影响猪精子介导基因转移效果的因素研究

为优化猪精子载体法技术参数,利用荧光定量PCR、荧光显微镜检测和精液常规检测方法,分析不同DNA转染剂、不同孵育温度和不同形态DNA对猪精子转染外源DNA的影响。结果表明,PEI和TransFast转染剂能极显著提高猪精子转染效果,且PEI优于TransFast,而NanoFect转染剂包裹DNA不能转染精子。随着转染温度的升高,精子的活力和活率均明显下降,而转染率和内化外源DNA量基本保持稳定,而吸附外源DNA量呈下降趋势。环状DNA和线性化DNA在与精子共孵育后,两者的精子活力、活率、转染率和内化外源DNA量差异均不显著,精子吸附线性化DNA量极显著高于环状DNA量。综合分析表明,外源DNA形态对猪精子转染效果无显著影响;PEI和TransFast能够显著提高猪精子转染效果;共孵育温度以17℃为最佳,本结果为开展精子载体法制备转基因猪研究提供了基础试验依据。     

A Comparative Study of Non-contact Infrared and Digital Rectal Thermometer Measurements of Body Temperature in the Horse

Equine body temperature taken with a non-contact infrared thermometer (NCIT) does not correlate well with the equine body temperature taken with a digital rectal thermometer (DRT), when it comes to absolute temperatures. There is significant variation in body temperature readings depending on the site at which the temperature was taken. NCIT may still may have, in that it does seem to be able to reliably detect when temperatures are more than that which is clinically normal, and does not seem to give falselyelevated readings in clinically normal horses. In horses that resent having their temperatures taken rectally, the NCIT seems to offer the equine clinician a quick and easy way to at least determine whether the horse's temperature is at or more than normal, even if it does not agree with DRT results.     

假俭草体细胞抗寒突变体的获得及其SRAP分子鉴定

假俭草抗寒性差是限制其广泛应用的主要因素之一。本研究目标是以优良假俭草选系E-126为材料,经低温诱导和筛选获得体细胞抗寒突变体。结果表明,假俭草种子诱导的愈伤组织在继代培养的过程中,经0℃的低温条件下培养26 d,获得了2块存活的愈伤组织,该愈伤组织经过继代增殖后,进行分化、生根和移栽,获得株系1和株系2。苗期外部形态观察结果表明,假俭草低温诱导的株系1、株系2和对照在叶色、叶毛、叶长和叶宽上均没有显著性差异。半致死温度分析结果表明,株系1、株系2以及对照叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)分别为-6.646,-6.546和-5.351℃,处理与对照之间差异显著,且都低于对照,但株系1和株系2之间无显著性差异。SRAP的结果表明,假俭草低温诱导的株系1和株系2在110,230以及240 bp处均存在相同特征带,表明假俭草体细胞突变体植株的变异稳定且在分子水平与对照存在差异,但株系1和株系2无差异。因此,株系1和株系2可作为同一体细胞抗寒突变体株系加以利用。     

4种禾本科牧草苗期抗寒性综合评价

为了探究西藏野生禾本科牧草对低温胁迫的适应性,本研究以西藏野生垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans Griseb）、赖草（Leymus secalinus Tzvel）、紫花针茅（Stipa purpurea）和栽培品种黑麦草（Lolium perenne）为试验材料,比较分析其幼苗在—10℃～5℃低温条件下叶片丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、可溶性糖（Soluble sugar,SS）含量、游离脯氨酸（Free proline,Pro）含量、过氧化物酶（Peroxidase,POD）活性和超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性的变化。结果表明：随着低温胁迫的加剧,所有供试材料叶片MDA含量呈上升趋势,SS含量、Pro含量、POD活性和SOD活性呈先升高后降低趋势,其中黑麦草Pro含量在0℃达到峰值,其他3种指标在—5℃达到峰值,3种野生禾草的各指标均在—5℃达到峰值。采用隶属函数法对各材料进行综合评价并分级,结果表明垂穗披碱草和紫花针茅抗寒性最强,划分为Ⅰ级,赖草抗寒性中等,划分为Ⅱ级,黑麦草抗寒性最弱,划分为Ⅲ级。     

胚胎期高温处理对家蚕生长发育及部分经济性状的影响

用 3 4℃、RH80 %的环境处理 2 0余个家蚕品种的己 + 2 期胚胎 ,结果表明 :高温处理对某些品种的幼虫经过、幼虫体重、全茧量、茧层量等有明显影响 ,对健康性、茧层率无明显影响 ,对丝质无实质影响 ;高温处理对家蚕生长发育和经济性状的影响纯种间存在差异 ,杂交种受影响比纯种小。因此认为 ,高温处理对家蚕生长发育、经济性状的影响不会成为伴性温敏基因和雄蚕品种利用的限制因素 ,部分不良影响可以通过常规育种手段加以解决     

狗牙根果岭的交播技术

主要介绍狗牙根果岭的交播技术 ,包括草种选择和配比、种子直播、交播前后的管理措施 ,并讨论了狗牙根果岭的春季过渡技术等。     

影响紫花苜蓿花药培养因素的探讨与分析

从外植体的选取时期及处理、培养基及激素组合、培养条件等多方面分析,影响紫花苜蓿花药培养的因素,并对花粉植株倍性鉴定、驯化移栽和花粉植株的遗传稳定性进行了初步探讨。     

固化茧丝的丝胶稳定性检测和染色性试验

固化茧丝的丝胶稳定性及染色性直接关系丝胶固着丝绸产品的市场开发前景。通过测定丝胶溶失率、耐洗涤性能和上染率及红外光谱,研究了固化茧丝的丝胶稳定性及适用的染料和部分染色工艺条件。检测结果表明固化茧丝的丝胶溶失率比普通茧丝低,丝胶性能稳定,90℃条件下固化茧丝的丝胶溶失率只有1.6%;红外光谱显示固化茧丝的分子结构发生了一定改变;活性染料和酸性染料对固化茧丝的上染试验显示酸性染料的上染率高于活性染料,但其染色均匀性不及活性染料,活性染料和酸性染料对固化茧丝的最高上染率分别为67.9%、68.5%;适宜固化茧丝纤维上染的温度为70℃,用酸性染料上染固化茧丝不宜采用强酸性浴。     

Palatability and physicochemical properties of sausages prepared via lactic acid fermentation and drying at low temperature

The present study aimed to assess the palatability of sausages undergoing low‐temperature fermentation and drying process. Lactobacillus sakei D‐1001 or Lactobacillus salivarius A001 were used as starter cultures for fermentation, and the following properties of the sausages were investigated: colony‐forming units of lactic acid bacteria; concentrations of lactic acid, protein, peptides, and free amino acids; distribution of protein; composition of free amino acids; and physical properties and taste. Alterations in the composition of proteins, peptides, and free amino acids as well as in various physical properties were caused by fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. A sensory test indicated that the palatability of the fermented sausages was greater than that of the non‐fermented sausages, particularly in terms of hardness and juiciness. This was considered to be due to protein degeneration and changes in the physical properties of the sausages as a result of fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. However, the taste of the fermented sausages was sourer than that of the non‐fermented sausages, and therefore, inferior. Our study revealed that the palatability of the sausages in terms of hardness and juiciness were increased by low‐temperature fermentation by lactic acid bacteria and the drying process.     

Evaluation of feeding spray-dried bovine plasma protein on production performance of laying hens exposed to high ambient temperatures

The purpose of this study was to evaluate feeding 2 levels of spray-dried bovine plasma protein (SDP) on production performance of laying hens subjected to high ambient temperatures. Two groups of 96 Hy-Line W-98 hens (38 wk of age) were housed in each of 2 environmentally controlled chambers. At 40 wk of age, all hens were fed 3 diet treatments consisting of (1) a control diet (0% SDP); (2) the control diet supplemented with 0.75% SDP; and (3) the control diet supplemented with 1.50% SDP. Hens in each chamber (8 cages of 4 hens per cage) were ad libitum fed 1 of each diet for 5 wk. The heat stress (HS) chamber was maintained at 21°C (wk 1), 29°C (wk 2), and 35°C (wk 3 to 5). The thermoneutral chamber was maintained at 21°C during wk 1 to 5. A significant main effect of week was observed for hens maintained in the HS chamber for egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed consumption, which resulted in acute heat stress causing a reduction in these parameters. Hens fed the 1.50% SDP diet in the HS chamber produced greater (P < 0.05) egg mass on average than hens fed the control or 0.75% SDP diet (wk 1 to 5). During the second week of acute HS (wk 4), hens fed the control and 1.50% SDP diets had greater (P < 0.05) egg production than those fed the 0.75% SDP diet. During wk 5, hens in the HS chamber that were fed the 1.50% SDP diet produced more (P < 0.05) eggs than those fed the control diet. Therefore, based on the results of this study, acute HS negatively affected short-term production performance. In addition, feeding hens an SDP-supplemented diet may have a slight positive effect on production performance when maintained in acute HS conditions.