巴斯德毕赤酵母表达系统研究进展

巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达系统是基因工程研究中广泛使用的真核表达系统,对Pichia pastoris基因结构、载体元件以及影响外源基因表达的因素等进行了较为全面的综述.     

深松旋耕组合作业机的研制与试验研究

根据国内中等功率拖拉机配套农机具的研究现状,以机组匹配理论为依据,研制了与中型拖拉机配套的深松旋耕组合作业机,并进行了单独深松、单独旋耕和组合工况的试验。试验表明所研制的机具在作业时能充分发挥拖拉机的动力性,减少拖拉机的功率消耗。机具配置的深松铲和旋耕刀片排列合理,深松扰动影响宽度和旋耕宽度相匹配,作业时波动范围较小,偏牵矩对拖拉机方向的稳定性基本没有影响。机具的研制也为与大功率拖拉机配套新型农机具的开发提供了借鉴。     

热研4号王草干燥特性的试验研究

在将热研4号王草调制成青贮饲料或干草的加工中,干燥是一个关键性环节,也是发展热研4号王草产业的瓶颈问题。为此,采用快速薄层干燥的试验方法,研究热研4号王草的含水量与干燥时间、干燥介质温度两者之间的关系,并分析影响其营养成分的因素。结果表明:热研4号王草的干燥最佳介质温度为150°～180℃,鲜草刈割后必须在24h内进行快速干燥。     

基于混沌的超声物位检测系统的研究

物位检测技术在现代化工业控制中占有重要地位。由于现场具体的安装环境不同,被测介质种类和状态不同,情况异常复杂,因此必须根据具体的现场工况,合理地选择物位检测的方法和产品。为此,提出了一种基于混沌理论的超声波物位检测系统,并论述了信号处理方法,从而能准确识别噪声干扰与超声波回波信号,提高了物位检测精度。     

适宜于基础研究发展的管理创新研究

随着科学技术的发展,基础研究的地位越来越重要,文章从基础研究的主要内容出发,分析和探讨了基础研究的基本特征以及基础研究在科技进步中的作用,结合作者的工作实际,提出一种适宜于基础研究发展的管理创新。     

Marine Cyclic Peptides: Antimicrobial Activity and Synthetic Strategies

Oceans are a rich source of structurally unique bioactive compounds from the perspective of potential therapeutic agents. Marine peptides are a particularly interesting group of secondary metabolites because of their chemistry and wide range of biological activities. Among them, cyclic peptides exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities, including against bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. Moreover, there are several examples of marine cyclic peptides revealing interesting antimicrobial activities against numerous drug-resistant bacteria and fungi, making these compounds a very promising resource in the search for novel antimicrobial agents to revert multidrug-resistance. This review summarizes 174 marine cyclic peptides with antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, or antiviral properties. These natural products were categorized according to their sources—sponges, mollusks, crustaceans, crabs, marine bacteria, and fungi—and chemical structure—cyclic peptides and depsipeptides. The antimicrobial activities, including against drug-resistant microorganisms, unusual structural characteristics, and hits more advanced in (pre)clinical studies, are highlighted. Nocathiacins I–III (91–93), unnarmicins A (114) and C (115), sclerotides A (160) and B (161), and plitidepsin (174) can be highlighted considering not only their high antimicrobial potency in vitro, but also for their promising in vivo results. Marine cyclic peptides are also interesting models for molecular modifications and/or total synthesis to obtain more potent compounds, with improved properties and in higher quantity. Solid-phase Fmoc- and Boc-protection chemistry is the major synthetic strategy to obtain marine cyclic peptides with antimicrobial properties, and key examples are presented guiding microbiologist and medicinal chemists to the discovery of new antimicrobial drug candidates from marine sources.     

Natural Marine Products: Anti-Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo

Colorectal cancer, a malignant tumor with high mortality, has a poor prognosis due to drug resistance and toxicity in clinical surgery and chemotherapy. Thus, finding safer and more efficient drugs for clinical trials is vital and urgent. Natural marine compounds, with rich resources and original chemical structures, are applied widely in anticancer treatments. We provide a systematic overview of recently reported marine compounds such as alkaloids, peptides, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and carotenoids from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. The in vitro studies summarized the marine origins and pharmacological mechanisms, including anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-migration, anti-invasion, the acceleration of cycle arrest, and the promotion of tumor apoptosis, of various compounds. The in vivo studies outlined the antitumor effects of marine compounds on colorectal cancer model mice and evaluated their efficacy in terms of tumor inhibition, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. The clinical studies summarized the major chemical classifications and targets of action of the clinical drugs that have entered clinical approval and completed approval for marine anticancer. In summary, we present the current situation regarding the application of natural anti-colorectal cancer marine compounds and prospects for their clinical application.     

撤销学位论文学术影响力研究

[目的/意义]分析被撤销学位的博硕士学位论文分布情况,揭示其在学术系统的不良影响,为管理部门制订相关政策提供建议和参考,为具体实践提供方法和策略.[方法/过程]通过媒体的公开报道获得撤销学位案例,在学位论文数据库和网络阅读分享平台中获得撤销学位论文的分布数据、引用数据和Altmetrics数据,分析撤销学位论文的学术影...     

三元交互视角下风景园林设计课程教学改革研究

针对高职院校学生在学习设计课程时自我效能感低的特点,引入社会认知理论的三元交互决定模型,通过从高职院校学生的“个人认知”、“行为模式”和“环境因素”三元视角重新梳理风景园林设计课程体系,在教学设计中融入思政元素,使课程思政和专业教学相互融合,使学生“术”与“德”更好融合,以实现“三全育人”的目标。具体措施包括:通过挖掘教学目标和内容的思政元素,塑造学生产生高效能感的“个人认知”;通过组织“项目沉浸式”教学过程,促使学生产生互为榜样的“行为模式”;通过完善课堂教学评价,营造学生良性互动的学习环境。     

茶用菊花功能性有效成分及其药理学功效研究进展

茶用菊花具有重要的营养价值及保健价值。从黄酮类、挥发油、有机酸类、氨基酸、多糖类、微量元素及其他方面对茶用菊花的功能性有效成分进行分析;对其具有的保护心血管、抗肿瘤、调血脂、保护肝脏、镇痛、抗菌消炎、抗衰老等功效进行研究,以期为茶用菊花化学和药理的作用机制研究以及下一步的功能产品开发提供思路。