贵州锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染风险评价及草本植物重金属吸收特征

为明确锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染及优势草本植物重金属吸收特征,对贵州省典型锰矿废渣堆场的重金属污染风险进行了评价,并调查研究了锰矿废渣堆场草本植物的类群及重金属吸收特征.共采集优势草本植物18种,隶属11科18属,菊科和禾本科为优势科.对18种草本植物体地上部、地下部及其生长基质中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Mn ...     

益生菌安全性及风险评估研究进展

综述了近几年公开发表的一些研究结果,就益生菌的安全性和已经报道出的潜在危害性及其影响作了介绍,探究了益生菌安全性评价方法,并对今后研究的发展方向作了简要分析。     

Raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) are the new natural definitive hosts of Metagonimus hakubaensis

The definitive hosts of Metagonimus hakubaensis are reported to be hamsters, rats, mice, dogs, cats, chickens, and quails in experimental infection and Japanese water shrews in natural infection. Here we report that raccoon dogs are new natural definitive hosts of M. hakubaensis, based on morphological and molecular analyses of Metagonimus flukes collected from the host species from Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Moreover, M. hakubaensis recovered from raccoon dogs showed higher fecundity than those recovered from Japanese water shrews. Therefore, raccoon dogs were considered as a more suitable natural definitive host of M. hakubaensis than Japanese water shrews.     

紫穗槐幼苗不同生长阶段叶水势对干旱胁迫与复水的响应特征

为揭示紫穗槐（Amorpha fruticosa）幼苗叶水势对土壤干旱与复水环境的响应特征,本研究通过盆栽试验,研究了土壤干旱胁迫及复水对紫穗槐幼苗不同生长阶段叶水势的影响。结果表明：土壤水分、干旱历时和生长阶段3个因素以及各因素间的相互作用对紫穗槐幼苗叶水势均有极显著影响（P<0.01）;随着干旱程度加剧,幼苗叶水势呈下降趋势,水分胁迫指数呈上升趋势;40.00%土壤相对含水量下的幼苗叶水势下降幅度达到最大,其中干旱15 d的生长初期和生长中期以及干旱30 d的生长后期的叶水势分别比对照下降了0.71 MPa,1.12 MPa和0.58 MPa;复水后,叶水势出现补偿效应,随着复水后时间的延长,幼苗3个生长阶段叶水势逐渐恢复,恢复速率与干旱程度、干旱历时和生长阶段密切相关,但均在复水72小时后恢复到接近对照水平。     

Predicting Acceptability of Jaguars and Pumas in the Atlantic Forest,Brazil

Jaguars and pumas are threatened species in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, especially at the borders of protected areas. This article assessed the influence of emotions, attitudes, existence value, and agency credibility on acceptability of big cats among rural residents living adjacent to two protected areas in this forest. Data from self-administrated questionnaires (n = 326) indicated those with positive attitudes toward big cats (β = .28, p < .001), those who valued the existence of big cats (β = .14, p < .05), those who would feel sorrow if big cats disappeared (β = .21, p < .001), and those who considered the managing agency as credible (β = .16, p = .002) were more accepting of big cats. The model provided theoretical and practical insights into large carnivore conservation. For example, given the significance of agency credibility, a positive relationship between park authorities and residents is crucial for big cat conservation.     

天祝县岔口驿马产业发展现状及潜力

本文针对天祝县岔口驿马产业发展的现状,分析了岔口驿马产业发展的潜在优势,通过政府扶持和政策引导,为岔口驿马产业的健康、快速发展提供了依据。     

Improving effectiveness of protection efforts in tiger source sites: Developing a framework for law enforcement monitoring using MIST

Wild tigers are in a critical state with an estimated population decline of more than 95% over the past century. Improving the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in reducing poaching of tigers is an immediate priority to secure remaining wild populations in source sites. From 2008–2010, standardized patrol-based law enforcement monitoring (LEM) was established under the Tigers Forever Program across 8 key tiger sites in order to improve and evaluate law enforcement interventions. Patrol-based monitoring has the distinct advantage of providing regular and rapid information on illegal activities and ranger performance, although, until recently, it has received relatively little scrutiny from the conservation community. The present paper outlines a framework for implementation of LEM in tiger source sites using MIST, a computerized management information system for ranger-based data collection. The framework addresses many of the technical, practical and institutional challenges involved in the design, implementation, sustainability and evaluation of LEM. Adoption of such a framework for LEM is a cost-effective strategy to improve the efficiency of law enforcement efforts, to increase the motivation of enforcement staff and to promote the accountability of law enforcement agencies in addressing threats to tigers. When combined with independent, systematic and science-based monitoring of tigers and their prey, LEM has great potential for evaluating the effectiveness of protection-based conservation investments.     

Multi‐channel visual evoked potential as an ancillary tool to diagnose intraorbital optic nerve lesions

Multi‐channel visual evoked potential (MVEP) recording method was used to assist in diagnosing a 4‐month‐old Chinese Albino rabbit with an intraorbital mass. Subcutaneous MVEP of its both eyes were recorded simultaneously using 16 electrodes (4 × 4) multi‐channel array. Analysis of the cortical potential landscapes (CPL) showed that the conduction function of right eye was remarkably impaired in terms of decreased amplitudes and prolonged latencies. Specific side‐dominant distribution asymmetry of the decreased MVEP amplitudes indicated that the temporal side of the optic nerve (ON) was severely involved. Overall prolonged latencies of the CPL without side differences suggested that the functional impairment could have been caused by the mechanical compression exerted by an intraorbital mass. Surgical removal procedures confirmed that the mass was located temporally to the ON. Pathological examination provided a final diagnosis of a giant polycystic mucocele. Beyond its significance as a standard tool to assess functional changes of the visual pathway, MVEP recordings might assist locating intraorbital lesions that involve the ON by careful analysis of abnormal CPLs.     

青海省冬虫夏草采挖区与非采挖区土壤生态化学计量特征

为研究冬虫夏草采挖区与非采挖区的土壤生态化学计量学特征,本研究以青海省7个地区冬虫夏草生长地土壤样本为试验材料,分别采用重铬酸钾-外加热法、凯氏定氮法、碱熔法、碳酸氢钠浸提-比色法、酸溶法、1 mol·L^-1乙酸铵浸提-火焰光度计法、碱解-扩散法、邻菲啰啉比色法、火焰原子吸收分光光度法对土壤样本的养分与理化指标进行了测定,并对其化学计量特征进行了分析。结果表明,除XH(青海省海南藏族自治州兴海县)地区采挖区与非采挖区在全氮含量上存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其他各地区采挖区与非采挖区在土壤各指标含量上均无显著性差异,不同地区采挖区与非采挖区C∶N的范围是18.24~32.79,C∶P是155.53~562.78,N∶P是4.85~24.00,C∶K是4.51~11.52,K∶N是2.55~7.17,K∶P是31.44~81.86;采挖区与非采挖区的C∶P与N∶P之间均具有极显著相关性(P<0.01)。因此,本研究发现采挖冬虫夏草对其生长环境的土壤化学性质无显著性影响,为冬虫夏草采挖对生态环境的影响评估提供数据支撑。     

Caudal epidural co-administration of methadone and morphine in horses: An evaluation of analgesic properties and effects on locomotor function,mentation and physical examination parameters

Caudal epidural analgesia is a well-established therapeutic modality for pain alleviation in horses. Additionally, epidural analgesia could potentially be a complementary diagnostic tool for confirmation of pain-related conditions in horses presenting with nonspecific signs of poor performance or rideability issues. To use the epidural as a diagnostic tool, the administered medications should provide efficient analgesia without accompanying adverse effects. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to evaluate the analgesic properties and effects on locomotor function, mentation and physical examination parameters of caudal epidural co-administration of methadone and morphine in horses. Five mares received a caudal epidural injection of 0.1 mg/kg bwt methadone and 0.1 mg/kg bwt morphine diluted to a total volume of 4.4 mL/100 kg. Before and several times thereafter, horses were subjected to mechanical nociceptive threshold evaluation, physical examination, assessment of mentation and locomotor function examination. Horses were assigned ataxia scores (0–4) by a group of inexperienced raters (three senior-year veterinary students) and a group of experienced raters (two board-certified internal medicine specialists) that assessed the locomotor examinations either live or video-based. The epidural co-administration of methadone and morphine resulted in clinically relevant and statistically significant increases of horses’ tolerance to mechanical noxious stimuli at the coccygeal, perineal, sacral, lumbar and thoracic regions. Analgesia was evident after 4.4 h and lasted at least 5 h. Regional differences in the onset of analgesia reflected a cranial spread of the analgesic solution. No horses showed signs of gait disturbances; the overall median ataxia score was 0 at all times; and the average difference in scores between two randomly selected raters for a random horse at a random time point was 0.377 indicating high inter-rater agreement. There were no adverse changes of mentation and physical examination parameters. Observed side effects included signs of decreased frequency of defaecation, generalised sweating, and pruritus.