外源DNA导入小麦后的变异系生物学特性及胚乳蛋白的研究

应用受粉后的花粉管能通道Ｃ４作物高梁ＤＮＡ和抗逆性强的长穗偃麦草ＤＮＡ导入小麦，结果在不同组合中出现了不同类型的广泛变异，在三个组合中已选育出几个稳定遗传的优良变异系，其生物学性状大多是介于原受体和供体之间。主要特性是叶功能期延长，籽粒千粒重和单株粒重增加，增产显著，抗锈病能力增强等，其胚乳蛋白电泳图谱发季了明显变化，在变异系中产生了新的蛋白质组分，而且Ａ区和Ｂ区增加的是蛋白质群，相反原受体６８－     

Genetic diversity of Brassica napus L. Germplasm from China and Europe assessed by some agronomically important characters

Summary The genetic diversity and relationships among 63 rapeseed accessions, including 34 Chinese, 22 Czech, 2 Swedish, 2 German, one French and 2 Canadian accessions, were evaluated by nine agronomically important characters in the field at Yangling, Shaanxi, China. Significant differences between Chinese and European group in plant height, setting position of the first primary branch, number of siliques of the terminal raceme, thousand seed weight and seed yield per plant were detected. There were significant variations in nine agronomic characters among the tested rapeseed accessions. Ward’s minimum variance cluster analysis based on Mahalanobis distances on the raw data of nine agronomic characters clearly separated the European accessions from the Chinese ones. However, the Chinese accessions with erucic acid free and/or low glucosinolates could not be separated from those Chinese accessions with both high erucic acid and glucosinolates. In general, cluster analysis of the 63 accessions based on the selected agronomic characters was consistent with known pedigree information and geographic origin, as well as the previous RAPD results of these accessions. The European rapeseed could be important germplasm resources for enriching the genetic background of Chinese rapeseed, and vice versa.     

叶底珠种子形态与组分研究

对叶底珠种子形态特征和内含物组分含量进行了研究测定。结果表明：①叶底珠种子呈蒜瓣状，种皮棕色，角质，稍具光泽，属双子叶有胚乳种子。种子长宽厚大小为2．21mm×1．67mm×1．52mm，单粒重3．14mg。②叶底珠种子发芽率为99％，是子叶出土幼苗，种子萌发所需时间较短，从浸种到萌发，水培、24℃恒温箱中大约需3d；土培、室温约需7d。③叶底珠种子粗脂肪含量为37．12％，明显高于可溶性糖（0．0603％）、淀粉（3．5703％）、游离氨基酸（0．0933％）、蛋白质（12．16％）等其它内含物的含量，还含有Fe、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn等多种矿质元素，且Ca、Mg含量明显高于其它矿质元素。     

A simple procedure for yield component analysis

Summary This paper introduces a simple method of analysing yield components. It allows quantification of the contribution of each component to the variability of final yield. The method is based on log-transforms of measurements of the component traits. Applications in heterosis breeding and stability analysis are discussed. The method is compared to other procedures of yield component analysis.     

Introduction to an investigation into the possibilities of using physiological characters in breeding tomato for low energy conditions

Summary An introduction is given to a series of papers on an investigation into the possibilities of using physiological characters in breeding tomato for low energy conditions.     

应用实测含水率剖面估算冬小麦相对根长密度分布

根长密度是根系研究中不可缺少的一个参数，但其适时准确的测定却存在相当的困难。该文应用平均根系吸水速率反求方法，提出了在已知两个实测含水率剖面的条件下，估算相对根长密度分布的方法，并通过田间实验和土柱实验对该方法进行了检验，结果表明：该方法可以较好地估算相对根长密度的分布，为土壤水分运移的连续模拟提供较为可靠的参数。     

人工林班克松木材材质径向变异规律研究

以人工林班克松的木材解剖性质为研究对象,分析研究其株内木材材质径向变异模式,对其幼龄材和成熟材进行初步界定。结果表明：早材管胞径弦向直径和晚材胞壁率的变化符合PashinⅠ模型,早材胞壁率的变化符合PanshinⅢ模型;回归分析中早材拟合度较晚材好;幼龄材和成熟材的初步界定年限为9-11a。     

荸荠秆枯病菌生物学性状研究

荸荠秆枯菌（ＣｙｌｉｎｄｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍｅｌｅｏｃｈａｒｉｄｉｓＬｅｎｔｚ）生长发育温度８～３５℃，最适于菌丝体生长、产孢的温度为２５～３０℃，２０～２８℃孢子萌芽率较高。致死温度４６℃１０ｍｉｎ。病菌在ＲＨ７５％以上生长良好，其产孢量则随湿度升高而增加。ＲＨ８１％以上孢子可以发芽，饱和湿度再加水滴时发芽率最高。ＰＨ４．５０～９．１３均较适于病菌生长，产孢量则以在ＰＨ６．９４～９．１３时较多，ＰＨ４．２０～７．６０较适宜孢子发芽。连续黑光灯照射有促进孢子形成和菌丝体旺盛生长的作用。此菌对多种单糖、双糖和多糖都能利用，以蜜二糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖等产孢量较多。适于病菌生长和产孢的氮源是甘氨酸、ＤＬ－α－氨基丙酸和氨基乙酸，脲素较差。     

温度与再生稻农艺性状的相关性研究

1987-1988年用杂交稻汕优63和冈矮63，在重庆市渝北区同一坡面海拔250-450m作中稻种植，使其再生稻在不同的自然温度下生长发育，结果表明：再生季日均温随海拔高度递增而逐渐下降，它与再生稻全生育日数和千粒重均呈显著负相关，与再生苗数、有效穗数、株高、穗长、穗着粒数、穗实粒数、结实率等农艺性状以及单位面积产量均呈显著正相关；再生稻长苗期和抽穗开花期的日均温与再生稻单产亦呈显著正相关。据此提出重庆地区中迟熟杂交稻品种再生稻稳定较高产量的适宜种植区海拔高度上限约为340m，其对应的年均温为17.8C，稳定通过10C初至连续5d≥22C终日间的日均温为22.8C。     

氟磺胺草醚降解菌的分离鉴定及生长特性研究

氟磺胺草醚广泛应用于大豆田防除阔叶杂草,其长残留问题十分严重,微生物降解是解决氟磺胺草醚残留问题的有效途径。利用高压富集的方法,从长期施用氟磺胺草醚的田间土壤中,分离筛选出6株能够以氟磺胺草醚为唯一碳源生长的降解菌,其中一个菌株在查氏液体培养基中培养5d,对40mg a.i./L氟磺胺草醚的降解率为92.13%。通过形态特征鉴定并对该菌株18S rRNA的部分序列进行基因测序,对其在系统发育分类学上的地位加以分析,同时研究环境条件对其生长的影响。结果表明,该菌株为真菌,初步鉴定为黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus),实验室命名为TZ1985。菌株TZ1985最适生长温度为25℃,最适培养基pH值为7.0,生长最适葡萄糖含量为0.6%,生长最适氟磺胺草醚的浓度是10mg a.i./L。