Recent progress in analytical method development to ensure the safety of gluten-free foods for celiac disease patients

As laid down by the Codex Alimentarius, products bearing a gluten-free label must not contain gluten levels above 20 mg/kg to be safe for consumption by celiac disease patients. Analytical methods to detect gluten from wheat, rye and barley need to be sufficiently sensitive, specific, suitable for routine analyses and validated by collaborative studies. With continuous progress in the field of gluten analysis, the aim of this paper is to provide an up-to-date overview of legislation regarding gluten-free products worldwide, as well as immunochemical, proteomics-based, genomics-based and other methods designed to analyse gluten traces. While ELISA test kits and PCR are still most widely used in quality control, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is gaining more and more importance by providing unprecedented insights into gluten. Several other methods such as immunosensors, other sensors and microarrays are being developed. The pro's and con's of the different methods are discussed as well as the remaining challenges, including the need for improved extraction procedures, comprehensive reference materials and independent reference methods.     

5种杀虫剂的烟青虫防治效果研究

５种杀虫剂对烟青虫的毒力试验表明：质量分数为８０％～８３％的高效氯氰菊酯和８６．７％的氰戊菊酯分别稀释２０００和１０００倍对烟青虫的防治效果较好,ＬＧ５０分别为０．０３２２ｕｇ．头＾－１和０．０５８２ｕｇ．头＾－１,久效磷和乙酰甲胺磷稀释１０００倍的效果次之,吡虫啉效果最差。     

单克隆抗体夹心ELISA试验检测鸡新城疫病毒抗原的研究

从10株抗鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)特异性单克隆抗体(MAbs) 中筛选出2株MAbs—M22和F23,分别用作包被抗体和酶标抗体而建立的MAbs—夹心ELISA试验,对提纯NDV的最小检出量为25ng/ml病毒蛋白.NDV鸡阳性血清对本试验的特异性阻断作用和与其他禽类病毒交叉反应的阴性结果,证明本试验对NDV的特异性。从临床疑为鸡新城疫的724只病鸡的口腔棉试样品中共检出阳性502只,其中200个样品与病毒分离试验结果完全一致,两者均查出阳性鸡176只。     

胶体金免疫层析法快速检测烟草环斑病毒

采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒 ,标记烟草环斑病毒的抗体 ,制成免疫层析检测试纸条。检测粗提纯病毒的灵敏度为 1 0 0 0ng/ml,病汁液稀释 1 0 0 0倍后仍可快速检出。对大豆病种子、烟草冻干病叶等不同材料进行检测也有良好的效果 ,1～ 2min即可出现结果。用 9种不同的病毒进行测试 ,未出现非特异性反应。     

Suppression of influenza virus infection by the orf virus isolated in Taiwan

Orf virus (ORFV), a member of parapoxvirus, is an enveloped virus with genome of double-stranded DNA. ORFV causes contagious pustular dermatitis or contagious ecthyma in sheep and goats worldwide. In general, detection of viral DNA and observing ORFV virion in tissues of afflicted animals are two methods commonly used for diagnosis of orf infection; however, isolation of the ORFV in cell culture using virus-containing tissue as inoculum is known to be difficult. In this work, the ORFV (Hoping strain) isolated in central Taiwan was successfully grown in cell culture. We further examined the biochemical characteristic of our isolate, including viral genotyping, viral mRNA and protein expression. By electron microscopy, one unique form of viral particle from ORFV infected cellular lysate was demonstrated in the negative-stained field. Moreover, immunomodulating and anti-influenza virus properties of this ORFV were investigated. ORFV stimulated human monocytes (THP-1) secreting proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α. And, pre-treatment of ORFV-infected cell medium prevents A549 cells from subsequent type A influenza virus (IAV) infection. Similarly, mice infected with ORFV via both intramuscular and subcutaneous routes at two days prior to IAV infection significantly decreased the replication of IAV. In summary, the results of a current study indicated our Hoping strain harbors the immune modulator property; with such a bio-adjuvanticity, we further proved that pre-exposure of ORFV protects animals from subsequent IAV infection.     

猪伪狂犬病病毒gE抗体胶体金免疫层析检测方法的建立及应用

以纯化的抗人红细胞单链抗体(ScFv)-猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE蛋白双功能融合蛋白为诊断抗原和胶体金标记物,以羊抗猪IgG包被硝酸纤维膜作为质控带,制作检测猪伪狂犬病毒gE抗体的双抗原胶体金试纸条。利用方阵滴定试验筛选出金标抗原最佳工作浓度为17.6μg,检测线诊断抗原最佳标记量为1.76μg,血清最佳稀释度为1∶10,作用时间15 min,与猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)、猪布鲁菌(Brucella)阳性血清和PRVgE缺失疫苗接种的猪免疫血清检测线均不出现红色条带,与PRV标准阳性血清反应检测线出现红色条带。试纸条操作简单,肉眼于15 min内可判定结果;试纸条在室温保存6个月,其特异性和敏感性没有明显变化;与美国IDEXX和法国LSI gE-ELISA抗体检测诊断试剂盒检测结果比较,1 164份猪血清的符合率均为90.55%。制备的胶体金试纸条具有操作简便、敏感性和特异性较高的特点,可用于PRV野毒感染的快速筛查。     

萝藦花总黄酮的含量测定及抗氧化研究

利用分光光度法测定了野生萝藦花总黄酮含量,研究了萝藦花总黄酮的抗氧化能力.结果表明:采用A1(NO3)3-NaNO2-NaOH显色体系测定萝藦花总黄酮含量,最佳测定时间为显色后70～80 min,测定方法精密度RSD=0.99％(n=5),回收率为107.43％(RSD=2.40％),利用该法测得萝藦花样品总黄酮含量为2.41％(RSD=3.02％,n=5);制得的萝藦花黄酮对·OH、DPPH·、ABTS·+清除作用的IC50分别为25.06 μg/mL、9.94 μg/mL、1.33 μg/mL,最大清除率分别为57.87％、85.79％、99.52％.     

6种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病菌的室内毒力测定

采用菌落直径法测定了金雷多米尔、杀毒矾、克露、克霜氰、大生M-45和进富6种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病菌的毒力。结果表明供试的6种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病菌丝生长都有较好的抑制作用,克露对晚疫病菌毒力最强,其EC50值为0.16μg·mL-1,毒力最差的是大生,其EC50值为2.89μg·mL-1,其余4种药剂按毒力大小依次为克霜氰、金雷多米尔、进富和杀毒矾,其EC50值分别为0.24μg.mL-1、0.28μg·mL-1、0.43μg·mL-1和1.17μg·mL-1。根据室内毒力测定结果及药剂特性,供试的6种杀菌剂在生产上可视病害的发生情况交替使用,以避免或延缓抗药性的产生。     

巴西橡胶树类甜味蛋白基因HbTLP1的克隆及表达分析

根据模式植物拟南芥中同类蛋白的氨基酸序列在橡胶树转录组数据库中进行同源搜索并设计引物,通过RT-PCR方法扩增巴西橡胶树TLP同源基因的cDNA片段,命名为Hb TLP1.该片段包含一个984 bp的开放阅读框,编码327个氨基酸的多肽.生物信息学分析结果表明,该氨基酸序列含有一个超级THAUMATIN-Like结构域,与杨树、大豆、葡萄和拟南芥的TPL蛋白有较高的同源性.半定量分析结果表明,该基因的表达受水杨酸(SA)和鞭毛蛋白(flg22)的诱导,但不受茉莉酸(JA)的影响.以上结果揭示该基因为橡胶树的TPL同源基因,参与SA介导的抗病信号途径和植物的先天免疫反应.     

First report of Calonectria cerciana causing leaf blight of Eucalyptus in northern India

Eucalyptus spp. and their hybrids are frequently cloned and mass planted across farmland tracts and commercial plantations in northern India. It is a viable feeder species to the paper and pulp industries in this region. In 2018 and 2019, during field surveys conducted in northern India, a serious leaf blight disease was frequently observed in E. tereticornis plantations. Isolation from the blighted leaf samples consistently yielded fungal isolates having Calonectria‐like morphology. Morphological features coupled with sequence analysis of partial β‐tubulin (TUB2) and partial translation elongation factor‐alpha (TEF1) gene regions of two fungal isolates confirmed the species as Ca. cerciana. In detached leaf assays and glasshouse inoculation experiments, both isolates produced symptoms similar to those observed on the naturally infected leaves. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re‐isolating Ca. cerciana from the inoculated leaves. This work is the first to confirm that Ca. cerciana is associated with a serious leaf blight disease of Eucalyptus in northern India and is an important addition to the taxonomy of Calonectria fungi in India.