Occurrence patterns of African manatees,conflicts with humans,and local perception in the Southern Korup Area,Cameroon

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广州市南沙红树植物无瓣海桑、木榄人工林生物量的研究

红树林是热带、亚热带海岸潮间带的木本植物群落,它是海湾河口地区生态系统最重要的生产者,对保护海湾河口地区的生态平衡起着十分重要的作用。湿地植物生物量是衡量湿地生态系统健康状况的重要标志。红树林生物量的研究,对于了     

Thraustochytrids of Mangrove Habitats from Andaman Islands: Species Diversity,PUFA Profiles and Biotechnological Potential

Thraustochytrids are the most promising microbial source for the commercial production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for its application in the human health, aquaculture, and nutraceutical sectors. The present study isolated 127 thraustochytrid strains from mangrove habitats of the south Andaman Islands, India to study their diversity, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and biotechnological potential. The predominant strains were identified as belonging to two major genera (Thraustochytrium, Aurantiochytrium) based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The strain ANVKK-06 produced the maximum biomass of 5.42 g·L⁻¹, while ANVKK-03 exhibited the maximum total lipid (71.03%). Omega-3 PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) accumulated up to 11.03% in ANVKK-04, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) up to 8.65% in ANVKK-07, and DHA up to 47.19% in ANVKK-06. ANVKK-06 showed the maximum scavenging activity (84.79 ± 2.30%) while ANVKK-03 and ANVKK-10 displayed the highest antibacterial activity against human and fish pathogens, S. aureus (18.69 ± 1.2 mm) and V. parahaemolyticus (18.31 ± 1.0 mm), respectively. All strains were non-toxic as evident by negative blood agar hemolysis, thus, the thraustochytrids are suggested to be a potential source of DHA for application in the health care of human and fish.     

广东省红树林及其保护的重要性

概述了广东省红树林生境特点、群落类型、特征及其在海岸沼泽生态系统中的作用，阐明了保护广东红树林的重要意义，并提出保护建议。     

Water,salt and nutrient fluxes of tropical tidal salt flats

The water budget of a tropical tidal salt flat in dry tropical Australia has been studied with particular emphasis on estimating the groundwater fluxes. Salt was used as a passive tracer to determine some of these fluxes. Groundwater salt accumulation (or loss) was less than 1 kg/m³/month. Surface water leaving the flat at a higher salt concentration than flood water causes a net outwelling of salt of between 0.4 and 1 kg/m²/month. Evaporation from the salt flat was estimated to be 70 mm/month. Using these measurements and a simple model of the groundwater flows, it is concluded that the groundwater loss is less than 40 mm/month. The accuracy of the salt budget was insufficient to rule out the possibility that the net groundwater motion was upwards. Measurements of Si and PO_{_4} fluxes indicated that the net outwelling due to surface water flows were respectively 3 mmole/m²/month and 0.014 mmole/m²/month. A net groundwater loss of 10 mm would produce a similar magnitude outwelling due to groundwater discharge. The mangrove-fringed tropical tidal salt flats are the source of large quantities of nutrients that are released to the near-shore zone.     

Vertical accretion and shallow subsidence in a mangrove forest of southwestern Florida,U.S.A.

Simultaneous measurements of vertical accretion from artificial soilmarker horizons and soil elevation change from sedimentation-erosion table(SET) plots were used to evaluate the processes related to soil building infringe, basin, and overwash mangrove forests located in a low-energy lagoonwhich receives minor inputs of terrigenous sediments. Vertical accretionmeasures reflect the contribution of surficial sedimentation (sedimentdeposition and surface root growth). Measures of elevation change reflectnot only the contributions of vertical accretion but also those ofsubsurface processes such as compaction, decomposition and shrink-swell. Thetwo measures were used to calculate amounts of shallow subsidence (accretionminus elevation change) in each mangrove forest. The three forest typesrepresent different accretionary environments. The basin forest was locatedbehind a natural berm. Hydroperiod here was controlled primarily by rainfallrather than tidal exchange, although the basin flooded during extreme tidalevents. Soil accretion here occurred primarily by autochthonous organicmatter inputs, and elevation was controlled by accretion and shrink-swell ofthe substrate apparently related to cycles of flooding-drying and/or rootgrowth-decomposition. This hydrologically-restricted forest did notexperience an accretion or elevation deficit relative to sea-level rise. Thetidally dominated fringe and overwash island forests accreted throughmineral sediment inputs bound in place by plant roots. Filamentous turfalgae played an important role in stabilizing loose muds in the fringeforest where erosion was prevalent. Elevation in these high-energyenvironments was controlled not only by accretion but also by erosion and/orshallow subsidence. The rate of shallow subsidence was consistently3–4 mm y^–1 in the fringe and overwash island forests butwas negligible in the basin forest. Hence, the vertical development ofmangrove soils was influenced by both surface and subsurface processes andthe processes controlling soil elevation differed among forest types.The mangrove ecosystem at Rookery Bay has remained stable as sea levelhas risen during the past 70 years. Yet, lead-210 accretion data suggest asubstantial accretion deficit has occurred in the past century (accretionwas 10–20 cm < sea-level rise from 1930 to 1990) in the fringe andisland forests at Rookery Bay. In contrast, our measures of elevation changemostly equalled the estimates of sea-level rise and our short term estimatesof vertial accretion exceeded the estimates by the amount of shallowsubsidence. These data suggest that (1) vertical accretion in this system isdriven by local sea-level rise and shallow subsidence, and (2) the mangroveforests are mostly keeping pace with sea-level rise. Thus, the vulnerabilityof this mangrove ecosystem to sea-level rise is best described in terms ofan elevation deficit (elevation change minus sea-level rise) based on annualmeasures rather than an accretion deficit (accretion minus sea-level rise)based on decadal measures.     

Indicators of mangrove zonality: the Normanby river, N.E. Australia

Mangrove species distributions within the tidal sector of the Normanby river are described. The relationships of centres of distribution to along transect distances and topographic height at various locations along river are defined. At local scales, evidence is presented to show that the detail of zonal expression, within limits, is subject to chance.     

Transfer of salt and nutrients in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza leaves during development and senescence

The life span of leaves in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, non-secretor of salt, can be divided into a leaf developing stage, a leaf functioning stage and a leaf senescing stage. The concentrations (mg/g) and the contents (mg/leaf) of Na and Cl increased at the leaf developing stage and remained almost constant at the leaf functioning stage. At the leaf senescing stage, the concentrations of Na and Cl increased markedly by 45 and 31% respectively, while their contents only increased by 16 and 4% respectively. The K/Na ratio remained constant at the leaf functioning stage, and decreased at the leaf senescing stage. During leaf senescence, there was a marked decline in leaf mass (20%) and in leaf area (15%). During senescence, 60% of its N, 48% of its P and 46% of its K was transferred out of the senescing leaf.     

Managing threats and restoring wetlands within catchments of the Great Barrier Reef,Australia

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福建省平潭沿海秋茄人工林群落的生物量研究

对福建平潭沿海秋茄群落的现存生物量进行了研究。测定结果表明:秋茄群落的生物量为20.842 t·hm-2,其中地上部分为10.733 t·hm-2,地下部分为10.109 t·hm-2。地下部分中94.2%的根分布于地面以下0~60 cm层。由于不同滩面的环境因素差异较大,位于不同滩面秋茄群落的生物量也有所不同,位于内滩、中滩、外滩的群落生物量分别为35.429 g·m-2、16.066 g·m-2、11.031 g·m-2。