Neuroprotective Metabolites from Vietnamese Marine Derived Fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium Genera

Low molecular weight secondary metabolites of marine fungi Aspergillus flocculosus, Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium sp. from Van Phong and Nha Trang Bays (Vietnam) were studied and a number of polyketides, bis-indole quinones and terpenoids were isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. Stereochemistry of some compounds was established based on ECD data. A chemical structure of asterriquinone F (6) was thoroughly described for the first time. Anthraquinone (13) was firstly obtained from a natural source. Neuroprotective influences of the isolated compounds against 6-OHDA, paraquat and rotenone toxicity were investigated. 4-Hydroxyscytalone (1), 4-hydroxy-6-dehydroxyscytalone (2) and demethylcitreoviranol (3) have shown significant increasing of paraquat- and rotenone-treated Neuro-2a cell viability and anti-ROS activity.     

pH条件对短短芽孢杆菌FJAT-0809-GLX次生代谢物产生的影响

应用GC-MS对10种不同初始pH条件下发酵的FJAT-0809-GLX发酵液的丙酮萃取液进行初步成分鉴定,从这10种发酵液中得到匹配率≥90%成分11种,各发酵液中的成分存在明显差异,其中共有成分1种,为六氢吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,4-二酮。在匹配率≥90%成分中,功能性成分按其功能可分为2类,一类为挥发性或芳香类物质,与该发酵液具有的特殊香气有关,包括5-甲基呋喃醛、2-甲基-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮、苯乙醛、棕榈酸、顺式十八碳-9-烯酸、甲基环戊烯醇酮;另一类为防腐或抑菌类成分,包括2-甲基-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮、2-呋喃甲醇、六氢-吡咯[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,4-二酮和5-羟甲基糠醛。初始pH 6～12的发酵液对大肠杆菌K88均有抑制效果,其中初始pH为7的抑菌效果最佳,抑菌圈直径达到20.33mm。不同的初始pH影响着发酵终点pH,进而影响着短短芽孢杆菌FJAT-0809-GLX次生代谢物的产生。     

骆驼蓬提取物对松材线虫的生物活性及生理效应

 为寻找创制新型生物合理杀线虫剂提供活性模板化合物和理论基础，首次报道广泛分布于中国西北地区的荒漠抗逆植物骆驼蓬对松材线虫的生物活性及生理效应。松枝水培试验结果表明，骆驼蓬种子正丁醇萃取物250 ?g·ml-1处理后，松枝蒸腾强度、流脂量级别和病情指数均与清水对照差异不显著，对松材线虫病害的控制效果明显优于石油醚萃取物、氯仿萃取物和水萃取物。从正丁醇萃取物中分离获得骆驼蓬总碱、骆驼蓬碱、去氢骆驼蓬碱和馏分A1～A8。毒力测定表明，骆驼蓬碱、馏分A1和A6是骆驼蓬杀线虫的主要活性成分，处理后48 h，对松材线虫(混合虫龄)LC50分别为135.74、160.40和86.02 ?g·ml-1。正丁醇萃取物、骆驼蓬总碱、骆驼蓬碱、去氢骆驼蓬碱、馏分A1和A6均能显著抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶活性，但对碱性磷酸酯酶活性无显著影响，对 -和 -乙酸萘酯羧酸酯酶活性有不同程度的抑制作用，以100 ?g·ml-1处理松材线虫后6 h，乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力抑制率为50.15%～73.14%，对酸性磷酸酯酶活性的抑制率为38.56%～48.37%。抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性可能是骆驼蓬提取物主要杀线虫机理之一。     

武夷茶区茶园土壤养分状况及其对茶叶品质成分的影响

【目的】分析乌龙茶主产区武夷茶园中土壤养分状况及其对茶叶品质成分的影响,为改良茶园养分管理和提升茶叶品质提供理论依据。【方法】本研究在2008年福建省土壤普查数据的基础上,于2015年在武夷3大茶区,（桐木区、岩茶区和洲茶区）随机选取68个茶园,包括桐木区12个、岩茶区32个和洲茶区24个,分别采取茶园0—20 cm的土壤和一芽三叶的茶青样品。检测土壤pH,有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量等土壤养分指标,同时利用高效液相色谱系统（HPLC）定量测定茶青中的茶氨酸、咖啡碱、芦丁、ECG、EGCG和总儿茶素等6种次级代谢物含量做品质成分分析。【结果】通过对比2008年和2015年的土壤养分指标,发现近年来,武夷茶区土壤酸化严重,部分茶园土壤有效磷含量增加显著。三大茶区中,岩茶区茶园土壤养分状况变化最为明显,其土壤pH、有机质和碱解氮分别下降了0.65、45.29%和49.39%;土壤有效磷含量却大幅度上升,从5.21 mg?kg ^-1上升到平均值为245.70 mg?kg ^-1,上升幅度超过40倍。说明该区域茶园存在过度施肥的现象。土壤养分状况显著影响茶叶品质成分,并且不同土壤养分指标对不同品质成分的影响有所不同。通过边际效应分析,发现各次级代谢物的最高含量都有其对应的土壤养分范围。在此基础上,拟合了武夷茶区高品质茶园适宜的土壤养分范围：pH 4.5—5.0;有机质20—40g·kg ^-1;碱解氮60—100 mg·kg ^-1;有效磷10—100 mg·kg ^-1;速效钾100—150 mg·kg ^-1。 【结论】综合本研究结果,建议武夷岩茶区和洲茶区在养分管理方面,总体采取有机肥取代部分化肥,适量补氮和钾,严格控制磷肥施用等措施。     

桃蚜危害胁迫对菜心植株主要次生物质含量的影响

研究了菜心在桃蚜危害后主要次生物质的活性变化动态。结果表明,随着桃蚜胁迫强度的增大,菜心植株内的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、丙二醛(MDA)活性均增加。在相同的危害时间和胁迫强度下,3个菜心品种的SOD、POD、MDA增加的幅度不同,表明菜心品种之间对桃蚜的抗性有较大差异。     

东海水产养殖区七种海鞘优势种相关活性物质研究进展与利用前景

海鞘是主要海洋污损生物之一,对海洋生物多样性、海水养殖和生态环境都有不利影响。本文简述了中国东海几个主要水产养殖区7种海鞘优势种生物量、相关的次生代谢产物及其生物活性的研究进展,并对其利用前景进行了展望,为进一步研究开发提供依据。     

Effect of a size-based selection program on blood metabolites and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles fed different dietary carbohydrate levels

Blood metabolites in wild and seventh-generation cultivated shrimp were measured to determine how size-based selection could alter the nutritional and immunological conditions of Litopenaeus vannamei. Wild L. vannamei juveniles and a sample of seventh-generation cultured shrimp were acclimated under identical conditions. During 55 days, shrimp were fed a high (HCHO: 44%) or a low (LCHO: 3%) carbohydrate diet for 55 days. Wild shrimp showed a direct relation between dietary CHO and lactate, protein and hemocyte levels indicating that dietary CHO was used for protein synthesis via transamination pathways. In seventh-generation cultured shrimp these parameters were inversely proportional to dietary CHO level, indicating the capacity to synthesize protein from dietary CHO was repressed in cultured shrimp. Farmed shrimp showed a limited capacity to respond to LCHO diets demonstrating high protein dependence in their metabolism and immune response. These results demonstrate that during size-based breeding programs other metabolic process than CHO catabolism can be selected. The incapacity of shrimp to use dietary CHO could limit protein reduction of diets and limit the efforts of the shrimp industry to be ecologically and environmentally profitable.     

Plasma levels of vitamin D3 metabolites during parr-smolt transformation of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.

Plasma vitamin D and vitamin D metabolites were measured in Atlantic salmon parr during smoltification and after transfer to seawater. The fish were fed commercial feed for 5 months under natural light, and Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase was measured as an indicator of the smoltification status. No significant differences were recorded in the level of plasma vitamin D metabolites. However, a tendency of increasing plasma concentration of 25OHD₃ and also a temporary increase in plasma 1,25(OH)₂D₃ and 24,25(OH)₂D₃ were recorded prior to seawater transfer. The minor changes in plasma levels of the metabolites indicate a role of the vitamin D metabolites during parr–smolt transformation, although we do not know whether the increased levels are caused by increased synthesis of the metabolites or by decreased binding to receptors or decreased excretion.     

次生物质对荔枝害虫及天敌行为反应的研究进展

在植食性害虫寻找寄主和天敌寻找定位害虫过程中,次生物质中的特异性化合物发挥着重要的作用,对其进行深入研究,不仅有助于阐明荔枝害虫的寄主选择机理,同时也可为提出新的荔枝害虫防治策略提供理论依据.重点阐述了对荔枝蒂蛀虫和荔枝蝽有引诱和刺激产卵作用的植物特异性化合物研究进展,探讨次生代谢物对平腹小蜂的引诱作用,同时分析和讨论昆虫行为与寄主植物次生物质关系研究的前景.     

链霉菌702抗尖孢镰刀菌次级代谢产物的分离鉴定及活性研究

从链霉菌702代谢产物中分离纯化抗尖孢镰刀菌的活性成分.以抗尖孢镰刀菌活性为导向,采用多种色谱分离技术对活性成分进行分离纯化,并对其理化性质和波谱学数据进行测定和综合解析,鉴定其化学结构.结果从链霉菌702代谢产物中分离得到1个多烯大环内酯化合物,经鉴定为制霉色基素(Fungichromin),该化合物具有显著的抗尖孢...