A model of decision-making and information flows for information-intensive agriculture

This paper describes the development of a systems based model to characterise farmers’ decision-making process in information-intensive practices, and its evaluation in the context of Precision Agriculture (PA). A participative methodology was developed in which farm managers decomposed their process of decision-making into brief decision statements along with associated information requirements. The methodology was first developed on a university research farm in Denmark and further revised during testing on a number of research and commercial farms in Indiana, USA. Twenty-one decision-analysis factors were identified to characterise a farm manager’s decision-making process. Then, a general data flow diagram (DFD) was constructed that describes the information flows “from data to decision”. Illustrative examples of the model in the form of DFDs are presented for a strategic, a tactical and an operational decision. The model was validated for a range of decisions related to operations by three university farm managers and by five commercial farmers practicing PA for cereal, corn and soybean production in Denmark and in Indiana, USA.     

葫芦岛市农业机械化可持续发展战略设计

通过对农业机械化可持续发展影响因素以及农业机械化现状深入、系统的调查,并对大量统计数据进行科学分析,结合葫芦岛市国民经济发展现状、农业以及农机发展实际,同时结合自然和地理优势,着重提出了农业机械化可持续发展的指导思想和基本原则,指出了农业机械化可持续发展的战略目标、战略任务和战略重点.由此为未来葫芦岛市农业机械化可持续发展提供了思路.     

基于投入产出模型的MICK-4FI模式研究

波特竞争战略侧重从外部行业环境角度解释企业运营问题,但是实证分析结果证明资源对企业发展影响重大。针对目前尚无具体模式研究企业如何立足现有资源进行发展问题,本文基于资源基础论,将企业资源具体分为物质、信息、资金和知识资源(MICK),提出了MICK-4FI(四流集成)资源运营模式,借助投入产出模型构建MICK-4FI模式分析框架。文中利用聚焦和杠杆作用定性地解释了企业培育或者集成资源,即企业获取资源形成竞争优势的机理。本模式将资源基础论应用到企业实践层次,解决了企业通过集成运营内外部资源以求快速发展的路径依赖问题。资源运营理论从微观资源角度分析企业经营,与波特从宏观行业分析的理论共同构成一套系统的企业运营理论体系。     

名牌战略——浅谈君山银针营销策略

在市场经济条件下,实行君山银针的品牌战略,应确立“茶盖中华,价压天下”这一“卖点”。积极参与市场竞争,加强保护意识,从而赢得市场。     

束丝藻的竞争优势及其驱动机制的研究进展

束丝藻（Aphanizomenon）是一种丝状固氮蓝藻,具有入侵性且易暴发有害水华。近年来,在全球气候变化推动下束丝藻的扩张已然成为一种世界范围的现象,其广泛分布在温带、热带水体中,因其能合成藻毒素和异味物质而严重影响水生态系统功能,威胁饮用水安全和人类健康。束丝藻耐低温、喜低光,在偏碱性、低氮高磷水体中增殖较快,并凭其固氮、储磷以及释放藻毒素、形成群体胶鞘等独特生态策略使其在种间竞争以及群落结构演替中获得较大竞争优势,成为优势种群。鉴于束丝藻的危害性和扩张性,本文从束丝藻的生理生态特性、分布特征、竞争优势及其关键驱动因子等研究前沿进行了综述,并对相关研究领域进行展望,为进一步研究束丝藻种群竞争优势形成机制,有效防控束丝藻水华提供科学依据。     

从乡村振兴视角谈科技特派员制度创新——以浙江省为例

乡村振兴战略的提出赋予科技特派员制度新的要求:产业振兴要求体系更完整,且有产业化更强的科技供给能力;文化振兴和生态振兴对科技特派员的人文和规划设计素养提出新需求;组织振兴和人才振兴赋予了科技特派员制度新使命。从政府和高校2个维度对科技特派员制度提出创新建议:拓宽振兴领域,打造科技特派员制度升级版;强化多方联动,激发科技特派员制度新动能;发挥高校优势,建设双师型科技特派员新队伍;推进劳动教育,挖掘科技特派员制度新功能。     

广州地区观赏植物寄生线虫初步鉴定与防治

从广州的13种观赏植物寄主上采集的30份样品中,初步鉴定出8个属的花卉寄生线虫,分别为螺旋属、平滑垫刃属、长针属、剑属、沼泽垫刃属、滑刃属、肾状属和短体属,其中螺旋属和长针属的寄主范围较宽,是广州花卉的重要寄生线虫。并提出了线虫病害的综合防治策略。     

关于大庆市河蟹养殖情况的调查

文章通过对大庆市杜蒙、林句、肇源三县的实地调查,全面介绍了这些地方河蟹养殖的基本情况、突出特点,分析了河蟹养殖发展过程中存在的制约因素和问题,结合大庆市的实际情况,提出了今后发展河蟹养殖业的相关对策建议。     

北海市瓜菜大棚设施栽培现状与发展对策

从规模、新技术应用、栽培模式、效益等方面阐述了北海市瓜幕大棚设施栽培的现状,同时分析了存在的问题,并针对现状和存在的问题提出了政策扶持、创建品牌、强化培训、加大投入和加强产品质量检测等发展对策,旨在促进大棚设施栽培产业的健康可持续发展.     

Interactions between fishing strategies of Nephrops trawlers in the Bay of Biscay and Norway lobster diel activity patterns

Abstract  Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (L.), in the Bay of Biscay exhibited diel activity patterns with more individuals outside their burrows at dawn and dusk, increasing catchability at these times. Data from an on board observer programme on Nephrops trawlers between 2002 and 2005 were used to assess variability in catchability in commercial catches. Catch numbers per haul varied spatially and between months, but no signal for diel variations was found. Fishing strategies developed by the Nephrops trawlers had several components. On a seasonal level, they started around sunrise. On a haul level, haul duration decreased from haul to haul, with the longest hauls taking place at the time of the highest catchability. By-catch of hake, Merluccius merluccius (L.), increased more than proportionally with haul duration.