黄瓜幼叶细胞中钙调素的免疫胶体金定位

 采用免疫胶体金电镜技术对黄瓜幼叶叶肉细胞中的钙调素(CaM)进行定位。结果表明：适温下生长的黄瓜幼苗叶肉细胞中的CaM主要分布于细胞核和叶绿体内，细胞核中CaM主要存在于染色质和核仁上，叶绿体中CaM主要存在于类囊体膜上；线粒体中也有一定量的CaM分布；细胞质、液泡、液泡膜及质膜上只有少量CaM存在；而细胞壁和细胞间隙却很难发现显示CaM存在的金颗粒。     

营养液浓度及pH值对山葵生长及光合速率的影响

 探讨了0.5、1.0、1.5 倍日本园试营养液3 种浓度(以清水为对照) 和5.4、6.0、6.6、7.2 等4 种pH 值对山葵生长和光合速率的影响。结果表明, 在营养液1.0 倍和pH 6.0 条件下, 山葵平均根茎鲜质量为42.75 g , 且叶绿素含量和净光合速率显著高于其它处理。     

侧沟茧蜂触角感觉器的扫描电镜观察

扫描电镜观察表明：侧沟茧蜂Microplitis sp．的触角上存在5种感觉器，分别为毛状感觉器A型、B型、C型，槽状感觉器，锥形乳头状感觉器，刺形感觉器和钟形感觉器。对触角感觉器的形态和分布进行了描述，并对两性间的差别进行了讨论，为研究该蜂寻找生境和寄生行为提供依据。     

Taurine reduced oxygen free radical production induced by homocysteine in electron transport chain and homocysteine inhibites taurine transporter in mitochondria membrane

AIM: To observe effects of homocysteine and antagonized effects of taurine on electronic leakage and free radical production in myocardial mitochondria. METHODS: Myocardial mitochondria of rat heart was isolated, and was broken by supersonic wave to prepare submitochondria. Recombinant of succinic acid cytochrome c reductase was prepared with mitochondria of porcine heart. They were co-incubated with homocysteine and/or taurine with various concentration. The H₂O₂ and O₂^- were determined by chemiluminescence methods. The taurine transporter of heart mitochondria and its propert, and effects of homocysteine on its function were studied with glass filter. RESULTS: Homocysteine stimulated oxygen free radical production in heart mitochondria, submitochondria, and succinic acid cytochrome c in a concentration-dependent manner. Although taurine itself did not affect oxygen free radical production, taurine did inhibit oxygen free radical production in mitochondria, submitochondria and succinic acid cytochrome c in a concentration-dependent manner. Taurine transporters of Na⁺-dependent were existed in mitochondria membrane. Homocysteine inhibited taurine transtport in mitochondria in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Taurine inhibited electronic leakage and oxygen free radical production induced by homocysteine in electron transport chain. There were taurine transporters in mitochondria membrane, and transport functions of taurine transporter were inhibited by homocysteine.     

Spread of potato virus Y in potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) with different levels of sensitivity

The aim of this work was to correlate the appearance of the symptoms, multiplication and spread of virus after mechanical inoculation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars showing different levels of susceptibility and sensitivity to Potato virus Y^NTN (PVY^NTN). The potato cultivars used were the resistant cultivar Sante and susceptible cultivars Igor, Pentland squire and Désirée. The spread of the virus PVY^NTN in infected plants was monitored using different methods: DAS-ELISA, tissue printing, immuno-serological electron microscopy and real-time PCR. In all three susceptible cultivars, the virus was detected in the inoculated leaves 4–5 days after inoculation. From there virus spread rapidly, first into the stem, then more or less simultaneously to the upper leaves and roots. Real-time PCR was shown to be very sensitive and enabled viral RNA to be detected in non-inoculated leaves of susceptible cultivar Igor earlier than other methods. Therefore, for exact studies of plant–virus interaction, a combination of methods which detect viruses on the basis of their different properties (coat protein, morphology or RNA) should be used to monitor the spread of viruses.     

Footsteps from Insect Larvae Damage Leaf Surfaces and Initiate Rapid Responses

Plant resistance to insect herbivory involves gene expression in response to wounding and the detection of insect elicitors in oral secretions (Kessler and Baldwin, 2002, Ann. Rev. Plant/ Biol. 53: 299–328). However, crawling insect larvae stimulate the synthesis of 4-aminobutyrate within minutes and imprints of larval footsteps can be visualized within seconds through superoxide production or transient increases in chlorophyll fluorescence (Bown et al., 2002, Plant Physiol. 129: 1430–1434). Here cryo-scanning electron microscopy was used to demonstrate that larval feet, which are equipped with a perimeter row of hook-like crochets, damage leaf tissue and result in larval footprints. Staining for cell death shows that areas of wounding correspond to footsteps detected through increased chlorophyll fluorescence. Superoxide production in response to footsteps was inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of the plasma membrane NADPH oxidase enzyme. Inhibition of superoxide production, however, did not eliminate the detection of cell death. The results demonstrate that larval footsteps damage leaf tissue, and initiate rapid local responses which are not dependent on herbivory or oral secretions. It is proposed that superoxide production at the wound site prevents opportunistic pathogen infection.     

猪附红细胞体生物学特性的研究

采取新鲜血液压片相衬观察和末梢血液涂片染色镜检法,对河南省新乡地区3000头猪附红细胞体病发病情况进行了调查;并且对体温升高、镜检附红细胞体感染强度为 病猪的血液,分别用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜进行形态观察和血液生化指标检测.结果表明:猪附红细胞体病的发病率为46.33%,死亡率为13.88%,隐性感染率为55.93%(755/1350).在光学显微镜下观察,红细胞呈现菠萝样;染色血片观察附红体在红细胞表面及边缘呈各种形式排列,可见强折光性发亮的圆形小体;扫描电子显微镜观察.附红体寄生的红细胞凹陷区,有大、小球体,有的小球体与大球体相连.血清胆红素、白蛋白、尿素氮、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶增加,血糖、血清总蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶活性下降.     

秸秆覆盖量和覆盖时间对党参生长及光合特性的影响

试验以露地不覆盖(CK1)和地膜露头覆盖(CK2)为双对照,设置了移栽覆盖(A1)和出苗覆盖(A2)2个覆盖时间,4500 kg·hm-2(B1)、7500 kg·hm-2(B2)、10500 kg·hm-2(B3)、13500 kg·hm-2(B4)4个覆盖量,采用二因素随机区组设计,研究了秸秆覆盖量和覆盖时间对党参...     

修枝促接干对泡桐光合特性影响的研究

采用Li-6400光合分析系统,对修枝接干和对照泡桐不同冠层、不同方位叶片在不同光量子密度条件下的净光合速率(Pn)进行测定,并采用经验方程对其光反应曲线进行拟合,结果表明:(1)修枝接干可明显提高泡桐植株总体的光合潜力和适应强光环境的能力,其最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)和光合幅度(PR)在修枝后分别达23.93 μmol·m-2·s-1、1 966.58 μmol·m-2·s-1,53.88 μmol·m-2·s-1、1 911.71 μmol·m-2·s-1,较对照分别高11.85%、15.61%、29.06%、15.21%.(2)修枝接干对泡桐诸光合指标的影响在树冠下层明显大于上层,并且使其上下冠层之间的差异性显著减小.修枝后泡桐下层树冠的Pmax、LSP、LCP、PR较对照分别高27.70%、36.74%、34.22%、36.80%,而上层差异不显著.(3)修枝接干对处于不同方位泡桐叶片的光合特性的影响在不同冠层具有不同程度的体现.在树冠上层的阳位与阴位间,修枝接干后的Pmax、LSP、LCP和PR分别较对照有所提高,但均不显著;而在树冠下层,修枝接干后其阳位叶的Pmax、LSP、LCP和PR分别较对照高21.80%、39.02%、28.72%和39.26%,阴位叶分别较对照高42.18%、39.35%、48.70%和39.13%,除了LCP在二处理间阳位的差异不显著外,其余的差异性均显著.     

木荷幼苗对常绿阔叶林不同光环境的光合响应

在夏季晴天,对生长在旷地、林窗和林下的木荷幼苗光合作用的日变化、光响应曲线及对短暂遮荫的响应等进行观测,结果表明:(1)旷地的日平均光合有效辐射约为1 230 μmol·m-2·s-1,分别是林窗和林下的1.7和12.3倍左右,并且旷地的气温显著大于林窗和林下的,而空气相对湿度却明显低于其它2个光环境;(2)木荷幼苗在旷地和林窗均出现光合"午休"现象,旷地木荷"午休"时净光合速率的降幅约60%,而林窗的降幅约为30%;旷地中木荷幼苗的最大净光合速率约为17.8 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1,约是林窗和林下的1.8和3.4倍;此外,木荷幼苗的光饱和点、光补偿点和暗呼吸速率均随环境光强的增大而增大;(3)短暂遮荫时,随着光合有效辐射的降低,各光环境中木荷幼苗的气孔导度和蒸腾速率不断降低,胞间CO2浓度逐渐升高,水分利用率在旷地和林窗中呈下降趋势,而在林下一定低光范围内(约130～800 μmol·m-2·s-1)则维持了较高水平;(4)受光斑照射时,光斑区域的光合有效辐射和净光合速率分别比受光斑前以及未受光斑区域提高了10倍和4倍以上.