液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测鸡肉中61种抗菌药物

为建立固相萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定鸡肉中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类药物残留的分析方法,通过准确称取2 g鸡肉样品,经PBS缓冲液提取,以Agilent Pleax PCX固相萃取柱净化,最后以液相色谱-串联质谱进行检测.结果显示:在最优试验条件下测得磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类抗菌药物线性良好,相关系数(R...     

Interrelationship of soil moisture and temperature to sylvatic plague cycle among prairie dogs in the Western United States

Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, is a flea-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the world due to its successful maintenance in a sylvatic cycle, mainly in areas with temperate climates. Burrowing rodents are thought to play a key role in the enzootic maintenance as well as epizootic outbreaks of plague. In the United States, prairie dogs (Cynomys), rodents (Muridae), and ground squirrels (Spermophilus) are susceptible to infection and are parasitized by fleas that transmit plague. In particular, prairie dogs can experience outbreaks that rapidly spread, which can lead to extirpation of colonies. A number of ecological parameters, including climate, are associated with these epizootics. In this study, we asked whether soil parameters, primarily moisture and temperature, are associated with outbreaks of plague in black-tailed prairie dogs and Gunnison's prairie dogs in the Western United States, and at what depth these associations were apparent. We collected publicly available county-level information on the occurrence of population declines or colony extirpation, while historical soil data was collected from SCAN and USCRN stations in counties and states where prairie dogs have been located. The analysis suggests that soil moisture at lower depths correlates with colony die-offs, in addition to temperature near the surface, with key differences within the landscape ecology that impact the occurrence of plague. Overall, the model suggests that the burrow environment may play a significant role in the epizootic spread of disease amongst black-tailed and Gunnison's prairie dogs.     

沙打旺黄萎病病原学研究Ⅱ病原菌生长与温度、酸碱度和营养的关系

沙打旺黄萎病菌（Ｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｉｕｍｄａｈｌｉａｅ，营养体亲和群ＶＣＧ２Ｂ）在５～３０℃均能生长，适温２０～２５℃，在３５℃时不能生长。在ｐＨ值４～１０范围内都能生长，２５℃时最适ｐＨ值为５．０～９．０。该菌利用可溶性淀粉、葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖或甘油作碳源时均能正常生长，并生成微菌核，利用硝酸钾、尿素、甘氨酸作氮源时生长较快，以蛋白胨作氮源时，生长较慢，且不能生成微菌核     

基于"3S"技术的甘肃子午岭自然保护区土地利用变化研究

以甘肃省子午岭自然保护区为研究对象,运用"3S"技术,对研究区的地形图、不同时相的TM遥感影像进行数据预处理,并分类提取了研究区2个时段的土地利用信息.对分类信息进行统计分析后并与实地调查数据进行比较,结果表明,近20年来甘肃子午岭自然保护区的森林覆盖面积在稳步提高,乔木林面积明显增加.为甘肃子午岭自然保护区工程的建设提供了基础信息,为林区植物种群生长及分布调查研究提供了宏观数据,并且输出了研究区不同时相土地利用专题图.     

生乳储运条件对品质影响的探究

菌落总数是衡量生乳品质的重要指标之一.生乳中菌落总数基数越大,其品质越不稳定.但因为奶源产地等原因,生乳必须经过一段时间运输才能到达乳品企业进行生产,运输过程可能由于微生物繁殖导致生乳品质下降.试验选取菌落总数基数不同的两批生乳,通过在2～6℃和10～15℃条件下存放,模拟生乳在冷藏储运和脱冷储运状态下,分别储存24 ...     

修剪高度对季节性温度变化下早熟禾生理生态特性的影响

修剪高度的差异会影响冷季型草坪草的生长,探究合理的修剪高度可为草坪草可持续利用提供理论基础。本研究通过测定两年生长季（2012年和2013年）草地早熟禾（8年生）草坪的外观质量（TQ）、地上部分生物量（AB）、光合作用（Pn）、总呼吸作用（R_total）和碳水化合物（TNC）等指标,探讨了修剪高度对冷季型草坪草生理生态特性的影响。试验结果表明,当大气温度高于23~24℃时,不同修剪高度7.6 cm （高修剪高度,HM）和3.8 cm （低修剪高度,LM）下的早熟禾TQ、AB和Pn均降低,与HM相比,在LM下下降更显著。在7—9月的高温条件下,早熟禾地上部分、根系和土壤R高于Pn;但在美国新泽西州较冷的季节（5—6月） Pn高于R。研究表明,较低的修剪高度尤其是在高温条件下降低了草坪草Pn,季节性温度变化下可以通过改变修剪高度影响成熟草坪草的生长,从而缓解高温对草坪生长带来的不利影响。     

添加不同乳酸菌对燕麦低温青贮发酵的影响

为了分析前期筛选出较耐低温不同乳酸菌（Lactic acid bacteria,LAB）对燕麦青贮发酵的影响,本试验以'陇燕5号’燕麦为原料,设置对照（CK）、商用菌株SLI和较耐低温菌株OL77,OL54及OL122共5个处理,在15℃,10℃和5℃低温下自然发酵45 d后进行营养成分、发酵品质和微生物数量的测定。结果表明：乳酸菌添加及温度对燕麦青贮的营养成分、发酵品质、微生物数量均有极显著影响。随着温度从15℃降至5℃,CK的粗蛋白（Crude protein,CP）降低了18.92%,氨态氮（Ammonia nitrogen,NH₃-N）增加了58.47%;与SLI相比,耐低温菌株OL77在提高干物质（Dry matter,DM）和CP、降低NH₃-N水平方面的效果优于OL54和OL122;添加剂在各温度处理下均提高了燕麦青贮发酵品质,15℃下添加OL77后燕麦青贮的pH值较CK和SLI分别降低了8.94%和1.57%,乳酸分别增加了79.23%和29.41%,乳酸菌数量分别增加了50.24%和15.61%。3个耐低温菌株中,OL77总体表现最优,促进燕麦低温发酵的效果最好。     

Increasing selenium supply during the close-up dry period improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates inflammatory response after calving in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to investigate whether feeding selenium (Se)-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy affects nutrient metabolism and inflammatory response during the periparturient period. Twenty cows were randomly assigned to two groups with 10 cows each. Cows in one group received Se-yeast at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM during the last 4 weeks before calving in addition to fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Se-yeast), while cows in another group were only fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Control). Blood samples were collected and analyzed for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), and albumin. In control cows, plasma NEFA, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp levels increased after calving, but glucose, insulin, and albumin levels decreased after parturition. Se-yeast supplemental cows had lower postpartum concentrations of NEFA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp, and higher postpartum levels of glucose, insulin, and albumin compared with control cows. The results indicate that feeding Se-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates the inflammatory response after calving.     

温度对垂穗披碱草青贮品质的影响

为探讨不同温度下青藏高原垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）贮藏过程中发酵品质的动态变化,本研究以采自青海省果洛藏族自治州的垂穗披碱草为青贮原料,在当地完成塑料袋青贮后带回实验室分别置于15和25 ℃下进行青贮,在贮藏2、4、6、8、12、14、30、60 d后开袋,测定其相关指标。结果表明,15 ℃处理下,pH值缓慢下降至5.68,乳酸含量1.44%,青贮效果不佳;25 ℃增加了乳酸含量（6.21%）,使pH值显著降至4.27（P<0.05）,取得了良好的青贮效果。随着贮藏时间的延长,AN/TN值逐渐增加,乙酸含量在发酵初期(4 d内)显著增加（P<0.05）,在发酵后期水溶性碳水化合物含量显著降低（P<0.05）,之后保持稳定。温度和发酵时间对粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量没有显著影响（P>0.05）。     

五种草坪草生态适应性的研究

通过对5种草坪草在不同极限温度、水分和光照条件下的生理反应研究了这几种草坪草的生态适应能力。结果表明，狗牙根和高羊茅有较强的环境适应性，早熟禾、黑麦草和紫羊茅的环境适应性相对较弱。但它们有特殊的生理环境适应性。如普通早熟禾经研究是短日照喜温植物，有较好的耐荫性。