厌氧-好氧活性污泥系统中聚糖菌富集条件研究及其应用进展

基于国内外学者对聚糖菌的最新研究成果,综述了聚糖菌的种群类型和代谢机理,主要阐述了厌氧-好氧活性污泥系统中的泥龄、水力停留时间、温度、pH值等因素对聚糖菌生长的影响。结合富集聚糖菌的活性污泥在污水处理和资源循环利用领域内的实际应用价值,展望了对聚糖菌的研究前景。     

高效聚磷鞘氨醇杆菌XF-5的分离与鉴定

采用寡营养与长时间培养方法,从活性污泥与土壤样品中分离筛选到7株高效聚磷菌。以菌株的除磷率为考察指标,确定其中的XF-5为高效聚磷菌株。对其培养条件进行优化,并进行了生理生化特性的检测与系统发育分析。16SrRNA基因序列的分析结果显示,XF-5与鞘氨醇杆菌属的菌种同源性达99%,结合生长特点与生理生化特性,初步确定该菌株为鞘氨醇杆菌(No-vosphingobiumsp.)。当合成废水中总磷质量浓度为10.0mg/L时,将菌株XF-5在28℃、pH值为6.5的条件下培养24h,除磷率可达80%以上。该菌株在污水除磷与水体富营养化的防治方面,有潜在的应用前景。     

淡水中重金属镉的水质基准制定

通过查阅数据库,研究了重金属镉对我国淡水水生生物的毒性效应一,在借鉴美国环境保护局提出的毒性百分数排序法的基础上,结合我国的生物区系特点和实际情况,计算出了淡水中镉的最终急性值、最终慢性值和最终残留值,分别为17．400、1．036、0．123μg／L,并在此基础上,得出了淡水镉的基准值,即基准最大浓度为8．700μg／L,基准连续浓度为0．123μg／L     

转基因产品的安全性评价

现代生物技术的飞速发展,在给人类带来巨大收益的同时,生物安全也成了国际上倍受争议的问题。较全面地介绍了转基因的安全性,阐述了生物安全现状,就转基因产品对人类健康、生态环境的潜在危害、以及国际上现有的评价措施进行了综述。     

菊酯类农药对水田生物影响研究进展

拟除虫菊酯类农药是一个重要的杀虫剂类别,对有害昆虫具有良好的触杀作用.但是,在中国一直被禁止应用于水田害虫防治.本文综述了菊酯类农药对各种水田生物的急性和慢性作用机制、影响因子,提出拟除虫菊酯类农药能否在水田应用需要进行深入系统的研究论证.     

瑞昌市林业有害生物发生情况及防治对策

随着林业的快速发展，林业有害生物所造成的生态损失和经济损失愈加突出，已经严重地影响了森林质量和系统功能的发挥，成为制约生态建设和林业快速发展的一大障碍。减轻有害生物所造成的损失，保护农民利益，促进农村经济发展是林业工作面临的重大课题。     

患颤抖病中华绒螯蟹体内类立克次体侵染的光镜和电镜观察

对江苏和安徽地区患颤抖病的中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis)各器官和组织进行光镜和电镜观察。结果表明，类立克次体（Richettsia-like Organisms,RLOs)广泛寄生于病蟹各器官和组织中。它们特异性地寄生于病蟹各器官的肌肉和结缔组织以及血细胞中，血淋巴中的小颗粒细胞是类立克次体的主要繁殖场所和传播载体。类立克次体对病蟹机体的结缔组织的广泛侵入，以及对胸神经节及神经与肌肉的接头-运动终板的侵染正是颤抖病症状（不食、肌无力、肢体阵发性颤抖）的病理结构基础。本研究旨在探讨RLOs与中华绒螯蟹颤抖病的关系，从而为建立有效的防治措施奠定理论基础。     

天津大神堂海域不同时间序列礁体附着生物群落特征变化

本研究于2018年9月通过打捞鱼礁的方式调查了2010、2012、2014、2016和2018年投放礁区礁体附着生物情况。结果显示,虽然不同年份投礁区礁体附着生物的种类和数量有所差异,但长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)均占绝对优势。2018年投礁区由于礁体投放时间较短,尚未形成稳定的附着生物群落,其礁体附着生物的种类数、附着生物数量和重量、生物多样性指数和物种均匀度指数均显著低于其他年份。2010年投礁区域礁体附着生物种类和数量均显著高于其他年份,但在附着生物重量上无显著差异。研究表明,人工鱼礁附着生物优势种种类组成受到其所处海域地理位置的影响很大,时间序列对人工鱼礁附着生物的影响在投放前期较为明显,当生物量达到一定数值后,其影响明显减弱,但其生物生态环境仍在缓慢改善,生物多样性逐步增加。     

Antitumor peptides from marine organisms

The biodiversity of the marine environment and the associated chemical diversity constitute a practically unlimited resource of new antitumor agents in the field of the development of marine bioactive substances. In this review, the progress on studies of antitumor peptides from marine sources is provided. The biological properties and mechanisms of action of different marine peptides are described; information about their molecular diversity is also presented. Novel peptides that induce apoptosis signal pathway, affect the tubulin-microtubule equilibrium and inhibit angiogenesis are presented in association with their pharmacological properties. It is intended to provide useful information for further research in the fields of marine antitumor peptides.     

Glucose metabolism in detached leaves of tomato plants grown with ammonium and nitrate as nitrogen sources

The metabolism of exogenous glucose-¹⁴C in the light and the dark was studied in the detached leaves of tomato plants grown with ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. In the light, ¹⁴CO₂, release and incorporation of glucose into insoluble materials were hardly affected at all by the nitrogen sources. Among the soluble labelled amino acids, serine had the greatest amount of label in the ammonium-plants while aspartate had the greatest amount in the nitrate-plants. This aspartate was synthesized from C₃-compounds by carboxylation. During dark-light transition, the change in the composition of soluble amino acids was more rapid in the ammonium-plants than in the nitrate-plants. In the dark, ¹⁴CO₂-release, which was ten times as much as in the light, was larger in the ammonium-plants than in the nitrate-plants; but the synthesis of high molecular compounds from glucose in the ammonium-plants was about half that in the nitrate-plants. So, it is considered that respiration operates sufficiently in the ammonium-plants. The effects of DCMU and a 100% O₂ atmosphere on glucose metabolism in both groups of plants were studied and the respiration of leaves in the light was discussed.