Characteristics of Microencapsulated Nutritional Oil for Infant Formula Food

Nutritional oil for infant formula food was microencapsulated by the spray drying method with coating materials including maltodextrin （MD）, soy protein isolate （SPI）, and emulsifier （soy lecithin）. Vegetable oil blend was prepared by mixing coconut oil, safflower oil and soybean oil at a ratio to achieve a fatty acid profile comparable to human milk fat （HMF）. The fatty acid composition of the product was determined by capillary gas chromatograph. As a result, the composition was as close as possible to that of HMF, it could be used for infant fomular food to make up some deficiencies of milk powder in nutrition and functional properties. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature （Tg） of the wall material was determined by DSC and its Tg was 66.42℃. It provided a theoretical basis for the storage of the product at the normal temperature.     

辣木油的抗氧化稳定性研究

研究温度、光照时间对辣木油抗氧化稳定性的影响,以此选择合理的保存方式。用石油醚浸出法制成辣木油试样,以过氧化值(POV)为试验指标,采用Sehaal烘箱法和室内自然光照射法进行试验,测定不同温度和不同受热、光照时间下的POV值并计算氧化诱导时间。结果表明:不同受热时间下测得的POV值之间的差异性不显著,而不同光照时间的POV值则具有显著性差异,说明辣木油对温度比较稳定,但对光照则相反,光照时间越长抗氧化的稳定性就越差,光照氧化诱导时间仅为3.5 d。提示了辣木油应在20℃左右保存并特别注意避光,在此条件下的货架期可达304 d。      

地源热泵加热系统在油田的应用研究

在原油集输加热中,地源热泵加热系统可用于替代传统的燃油或燃气锅炉加热方式,起到节能减排的效果。研究了地源热泵在油田采油井中的应用,结果表明,在采油井中使用地源热泵系统替代锅炉为外输油加热完全可行,适合于在油田中进行推广和应用。     

超临界CO2萃取柚籽精油工艺条件的优化

采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取柚籽精油,研究了萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度及CO2流量等因素对柚籽精油得率的影响,进行最佳工艺优化;同时对柚籽精油的脂肪酸成分进行分析．结果表明,最佳工艺条件为：萃取压力35MPa、萃取温度40℃、CO2流量为16L·h^-1、萃取时间1h,精油得率达33．90％。气象色谱分析表明,柚籽精油中饱和脂肪酸占32．11％、不饱和脂肪酸占66．65％．     

Heterosis for Seed Yield,Oil Content and Other Characters in Rapeseed （Brassica napus L.）

Nine inbred lines of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) used as male were crossed to five recessive genetic male sterile (RGMS) lines used as female to produce 45 single crosses. The crosses, their parents and a check hybrid were tested at two locations during 2007 to 2008 for testing the performance and heterosis of hybrids for seed yield and other characters. Results showed that variations for seed yield, oil content, days to flowering and days to maturity were significant. Mean squares for hybrids were significant for all characters. High heterosis (–4.5%-88.3%), heterobeltiosis (–15.6%-81.1%) and standard heterosis (–34.8%-33.1%) were found for the seed yield. The highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis were found in the cross QH303-4A×1190. The highest standard heterosis was found in the cross Qianyou8A×Q034. Both positive and negative heterosis of single crosses were detected for the oil content. Small heterosis was found for days to flowering and days to maturity. Among parents, Ⅲ188, Ⅲ224, and Q034 were proved to be the superior for seed yield when used as parents in most of the hybrid combinations. 2365, Ⅲ224, and QH303-4AB were good for high oil content breeding. Ⅲ176, 2313 and Qianyou3AB were good for the early hybrid breeding. Total 11 hybrids yielded higher than 2 500 kg·hm -2 and also gave significantly positive heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis. Among them, 10 crosses gave higher oil content than that of check. These crosses can be used in the future breeding program for the seed yield and the oil content. Two crosses including Qianyou3A ×Ⅲ224 and Qianyou3A×2313 can be used for the early breeding program.     

施肥对油茶生长与叶片营养元素含量的影响

以油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel)为试验材料,研究了施用氮、磷、钾肥对油茶生长、产量及油茶叶片N、P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn等营养元素含量的影响。结果表明,施肥可促进油茶树高、冠幅和地径的生长,影响顺序为N＞P＞K。施肥后、油茶叶片中Fe、Mn、Cu呈上升趋势,N、P、K、Zn整体上呈下降趋势。叶片中N、P、K元素之间呈正相关关系,这3种元素与Fe、Mn、Cu呈负相关关系;元素Fe、Mn、Cu之间呈正相关,但这三者与元素Zn呈负相关。     

埋地油气输送管道沿线地温的计算

针对如何计算一定深度下土壤温度的问题,基于半无限大空间非稳态导热理论,建立了油气输送管道埋深处的地温计算模型。结合粘土、轻壤土、砂土、砂砾及中、重壤土的土壤孔隙率和密度,研究了土壤在水淹、润湿、干旱、沙漠环境下的导热系数和体积热容计算方法,确定了地温计算模型中的土壤导热系数和体积热容取值。计算值与实测值的对比结果表明,该模型能够基于土壤质地、含水量、年平均气温、最高气温和最低气温准确计算地温值。（表6,图1,参10）     

混合溶剂提取杜仲籽油工艺研究

以杜仲籽为原料、环己烷和石油醚的混合溶液为提取溶剂,进行杜仲籽油提取工艺研究。对影响杜仲籽油提取得率的料液比、溶剂密度、提取温度、提取时间等单因素进行探讨,采用正交试验进一步对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明:提取杜仲籽油的最佳工艺为料液比1∶8(g/mL)、溶剂密度为0.754 g/cm3、提取温度60℃、提取时间60 min,在此条件下杜仲籽毛油提取得率为30.10%。     

异樟不同部位精油成分的气相色谱-质谱比较分析1）

采用气相色谱—质谱（ GC/MS）联用技术和保留指数比较法分析了精油成分,以面积归一化法进行定量分析。结果表明：从异樟叶、新枝、老枝、树干、主根和侧根6个不同部位精油中分别检测出了41、51、51、41、39、39种成分;共检测出了74种物质,包括醇类、烃类、醚类、酮类、酯类、醛类及氧化物类化合物,其中醇类20种、烃类40种、醚类6种、酮类1种、酯类3种、醛类1种及氧化物类3种。它们共有成分有20种,包括7种醇类、7种烃类、3种醚类、1种酮类、1种酯类及1种氧化物类。     

响应面法对鱼肝油微胶囊化复合壁材的优化研究

[目的]优化鱼肝油进行微胶囊化的壁材用量。[方法]以天然鱼肝油为芯材,通过单因素试验研究乳清蛋白、β-环糊精、阿拉伯胶壁材对鱼肝油微胶囊化包埋率的影响,再结合中心组合响应面设计优化复合壁材用量,建立3种壁材用量与包埋率的数学模型。[结果]试验表明,在乳液浓度为25%时,鱼肝油微胶囊化3种壁材乳清蛋白、β-环糊精、阿拉伯胶的最佳使用比例为0.217、0.217、0.217,3种壁材比例为1∶1∶1。在此条件下,鱼肝油微粉的包埋率可达85.44%。[结论]研究可为鱼肝油的高效利用和产品开发提供技术支持。