间伐对川中丘陵区人工柏木林下天然更新的影响

以川中丘陵区"带状采伐+补阔"试验基地作为研究对象,调查其林下天然更新情况。结果表明:(1)采伐带、保留带天然更新的幼树幼苗明显高于对照样地(P<0.05)。10m、8 m、6 m、4m采伐带、保留带的天然更新幼树幼苗分别是对照的10.63倍、9.38倍、7.92倍、7.50倍和3.33倍、3.75倍、4.38倍、6.04倍。(2)采伐带、保留带、对照样地内的更新幼树幼苗的树高均显现为左偏单峰结构,且均以树高≤0.1m的幼苗数量最多。不同带宽采伐带和保留带内天然更新的幼树幼苗高度分级占比不尽相同。(3)所有处理下的天然更新的幼树幼苗均呈聚集状分布的状态,且聚集强度较大。(4)除柏木外,天然更新的树种种类多以香樟、香椿、乌桕等喜阳或半喜阳的为主。     

Susceptibility of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mearnsii seedlings to five Phytophthora species common in South African plantations

Eucalyptus grandis and its hybrids, as well as Acacia mearnsii, are important non‐native trees commonly propagated for forestry purposes in South Africa. In this study, we conducted pathogenicity trials to assess the relative importance of five commonly isolated Phytophthora spp. (Phytophthora alticola, P. cinnamomi, P. frigida, P. multivora and P. nicotianae) from the plantation environment on E. grandis and A. mearnsii seedlings. Overall E. grandis was more susceptible to the tested Phytophthora spp. than A. mearnsii. Phytophthora cinnamomi was the only pathogen that had a significant negative effect on both the host tree species, leading to a reduction in root and shoot weight as well as to death in the case of E. grandis. Phytophthora alticola and P. nicotianae exclusively affected E. grandis and A. mearnsii, respectively. This study updated the current knowledge on the pathogenicity of Phytophthora spp. on two important non‐native commercially propagated tree species from South Africa.     

太子山马尾松种子园营建技术研究

本文从建园材料选择和收集、嫁接技术、建植方式及定植密度、种子园营建和激素对促进球花形成的研究等方面总结了太子山马尾松种子园建设的技术及经验。太子山种子园的建成不但加速了我省马尾松良种化的进程 ,而且为今后我省马尾松种子园营建和育种提供了理论依据和材料。     

Plantation Forests for Sustainable Wood Supply and Development in China

With the implementation of Natural Forests Protection Program, wood resource base in China is shifting from naturally grown forests to plantation forests. This paper reviews: 1) The evolution of Chinese decade-long reforestation program and its contribution to sustainable wood supply and development, and 2) impacts of "China's Natural Forest Protection Program and " Fast-Growing and High-Yield Plantation Program in China " on China's wood supply and sustainability. In addition, this paper highlights Chinese national researches on the integrated intensive management and utilization of the plantation resource.     

金白杨在杨树人工林伐桩嫁接更新改造中的应用

笔者针对山西北部大面积的杨树成过熟林分亟需更新改造的现状,按照良种+良法模式,在河流阶地、平川沙荒和黄土丘陵3种立地类型下,以抗逆速生的白杨优良无性系金白杨为换代品种,采用杨树伐桩嫁接更新改造技术,成活率达到94.8%以上。嫁接后金白杨快速形成自生根系,生长量超过群众杨,7年生金白杨树高达到11.5 m,胸径达到11.3 cm,郁闭度达到0.3,林相整齐。     

提倡绿色作业，促进桉树可持续发展

桉树人工林的飞速发展,为国家经济和林业发展做出了重大贡献。因部分经营者缺乏森林生态经营的理念,片面追求眼前利益,对桉树进行如机耕全垦整地、高密度种植、单一品种长期连续使用、不合理施肥、过度使用化学农药、全覆盖使用除草剂和超短轮伐期等不合理经营,带来了如生态脆弱、水源涵养功能降低等一系列生态问题。桉树人工林生态问题饱受社会争议,本文就经营中存在的问题展开论述,并提出科学经营桉树人工林的基本思路和策略,促进桉树人工林健康可持续发展。     

施N肥对会同杉木人工林N、P含量的影响

以湖南会同杉木基地Ⅱ号集水区杉木人工林为研究对象,对其进行施N肥实验,并进行一年期采样,测定不同施肥处理下N肥对杉木林N、P含量的影响及杉木器官与土壤N、P含量之间的相关关系。结果表明:施肥能够提高杉木土壤、细根、叶片的N和P含量,其中施N肥25 g/m~2能提高土壤的N、P含量,施N肥25g/m~2比施N肥5 g/m~2和15 g/m~2更能提高土壤中细根的N、P含量,施N肥5 g/m~2比施N肥15 g/m~2和25 g/m~2对提高叶片中的N含量的效果好,施N肥并未提高凋落物N含量。会同杉木人工林氮磷含量的增加说明施肥能够促进杉木林的生长。     

广东高要南部低丘桉树人工林下植被物种多样性分析

对广东高要南部低丘桉树（Eucalyptus spp．）人工林林下植被物种进行了调查分析。结果表明,林下植被物种最少有156种以上,分属56科和103属,乔木21种,灌木59种,藤本20种,草本36种,总体Shannon-Wiener指数为2．26。种群数目大于5％的优势种均为草本植物,其中芒箕（Dicranopteris dichotoma）占绝对优势（46．2％）,这是林下植被物种丰富度较高而多样性偏低的主要原因。林下植被物种组成、丰富度和多样性在不同地域之间均有显著的差异,但在林分龄级之间则没有明显的变化。     

A COMPARISON OF TOOLS FOR PRUNING PINUS PINASTER

Dielectric heating by radio-frequency power has been established in various countries as a practical means for the rapid gluing of wood with thermosetting adhesives. The high-frequency drying of wood and wooden products as an economical substitute for conventional drying methods is being investigated extensively.

Especially in South Africa, it seems the appropriate time to consider this process again. This article is the first in a series and reviews the general principles. Further papers will present values of dielectric properties of South African pines and deal with the possibilities of drying wood by this process.     

Communicative Action to Level the Playing Field in Forest Plantations in Indonesia

The government of Indonesia allocated state land to private companies to establish forest plantations. However, ownership of this land was contested by some Sumatran communities. The plantation company, endorsed by the government, quickly developed a partnership to resolve the conflict, but this was unclear and inequitable. Action research was carried out to facilitate communication among stakeholders. This communicative action changed some perceptions and shared values began to emerge. A forum was established, which contributed to equitability producing a better partnership. This research is a model for empowering local communities in climate change, bioenergy, and food security negotiations.