关于我国新兽药研究开发的战略思考

以提高自主创新能力为主题，分析了我国兽药研究开发现状，提出了今后我国兽药行业及生产企业进行新兽药研究开发的战略目标设想、内容和建议。     

Single nucleotide polymorphism identification, linkage and radiation hybrid mapping of the porcine pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor gene to chromosome 18

Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with diverse biological actions. Type I PACAP receptors (PACAPR) are specific for PACAP, whereas type II and III PACAPRs are less restricted. To localize and analyse the variation of this gene, a 559‐bp long intronic fragment of the porcine PACAPR gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced in samples from five different pig breeds. One single nucleotide polymorphism was identified and its allele frequency was determined in all five breeds. Linkage analysis in a Berkshire × Yorkshire reference family placed the PACAPR gene on chromosome 18, between SW787 and S0062 (SW787– 8.1 cM –PACAPR– 3.0 cM –S0062). Radiation hybrid mapping confirmed that the PACAPR gene was linked to SW1682 on chromosome 18 (28.8 cR₃₀₀₀; LOD = 10.4).     

苹果新品种‘天汪1号’

 ‘天汪1号’是从‘红星’的芽变中选育出的苹果短枝型新品种, 在天水地区9月中旬成熟,果实生育期148 d。果实圆锥形, 五棱突起, 果形指数0.90～0.98, 平均单果质量210 g, 果实全面浓红,色相片红; 果肉细而致密, 汁多, 味香甜, 可溶性固形物含量11.9%～14.1%。树势强健, 丰产, 稳产。     

青麻叶大白菜新品种秋玉78的选育

秋玉78是由两个青麻叶类型自交不亲和系F115-93和L132配制而成的中熟大白菜一代杂种。生育期75d(天)左右,叶球高桩直筒形,株高58cm,结球紧实,球高52cm,单球质量3.5~4.0kg;株型紧凑直立,叶片浓绿油亮,核桃纹适中,中肋绿色;高抗病毒病、软腐病,抗霜霉病,耐贮性好,商品性好,粗纤维含量少;每667m2净菜产量7300~7800kg,已在天津、河北、内蒙古、山东、山西、云南等地推广种植520hm2。     

安徽省烟草黑胫病菌的交配型及其地理分布研究

 Total 69 isolates of Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae were isolated and identified from tobacco black shank samples collected from different areas of Anhui province, and mating types of the oomycete were investigated by the method of partnership culture in vitro on L-tryptophan medium with β-sitosterol. The results showed that A2 mating type was the predominant in isolates of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae, next was A₀ mating type, A₁ and other mating types were not observed. It was suggested that sexual reproduction of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae might not take place frequently, and Anhui province might not be the original center of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae. The results indicated further that mating type geographical distribution of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae in Anhui province was in line with that in China. In addition, the significance of the test results and the possible reason for A₁ mating type being absent were discussed.     

贺兰山高山草甸的群落生态学研究

在群落调查的基础上，对贺兰山高山草甸进行数量分析。主要的结果如下：（1）贺兰山高山草甸可分为三个群系，分别为珠芽蓼群系、高山嵩草群系和矮嵩草群系，而高山嵩草群系和矮嵩草群系可进一步划分为两个亚群系，不同群系（或亚群系）的群落结构和环境特征之间存在显著的差异；（2）高山嵩草群系和矮嵩草群系之间的界限约为海拔3200m，而珠芽蓼群系主要分布于研究区的偏阴坡，与海拔关系不大；（3）14个频次大于50％的物种在排序图上的空间分布反映了这些物种最适宜生境的位置，而且与群落类型的空间分布一致。     

山东地区三株鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒的分离及鉴定

2005年在山东地区部分肉鸽养殖场出现鸽子大量死亡现象,从死亡鸽中分离到三株鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒(SD05027,SD05028,SD05029),其鸡胚平均死亡时间(MDT)分别为69h,69.6h,81.6h;鸡脑内接种指数(ICPI)为1.31,1.43,1.48,证明此次分离的三株病毒株均属速发型新城疫病毒。应用RT-PCR技术对F基因重要功能区片段扩增后进行序列测定,分析表明,F蛋白裂解位点处的序列(112R/K-R-Q-K-R-117F)与新城疫强毒在这一区域的序列相符。与多株已报道的NDV参考株相应片段进行序列比对和基因进化树分析,将其鉴定为基因VIb型。     

中药免疫抑制剂的研究现状及临床应用

目前临床上常用的免疫抑制药物如激素、环磷酰胺、环孢菌素等的毒副作用较大,且不能从根本上控制疾病的发生和发展，而中药免疫抑制剂应用免疫耐受机理,具有毒副作用小、疗效好等特点,故广泛应用于临床。作者对近年来有关中药免疫抑制作用的基础研究及临床作用作一综述，就其研究过程中存在的不足及发展趋势提出自己的见解，为今后中药免疫抑制剂的研究开发提供参考。     

Changes of IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in rats with severe pneumonia

AIM:To study the variety of cytokines in severe bacterial pneumonia of Sprague Dawleg (SD) rats. METHODS:A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: model Ⅰ group (n=24), model Ⅱ group (n=24), and control group (n=12). Rats in the model Ⅰ group and the model Ⅱ group were intratracheally instilled with suspension of klebsiella pneumoniae at different doses. Rats in the control group were intratracheally injected with 1 mL saline. On the 2nd, 4th and 6th day after intratracheal instillation, 1/3 rats in each group were killed to determine the concentration of IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF-α in blood. RESULTS:The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in model groups were higher than those in control group, while the level of IFN-γ was lower. The change of cytokines was more significant in the model Ⅱ group (severe pneumonia) than those in the model Ⅰ group. CONCLUSION:The cytokines we studied may play an important role in the pathogenesis of severe pneumonia. The change of cytokines is more significant in severe pneumonia than those in common pneumonia.