含三个圈的本原不可幂定号有向图的基

为了深入了解本原不可幂定号有向图基的相关性质,对含有三个圈的本原不可幂定号有向图的基进行了研究．通过运用对图的特点和规律进行分析的方法,即有两个圈长度相同,且都与第三个圈长度不同．首先通过利用有关本原不可幂定号有向图的引理及定义得到基的上界再运用反证法并综合运用集、本原指数、“异圈对”、途径、歧义指数、图的直径等相关理...     

泰国灵异电影探索

２０１０年,在第 ６３届戛纳电影节上,《能召回前世的布米叔叔》让泰国电影有史以来首次获得金棕榈大奖。为什么泰国导演能凭借一部 “鬼片”获国际电影大奖？本文以此为切入点,试图将泰国鬼片与泰国本土文化的关联放在全球一体化的背景下分析。让世界认同的恰恰是民族最独特本源的东西,源自泰国原始宗教的神鬼文化是构成泰国传统文化的重要部分。泰国的鬼片正是把握了这一关键点,不仅让鬼片成为新世纪泰国最为繁荣的一种文化现象,还使泰国的神鬼文化生动鲜明地呈现在世界电影舞台上。     

生态文明视域中的高黎贡山少数民族原始宗教

高黎贡山少数民族原始宗教中蕴含着万物有灵,崇拜神山神林神树,与猎神对话等尊重自然的生态观念,它对高黎贡山的环境保护产生了良好的生态效应,体现出物种丰富、村寨环境优美的特点,这对生态文明建设具有借鉴意义。     

The Origin of Flooded Rice Cultivation

Rice cultivation has long been considered to have originated from seeding of annual types of wild rice somewhere in subtropics, tropics or in the Yangtze River basin. That idea, however, contains a fatally weak point, when we consider the tremendous difficulty for primitive human to seed any cereal crop in the warm and humid climate, where weed thrives all year round. Instead of the accepted theory, we have to see a reality that vegetative propagation of edible plants is a dominant form of agriculture in such regions. The possibility is discussed that Job's tears and rice, two cereal crops unique to the region, might have been developed via vegetative propagation to obtain materials for medicine or herb tea in backyard gardens prior to cereal production. This idea is supported by the fact that rice in temperate regions is still perennial in its growth habit and that such backyard gardens with transplanted taro can still be seen from Yunnan Province of China to Laos. Thanks to detailed survey of wild rice throughout China for 1970-1980, it is now confirmed that a set of clones of wild rice exist in shallow swamps in Jiangxi Province, an area with severe winter cold. In early summer ancient farmers may have divided the sprouting buds and spread them by transplanting into flooded shallow marsh. Such way of propagation might have faster improved less productive rice through a better genetic potential for response to human interference than quick fixation in seed propagation, because vegetative parts are heterogeneous. Obviously, such a primitive manner of rice cultivation did include the essential parts of rice farming, i.e., nursery bed, transplanting in flooded field of shallow marsh like. Transfer from the primitive nursery to true nursery by seed may have later allowed rice cultivation to be extended to northern regions. In thus devised flooded cultivation there were a series of unique advantages, i.e.; continuous cropping of rice in a same plot, no soil erosion, slow decline of soil fertility, availability of minerals, and resulting in high yield per unit area, which have collectively attained the highly productive cereal cultivation in the warm and humid region. Rice cultivation in marsh is also favorable to raise fish culture, both of which constituted a nutritionally balanced base. Development of irrigation technology to construct flooded farms gave strong bases for stable rice-cultivating society, which in the end formulated the rise of ancient kingdoms of Yue and Wu in China in BC 6 th -5th centuries. They were direct descendents of those people who had developed the unique rice cultivation from the era of Hemudu culture, which is dated back to 5 000 BC. Their movement to the south is considered to have established rice-cultivating communities in South China and Southeast Asia, while to the north it transferred the rice-based technology to ancient Korea and Japan and had established there a base for a civilized society.     

Evaluation ofFusarium wilt-resistance in primitive races ofGossypium hirsutum L.

Seven primitive races ofGossypium hirsutum L.punctatum, marie-galante, richmondi, latifolium, morrilli, palmeri, mexicanum and five F₁ crosses were inoculated withFusarium f. sp.vasinfectum physiological strain I. in the wilt field of Cixi Cotton Institute in 1987. There were highly significant differences among these primitive races.Punctatum andpalmeri were highly resistant. The resistances ofmarie-galante andmexicanum was similar with that of cultivar ‘Simian2’;richmondi, latifolium andmorrilli were susceptible. The disease incidence of F₁ in five primitive races hybridized with cultivar ‘Simian2’ was generally higher than that of mid-parent value. Inheritance of wilt resistance was partially dominant. In addition, 178 accessions of eight primitive races were evaluated for their resistance as before in 1989. There were significant differences in resistance among races and intra-race accessions. There were wilt resistance accessions among primitive races in which disease incidence was below 10%–25%. Inpalmeri, marie-galante, richmondi andpunctatum, one accession was immune with 0% disease incidence, respectively; 22.7–77.4% accessions were susceptible with 50% disease incidence. It showed that primitive races were mixed populations. They should be evaluated and screened for their utilization in cotton breeding program. Some best plants were selected from F₂ of two crosses, ‘Simian2’ ×palmeri and ‘Simian2’ ×mexicanum, based on the resistance toFusarium wilt and the response to photoperiod. 11 lines had been obtained with good fiber quality and relatively high potential production by backcrossing improvement. These lines are now being tested.     

原始野性张力中信念与灵魂的碰撞与感悟——评博格达·阿不都拉的《飞石集》

维吾尔族诗人博格达·阿不都拉是新疆当代著名诗人。《飞石集》中收录的诗歌绝大多数为精致的短诗,这些短诗表现出语言灵动简洁、清新朴实的特色,不仅有一种强的镜头感,而且还有一种语言运用上的张力和质感。《飞石集》内容丰富,有游历中对沿途所经地方的所思所想,有对新疆一草一木山川河流的浓浓眷恋,还有对那些平凡且卑微的生存个体的悲悯情怀。在其开阔的视野和丰富的想象中,也折射出诗人对新疆故土深深的热爱,寄托了对于历史、现实和未来的哲性思索。在平实的语言和对平凡生活场景的捕捉中寓意深刻的哲理,在冷静的叙述中闪烁着智慧的光芒。     

大兴安岭北部森林群落结构及植物多样性特征研究

探究大兴安岭北部群落结构及植物多样性有助于了解当地森林稳定性,对该地区兴安落叶松林树种结构调整及科学经营提供理论依据。以大兴安岭北部过伐林与原始林为研究对象,分析过伐林与原始林不同的植物多样性特征及群落构建机制。结果表明:1）大兴安岭北部的过伐林共有20科31属36种植物,原始林共16科24属27种植物,过伐林的植物物种数量高于原始林。Shannon-Wiener多样性及Margalef丰富度指数原始林多于过伐林,Pielou均匀度和Simpson优势度在过伐林和原始林表现基本一致。2）大兴安岭北部过伐林在群落构建过程中环境过滤起主导作用,原始林研究区域内各物种在初期经历了环境过滤,后期经历了负密度制约。大兴安岭北部原始林的植物多样性和群落构建在目前的环境背景下随时间逐步趋于单一化,应对该群落进行适当采伐来引进聚集度高（同一属）的植物以增加群落的稳定性,采伐原始林胸径和冠幅较大的老龄化乔木来调节林木间的关系及改变群落的动态变化。     

中国茶叶感官审评术语基元语素研究与风味轮构建

通过基元语素的提取、整理、分类和定义,设定组合术语的构词规则,是完善感官术语的关键工作。本文在GB/T14487—2017《茶叶感官审评术语》基础上共提炼出137个基元语素,包括外形、叶底48个,色泽17个,香气46个,滋味13个,程度13个,并对这些基元语素进行了英文和日文释义。基于对基元语素术语构成及语义的分析,结合茶叶感官审评实际经验,绘制完成中国茶叶颜色轮、滋味轮、香气轮及风味轮。     

一种半自动高分辨率遥感图像屋脊线提取算法——以徐州市郊区为例

针对高分辨率遥感图像中具有人字形屋脊的一类建筑物的屋脊线提取问题,设计了一种半自动屋脊线提取方案:利用Gram-Schmit算法融合QuichBird多光谱图像与全色图像,利用决策树分类将原始图像分为屋顶向阳面、屋顶背影面和阴影3类,利用Canny边缘检测算法检测屋顶向阳面的边缘,再利用基于线基元的线段提取算法检测出屋顶向阳面边缘图中的所有直线段,最后利用屋脊线两侧的上下文信息对屋脊线进一步识别。实例应用结果表明,检测的屋脊线正确率达到94%,此方法提取屋脊线可操作性强、精度高。     

Root biomass and underground C and N storage of the primitive Korean pine and broad-leaved forest and its different succession stages in Changbai Mountain, northeast China

This paper studied root biomass and underground carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage of a more than 200-year-old primitive Korean pine and broad-leaved forest and its two 20-and 80-year-old secondary Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forests in Changbai Mountain, northeast China. The results showed that with forest succession, the root biomass of 20-year-old, 80-year-old, and primitive forests was 2.437, 2.742, and 4.114 kg/m², respectively. The root C storage was 1.113, 1.323, and 2.023 kg/m², soil C storage was 11.911, 11.943, and 12.587 kg/m², and underground C storage was 13.024, 13.266, and 14.610 kg/m², respectively, while the root N storage was 0.035, 0.032, and 0.038 kg/m², soil N storage was 1.208, 1.222, and 0.915 kg/m², and underground N storage was 1.243, 1.254, and 0.955 kg/m², respectively, which indicated that along with forest succession, the forest underground became a potential “carbon sink,” whereas underground N storage did not change obviously. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(7): 1,195–1,199 [译自: 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(7): 1,195–1,199]