不同温度下气调及红桔油对嗜卷书虱的熏蒸作用研究

应用四元二次旋转组合设计,研究了温度,ＣＯ２,Ｏ２及红桔油四因子五水平不同组合对嗜卷书虱的熏蒸作用。结果表明四因子对嗜卷书虱熏蒸作用的效果影响显著;单因子效应分析表明,四因子中ＣＯ２浓度对试虫死亡率的影响最大,红桔油浓度次之,温度第三,Ｏ２浓度作用最小;因子间互作分析表明,温度和其它三个因子以及Ｏ２和红桔油间存在着极的交互效应,而ＣＯ２和Ｏ２以及红桔油间交互效应不显著。     

干拌法橡胶粉改性沥青混合料高温稳定性的时间敏感性分析

利用干拌法制作橡胶粉改性沥青混合料,将搅拌好的沥青混合热料在搅拌锅中进行闷料处理,温度恒温在165℃,分别闷至0 min、15 min、30 min、45 min、60 min,用每个时间段的沥青混合料制成试验用的试件进行高温稳定性分析,结果表明,在闷料开始阶段,橡胶粉改性沥青混合料的稳定度随闷料时间的增加逐渐提高,当闷料时间为15 min左右时,混合料的稳定性达到最大值,随后,稳定性逐渐下降。     

Influence of race and post infection temperature on two components of partial resistance to wheat leaf rust in seedlings of wheat

Summary Components of partial resistance, infection frequency and latency period, were determined in 71 winter and spring wheat genotypes in the seedling stage, after infection with three races of leaf rust (Felix 3B, Clement B and Betuwe 85C) at three different day/night temperature regimes (24/18°C, 18/12°C and 12/6°C). The genotypes were split into two groups and two separate experiments were carried out. Five genotypes, SVP 84039, Akabozu, Banco, BH 1146 and Orso, conferred a low infection frequency and a long latency period and Westphal 12A a long latency period, indicating a relatively high level of partial resistance. The correlation coefficient between infection frequency and latency period was low. Race-specificity was not found. There was a significant temperature effect on the latency period. In the second experiment the temperature x genotype interaction was significant. Temperature-response functions of transformed data demonstrated that the latency periods of four relatively resistant genotypes, Westphal 12A, Banco, BH 1146 and Orso and of Sarno and Mirela were most sensitive to temperature. The range between the genotypes with the longest and the shortest latency period was highest at 12°C. Therefore, low temperature regimes are preferred to distinguish differences in level of partial resistance.     

Effects of photoperiod and temperature on flowering in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

Summary Forty strains of mungbeans, including all of the entries in the 1st and 2nd International Mungbean Nurseries (IMN), were grown in plant growth chambers in photoperiods of 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 hours and mean temperatures of 18, 23, and 28°C. Results show that (1) mungbean strains differ in their flowering response to photoperiod and to mean temperature; (2) increasing the photoperiod of reducing the mean temperature delayed flowering, the amount of delay varied with the strain: (3) variations in mean temperature may alter the effect of the photoperiod on flowering in particular strains. Twenty-five strains which flowered in all photoperiod-temperature treatments could be divided into four groups, each group being successively later in flowering. The remaining 15 strains could be divided into four groups, according to their failure to flower within 105 days in specific photoperiod-temperature treatments. Flowering response in the growth chamber is useful in explaining flowering response in the 2nd IMN at three locations varying from 14°N to 49°N latitude.Contribution No 7516 from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Root zone temperature alters storage root formation and growth of sweetpotato

Large mounds amended with plant residues are a common cultivation method for sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) in the western parts of the Papua New Guinea highlands, with a suggested benefit of elevated root zone temperature (RZT) from decomposition. This study aimed to evaluate whether RZT affects the formation and growth of sweetpotato storage roots. Experiments evaluated the effects of a constant elevated RZT on the Beauregard cultivar and of a short‐term increase in RZT on the Beauregard and Northern Star cultivars. Plants were grown in 18‐L pots divided into a control compartment (constant RZT at 20°C) and a treated compartment (RZT at 30, 40 or 50°C). Constant elevated RZT was maintained until harvest, while short‐term increase in RZT occurred in weeks 2 and 3 only. Constant elevated RZT did not affect the total number of storage roots, but RZT of 30°C and above reduced the dry‐biomass of storage roots. The short‐term increase in RZT did not alter the total number or dry‐biomass of storage roots in Beauregard, while both of these attributes were reduced at RZT of 40°C or above in Northern Star. Elevated RZT inhibited dry‐biomass accumulation of storage root, with a more pronounced impact at constant elevated RZT. These results demonstrate that any benefits of the mound culture on sweetpotato yield production do not arise through the influence of temperature elevation.     

孕穗期低温条件下ABA对水稻结实率及叶片生理特性的影响

为了明确ABA对孕穗期低温下水稻结实率及叶片生理特性的调控效应,本试验在盆栽条件下,以2个水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种‘龙粳11’（冷敏型）和‘龙稻5’（耐冷型）为材料,于孕穗期在人工气候室进行低温（15℃,持续1,2,3,4,5天）处理,并喷施不同浓度的脱落酸(ABA),研究低温条件下ABA对不同水稻结实率的调控效应,同时探讨了ABA和低温对水稻叶片膜透性、抗氧化酶等生理特性的影响。结果表明：低温条件下,‘龙稻5’的结实率变化不大,‘龙粳11’的结实率显著降低,20 mg/L的ABA能够有效缓解低温伤害,相对提高低温胁迫下水稻的结实率。叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性表现出先升高后下降的变化趋势,‘龙稻5’的抗氧化酶活性、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量高于‘龙粳11’,但丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率低于‘龙粳11’。ABA可提高冷敏品种的抗氧化酶活性、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量,同时可降低MDA含量和相对电导率。这说明ABA可以通过调控水稻抗氧化酶、可溶性糖等生理指标的活性及含量,进而提高冷敏水稻品种的耐冷性。     

Research on a dynamic tracking model for reservoir water flooding of separated zone water injection

Waterflood is one of the main oil reservoir development ways. Premature flooding of production wells during water flooding process will reduce oil recovery. Therefore,it is particularly important to establish a dynamic tracking model for reservoir water flooding of separated zone water injection. Based on the basic principles of heat and mass transfer,according to well temperature curve to determine the water profile,Poisson process analysis and stochastic process methods are adopted to calculate water saturation,water breakthrough time and water cut of each layer in water flooded reservoir at any one time. When oil reservoir gradually become water flooded,the calculated water cut of model considering micro-pore distribution of the reservoir tends to the measured water cut,and the calculation error is less than 5%. Case study shows that the layer of the higher injection rate,with high flow channel such as micro fracture,where there is the faster increase in water saturation,the shorter water breakthrough time and faster increase in water cut,and vice versa. Research result provides time guarantee to take measures for inhibiting or delaying water breakthrough of production wells.     

Influence of lamb presence on daily rhythm in lactating ewes

Abstract

To determine the influence of lamb presence on the dairy ewes circadian system we monitored simultaneously 16 different parameters (insulin, glucose, total protein, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, total bilirubine, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, rectal temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate). Sixteen clinically healthy Sarda breed dairy ewes, divided into two groups, group A with their lambs and group B without their lambs, were used. Data collection was done at 3 hourly intervals over a 24-h period. Our results indicate that lamb presence influences ewes metabolism, inducing modifications of the acrophase and robustness of the rhythm of some physiological variables. Most variables lost the rhythmicity that they show in not pregnant and not lactating ewes. Lamb presence also influenced urea circadian rhythm: the time of urea peak was shifted from 16:00 to 12:24±00:35 when ewes were housed with lambs, and on triglycerides circadian rhythm.     

THE SCINTIGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF SOLID PHASE GASTRIC EMPTYING IN NORMAL CATS

The gastric emptying half-time of solid food in normal cats was determined using a scintigraphic technique. ^99mTc-sulfur colloid was applied to dry food. Sequential images were acquired post prandial, and the gastric emptying half-time was determined for several different acquisition and processing parameters. Good correlation was found between different acquisition and processing methods, some of which made use of edge detection applications, while others used different views, or number of views from which the gastric emptying half-time was calculated. The mean ± standard deviation, (range) and median of the gastric emptying half-time determined using the geometric mean of total counts in hand-drawn regions of interest from the lateral and ventral images were 2.47 × 0.71, (1.42–3.61) and 2.37 hours respectably.     

A Long-Term Study of the Environment Within a Tunnel Incubator for Turkey Eggs

A 6-mo study of the temperatures within a tunnel incubator in a commercial turkey hatchery was conducted to determine the extent that the incubation environment varied with the type of egg incubated. The tunnel incubator moves air through the mass of eggs from the oldest to the youngest embryos, and air temperature was found to increase by approximately 1°F as it passed through the eggs. The temperature of the air entering the eggs was maintained at a constant temperature by the incubator, but the temperature of the air leaving the eggs showed considerable day-to-day variation. The main cause of temperature variation within the incubator was the setting of fresh eggs into and the transferring of d-25 eggs out of the incubator. However, the temperature was also found to vary with the predicted total embryo metabolic heat production within the incubator estimated from the age of the embryo, egg mass, and breeder flock fertility. The temperature of air within the egg mass was also measured and shown to correspond more closely to the temperature of the air where it exits the eggs rather than where it enters the eggs or the machine-operating temperature.