker assisted selection and allelic relationships for the Pu6 gene conferring rust resistance in sunflower

Rust resistance in the sunflower line P386 is controlled by Pu₆, a gene which was reported to segregate independently from other rust resistant genes, such as R₄. The objectives of this work were to map Pu₆, to provide and validate molecular tools for its identification, and to determine the linkage relationship of Pu₆ and R₄. Genetic mapping of Pu₆ with six markers covered 24.8 cM of genetic distance on the lower end of linkage Group 13 of the sunflower consensus map. The marker most closely linked to Pu₆ was ORS316 at 2.5 cM in the distal position. ORS316 presented five alleles when was assayed with a representative set of resistant and susceptible lines. Allelism test between Pu₆ and R₄ indicated that both genes are linked at a genetic distance of 6.25 cM. This is the first confirmation based on an allelism test that at least two members of the R_adv/R₄/R₁₁/ R_13a/R_13b/Pu₆ cluster of genes are at different loci. A fine elucidation of the architecture of this complex locus will allow designing and constructing completely new genomic regions combining genes from different resistant sources and the elimination of the linkage drag around each resistant gene.