羔羊日粮精粗比对其肉及脂肪组织中脂肪酸组成的影响

为了研究不同精粗比日粮对广河羊羔肉品质的影响,在广河县羔羊肉生产区,选择不同精粗比饲喂的6月龄健康陶寒杂交(陶赛特羊♂×小尾寒羊♀)断奶去势公羔各3只进行屠宰,取股二头肌、背最长肌、肱二头肌3个部位肌肉和肾周脂肪、皮下脂肪、尾部脂肪3个部位脂肪,用气象色谱法分析其脂肪酸的种类及含量。结果表明,在所有组织中均检测出38种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸17种,不饱和脂肪酸21种。脂肪组织中饲喂低精粗比日粮的亚油酸(C18∶2n6c)、α-亚麻酸(C18∶3n3)、饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)及其与饱和脂肪酸比值(P/S)、n3系多不饱和脂肪酸和n6系多不饱和脂肪酸均显著高于饲喂高精粗比日粮(P<0.05);饲喂低精粗比日粮的所有组织中花生四烯酸(C20∶4)的含量显著高于饲喂高精粗比日粮(P<0.05);与饲喂高精粗比日粮的羊羔肉相比,饲喂低精粗比日粮既节省了生产成本又明显改善和提高了羊羔肉中脂肪酸的营养价值。     

美仁牦牛肉不同部位常规营养成分及氨基酸和脂肪酸测定分析

摘 要：选取放牧条件下体况良好、体重相近的甘南成年美仁公牦牛 6 头、母牦牛 4头进行屠宰,采取美仁牦牛肉的肩甲、背最长肌、股二头肌三个部位的分割肉。测定不同部位营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸。 结果显示：不同部位美仁牦牛肉的蛋白质含量为22.97%～23.07%,其中股二头肌蛋白质含量最低,背最长肌最高;脂肪含量为1.27%～2.49%,股二头肌脂肪脂肪含量较低,不足1.27%。氨基酸含量丰富,脂肪酸总量依次为肩甲、背最长肌、股二头肌上脑肉。通过对比分析不同部位美仁牦牛肉中营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸等含量存在差异。     

体外法研究硝酸钠调控水牛瘤胃甲烷生成对脂肪酸生物氢化途径的影响

本试验旨在研究硝酸钠调控水牛瘤胃甲烷生成对脂肪酸生物氢化途径的影响。选取3头体重约为（650±50）kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的水牛作为瘤胃液供体动物,通过体外批次培养,设计发酵底物的精粗比为40：60,试验设4个组,每组5个重复,每组各添加0.25 mg/mL的α-亚麻酸,硝酸钠添加水平分别为0（对照）、1、2、3 mg/mL。分别培养3、6、9、12、24 h时测定产气量和甲烷产量,在培养24 h结束后测定体外发酵参数和脂肪酸含量。结果表明：①添加硝酸钠显著降低了瘤胃培养液24 h的总产气量、甲烷（CH₄）含量和甲烷/总产气量的比例（P<0.05）,添加1、2和3 mg/mL硝酸钠后瘤胃液甲烷含量分别降低了89.62%、91.20%、91.75%。②添加硝酸钠组瘤胃培养液的pH和氨态氮（NH₃-N）含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,添加1 mg/mL硝酸钠组微生物蛋白（MCP）含量也显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,其他组别差异不显著（P>0.05）;添加硝酸钠组瘤胃液乙酸浓度差异不显著（P>0.05）,但丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸浓度显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,乙酸/丙酸显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,添加3 mg/mL硝酸钠组瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。③添加1 mg/mL硝酸钠组瘤胃液C18：2 cis-9,trans-11、C18：2 trans-10,cis-12、C20：1、不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）含量及UFA/SFA显著高于其他组（P<0.05）;添加硝酸钠组瘤胃液C18：2n6c、C18：1n9t、C20：5n3（EPA）和C22：6n3（DHA）的含量均高于对照组,且1 mg/mL硝酸钠组含量最高,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;添加1 mg/mL硝酸钠组瘤胃液C18：3n3、C18：2n6c和C18：1n9c含量均高于对照组,差异不显著（P>0.05）。由此可见,体外添加硝酸钠显著降低了瘤胃液总产气量和甲烷含量,pH和NH₃-N含量显著升高,TVFA含量降低,通过显著减少丙酸含量而升高乙酸/丙酸;添加1 mg/mL硝酸钠可显著提高瘤胃液共轭亚油酸（CLA）和UFA含量,且在抑制甲烷产生的同时能够降低不饱和脂肪酸的生物氢化程度。     

BCG诱导RAW264.7细胞脂肪酸氧化对细胞自噬和促炎因子表达的调控作用

旨在探究脂肪酸氧化（fatty acid oxidation,FAO）对BCG介导的RAW264.7细胞自噬和促炎因子表达的调控作用。用BODIPY染色和游离脂肪酸定量试剂盒检测BCG感染后RAW264.7细胞中脂滴聚集情况以及脂肪酸含量;Western blot检测BCG感染对肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶1A （CPT-1A）表达的影响;Etomoxir （100 μmol·L^-1）预处理细胞2 h后,BCG感染细胞6 h,检测RAW264.7细胞中BCG存留量,并用Western blot方法检测自噬相关蛋白（Beclin1、LC3-II）和溶酶体蛋白（Rab7）的表达情况;用免疫荧光方法和mRFP-GFP-LC3荧光双标腺病毒分别检测自噬小体聚集和自噬流;荧光定量PCR和ELISA分别检测促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α mRNA表达情况以及在细胞培养上清中的含量。结果显示,BCG感染促进RAW264.7细胞中脂滴聚集和CPT-1A的表达,而游离脂肪酸含量降低;Etomoxir预处理抑制了细胞中BCG存活,并上调了Beclin1、LC3-II和Rab7表达,且细胞中出现大量自噬小体聚集,自噬流增强,却抑制了促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α mRNA表达与分泌。综上表明,抑制FAO可促进BCG感染诱导的RAW264.7细胞自噬,并抑制BCG感染引起的炎症反应。     

物候期对放牧牦牛瘤胃液、牧草中脂肪酸及乳脂中共轭亚油酸组成的影响及其相关性分析

为研究牧草物候期对其脂肪酸组成和放牧牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的影响及其相关关系,本研究在甘肃省甘南牧区选取平均体重为(234.9±10.5)kg的10头带犊甘南牦牛作为研究对象(自然放牧),分别于牧草返青期、盛草期、枯草期采集试验牦牛采食牧草、乳和瘤胃液,分别测定瘤胃液、牧草中脂肪酸及乳脂中共轭亚油酸组成,并分...     

Mixotrophy in a Local Strain of Nannochloropsis granulata for Renewable High-Value Biomass Production on the West Coast of Sweden

A local strain of Nannochloropsis granulata (Ng) has been reported as the most productive microalgal strain in terms of both biomass yield and lipid content when cultivated in photobioreactors that simulate the light and temperature conditions during the summer on the west coast of Sweden. To further increase the biomass and the biotechnological potential of this strain in these conditions, mixotrophic growth (i.e., the simultaneous use of photosynthesis and respiration) with glycerol as an external carbon source was investigated in this study and compared with phototrophic growth that made use of air enriched with 1–2% CO₂. The addition of either glycerol or CO₂-enriched air stimulated the growth of Ng and theproduction of high-value long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA) as well as the carotenoid canthaxanthin. Bioassays in human prostate cell lines indicated the highest antitumoral activity for Ng extracts and fractions from mixotrophic conditions. Metabolomics detected betaine lipids specifically in the bioactive fractions, suggesting their involvement in the observed antitumoral effect. Genes related to autophagy were found to be upregulated by the most bioactive fraction, suggesting a possible therapeutic target against prostate cancer progression. Taken together, our results suggest that the local Ng strain can be cultivated mixotrophically in summer conditions on the west coast of Sweden for the production of high-value biomass containing antiproliferative compounds, carotenoids, and EPA.     

ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响

长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC PUFAs)在母猪营养中的作用经常被人们研究,因为猪场的盈利能力主要取决于母猪的繁殖性能.根据以往的研究结果,母猪妊娠期喂食ω-3 LC PUFAs可以减少前列腺素的合成,提高胚胎存活率和仔猪初生重;哺乳期饲喂ω-3 LC PUFAs可以提高乳汁中EPA和DHA含量,改善哺乳仔猪肠道健康和断奶...     

高精料条件下延胡索酸对山羊瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响

通过山羊瘤胃液的体外批次培养,研究延胡索酸对瘤胃混合细菌体外发酵的影响。瘤胃液在含底物(玉米粉、豆粕和黑麦草)和延胡索酸(0、4、8和12 mmol.L-1)条件下发酵24 h。结果表明,在整个发酵期内,不同浓度的延胡索酸均显著提高了累积产气量,同时显著影响总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度及其组成,降低乙酸的浓度及比例,增加丙酸的浓度及比例。其中4 mmol.L-1延胡索酸在12~24 h提高了TVFA浓度和丙酸浓度(P<0.05),8 mmol.L-1组和12 mmol.L-1组的TVFA浓度和丙酸浓度在16 h和24 h也有显著提高(P<0.05)。在12、16、20和24 h时,3个添加组乙酸比例均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而丙酸比例则明显提高(P<0.01),乙酸和丙酸的比值显著降低(P<0.05)。4 mmol.L-1延胡索酸添加组的乳酸浓度在12、16、20和24 h均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结果提示,延胡索酸能显著提高瘤胃微生物体外发酵液中TVFA及丙酸比例,其中4 mmol.L-1延胡索酸对于调控瘤胃微生物体外发酵效果最佳。     

Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile,vitamin E concentrations,and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue

The study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on fatty acid (FA) composition, VE concentrations, and antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues of pigs fed to a heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows, 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fat sources included corn starch (CS), 5% tallow (TW), 5% distiller’s corn oil (DCO), and 5% coconut oil (CN); VE supplementation levels were 11 and 200 ppm. Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing VE supplementation level increased C16:1 (P < 0.05) content but decreased C20:0 (P < 0.05) content in backfat and belly fat, while in liver, it increased C17:0 (P < 0.05) but decreased C18:0 (P < 0.05). Compared to the pigs fed the CS diet, the pigs fed the CN diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total saturated FA, the pigs fed the DCO diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated FA content and iodine value, and the pigs fed the TW diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total monounsaturated FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver. Plasma VE concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing length of feeding but faster (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the CN and TW diets compared with the CS and DCO diets within the 200 ppm VE level; the pigs fed the DCO diet had the highest plasma VE concentrations (P < 0.05) from Phase 2 to Phase 5 within the 11 ppm VE level. The VE concentrations in liver and loin muscle (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm, but it was not affected by dietary fat source. There was no effect of VE supplementation and fat source on antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver except that pigs fed the DCO diet had greater liver SOD activity (P < 0.05) than the pigs fed the CN diet. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation did not affect FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver consistently, while dietary FA composition with different fat sources affected much of the FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver. The higher level of VE supplementation increased liver and muscle VE concentrations and dietary fat sources affected plasma VE concentrations differently (P < 0.05), wherein the TW and CN diets increased the VE absorption greater than the DCO diet.     

企鹅珍珠贝和马氏珠母贝软体部脂肪酸组成

对企鹅珍珠贝和马氏珠母贝软体部脂肪进行了提取和测定。结果表明,企鹅珍珠贝和马氏珠母贝软体部脂肪含量分别为8.3%和9.6%。企鹅珍珠贝脂肪酸中DHA EPA的总含量为39.71%,比马氏珠母贝脂肪酸中DHA EPA的总含量(30.86%)高。2种珍珠贝软体部脂肪酸均具有重要的开发利用价值。