影响城乡经济发展差距的农村人力资本因素分析

城乡经济发展差距扩大的关键因素是农村人力资本投资不足,因而必须通过教育投入、技术培训、健康投资、人力资源合理配置等路径,把农村人力资源从准备性和渗透性的、潜在的或停滞的生产力要素转变为直接的、现实的、可持续的、流动的人力资本,不断增加农村人力资本投资,实现人力资本增殖和农民的全面发展,以缩小城乡经济发展差距。     

香果树带芽茎段不定芽高频增殖的优化

以香果树(Emmenopterys henryi Oliv.)带芽茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,采用正交试验和单因子试验方法研究了不同因素对带芽茎段不定芽增殖的影响。结果表明:香果树带芽茎段不定芽增殖的最佳培养基为MS+KT2.0mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L,最佳蔗糖和琼脂浓度分别为40和7.5g/L,最佳pH值6、培养温度25℃,培养条件为光培养。证明利用组织培养技术能够实现香果树带芽茎段不定芽的高频增殖,为珍稀濒危植物香果树的快速繁殖提供了一条简单.有效的途径。     

稀土元素在组织培养中的作用研究进展

通过分析稀土元素对组培苗增殖及生长的促进作用、对不定根的形成的影响、对组培苗叶绿素形成及相关酶活性的促进等方面,综述了稀土元素在组织培养中的作用。     

中草药复方制剂对青脚麻鸡法氏囊免疫功能、抗氧化性及增殖凋亡基因表达的影响

试验旨在研究由金银花、黄连、蒲公英等药材组成的中草药复方制剂,对青脚麻鸡法氏囊组织结构、抗氧化功能、细胞因子和抗体分泌及增殖凋亡相关基因(PCNA和Caspase-3)表达的影响。采用单因子试验设计,将400羽青脚麻鸡按照体重相近原则分为对照组(基础日粮)和试验Ⅰ-Ⅲ组(分别添加0.5%、1.0%和1.5%中草药复方制剂),每组5个重复(n=20),试验期56 d。结果表明,28日龄时,添加1.0%中草药复方制剂可增加青脚麻鸡法氏囊细胞因子(IL-2和IFN-γ)、IBDV抗体和GSH-Px含量及PCNA mRNA和蛋白表达量(P0.05),降低Caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达量(P0.05)。56日龄时,添加1.0%中草药复方制剂可增加青脚麻鸡法氏囊IFN-γ、IBDV抗体和GSH-Px含量(P0.05),降低MDA含量及Caspase-3蛋白表达量(P0.05)。显微观察可见,28和56日龄时,添加1.0%中草药复方制剂可显著增加法氏囊小叶和淋巴小结面积(P0.05),降低法氏囊Caspas-3阳性细胞数量,说明日粮中添加1.0%中草药复方制剂对法氏囊组织结构及免疫抗氧化功能均有明显改善,对法氏囊增殖和凋亡相关基因表达有明显调控作用。文章分别从分子和组织水平揭示中草药复方制剂对青脚麻鸡法氏囊生长发育和免疫功能的影响及可能机制,为新型中草药复方制剂研发及其在青脚麻鸡生产中的应用提供科学依据。     

雄激素和氢化可的松对山羊附睾头上皮细胞增殖的影响

为研究雄激素和氢化可的松对山羊附睾上皮细胞生长的作用模式,本研究利用酶标仪检测附睾头部上皮细胞增殖情况,实时荧光定量PCR及ELISA检测雄激素受体(AR)的表达,检测睾酮与氢化可的松对山羊附睾上皮细胞体外增殖的作用以及对AR表达的影响。结果表明:100nmol/L睾酮对附睾头上皮细胞增殖的促进效应最高且与对照组差异极显著(P0.01),200nmol/L氢化可的松促进附睾头上皮细胞增殖效应最佳并与对照组差异显著(P0.05),前者的效应明显且可以被AR阻断剂阻断;睾酮和氢化可的松对附睾头上皮细胞增殖表现为协同作用;100nmol/L睾酮与200nmol/L氢化可的松均使附睾头上皮细胞的AR mRNA和蛋白表达量上调,与对照组差异显著(P0.05),且二者共存时附睾头上皮细胞的AR mRNA和蛋白表达量极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。本研究表明睾酮和氢化可的松对附睾头上皮细胞体外增殖均有促进作用,呈明显的浓度依赖性,且二者之间存在协同作用,这为进一步研究附睾上皮细胞增殖及功能的调节机理提供了基础。     

Tuberculosis in alpaca (Lama pacos) on a farm in Ireland. 1. A clinical report

This case report describes tuberculosis (TB) due to infection with Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in alpaca (Lama pacos) on a farm in Ireland. Two severely debilitated alpaca were presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin in November 2004. Bloods were taken, and haematology and biochemistry results were indicative of chronic infection. Radiological examination showed evidence of diffuse granulomatous pneumonia suggestive of tuberculosis. On necropsy there were granulomatous lesions present throughout many body organs including lung, liver, kidney, intestine as well on peritoneum and mesentery. Culture of acid-fast bacilli from lesions led to a diagnosis of tuberculosis due to M. bovis. The use of intradermal skin testing proved inefficient and unreliable for ante mortem diagnosis of tuberculosis in alpaca. Infection due to M. bovis should be considered among the differential diagnoses of debilitating diseases in alpaca, particularly those farmed in areas known to be traditional black spots for tuberculosis in cattle.     

鸡粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子-猪干扰素α1融合基因在大肠埃希菌中的可溶性表达及其生物学活性研究

为可溶性表达重组鸡粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(ChGM-CSF)与猪干扰素α1(PoIFNα1)融合蛋白,并研究其生物学活性,本研究分别提取鸡、猪肝脏细胞总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法扩增ChGM-CSF和PoIFNα1基因,经linker连接上述两种基因后将其克隆于pET-32a原核表达载体,转化E.coliBL21(DE3)菌株进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和western blot检测融合蛋白表达产物。在ST细胞/VSV病毒测定系统以细胞病变抑制法滴定该融合蛋白的抗病毒活性;同时用MTT法检测其对鸡淋巴细胞增殖活性的促进作用。结果显示,PCR扩增并融合后的ChGM-CSF和PoIFNα1融合基因约为1000bp,构建重组表达载体后,诱导表达的rChGM-CSF-PoIFNα1融合蛋白分子量约55ku,主要存在于破碎菌体的上清中,表达量较高。Westernblot检测结果显示,该融合蛋白分别能够与ChGM-CSF多抗和PoIFNα单克隆抗体特异性结合,其抗病毒比活性约为1.1×10^6IU/mg,并且具有促进鸡淋巴细胞增殖的活性。本研究为rChGM-CSF-PoIFNα1重组融合蛋白的研制及其相关活性的测定提供实验依据。     

Retrospective – systematic study and quantitative analysis of cellular proliferation and apoptosis in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic perianal glands in dogs

Neoplasms in the perianal region are frequently diagnosed in dogs. The aetiology is unknown, and most of them are benign. In this study, 240 neoplasms of the perianal glands of dogs were retrieved from the Department of Pathology archives of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny of University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), from 1984 to 2004. All 240 cases were re‐examined by two pathologists. Nine cases (4%) were diagnosed as hyperplasia, 49 (20%) as group I adenoma, 81 (34%) were classified as moderately differentiated adenomas of the group II, 46 (19%) were poorly differentiated adenomas of group II, 48 (20%) were carcinoma of the group III according to the classification proposed by Berrocal, and 7 (13%) were other kind of tumours. Males over 8 years of age were predominantly affected. Cell proliferation was quantified by counting proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive nuclei, and apoptosis was quantified by counting fluorescent eosin‐stained apoptotic corpuscles (AC) in normal tissue, hyperplasia and in different histologic types of neoplasia of these glands. A parallel pattern of increase in both parameters (cell proliferation and apoptosis) was obtained. The net growth index (NGI), represents how much a cell population is proliferating or dying and was achieved by dividing the mean PCNA count in 1000 cells by the mean AC stain count in 1000 cells. NGI was different between hyperplasia and neoplasia; group I adenomas have a much higher potential of growth, and NGI decreases from benign towards malignant lesions. These results show up the importance of studying cell proliferation and apoptosis to understand the carcinogenesis of dog perianal gland.