海南省热带农产品封闭供应链模式设计研究

为提高海南热带农产品流通的现代化水平,确保海南热带农产品的质量安全,在分析海南省热带农产品供应链现有模式及存在问题的基础上,结合封闭供应链的概念及研究现状,设计4种类型核心企业主导的基于质量可跟踪和追溯的海南省热带农产品封闭供应链模式。为海南省热带农产品封闭供应链模式设计、工程应用和系统开发提供参考,对于确保海南省热带农产品质量安全具有重要意义。     

基于灾变链式理论的日光温室黄瓜霜霉病警源追溯模型研究

追溯警源是日光温室蔬菜病害预警中提供排警措施的依据。结合灾变链式理论和植物病害流行学,对日光温室黄瓜病害警源追溯问题及孕源断链减灾模式进行了系统分析。考虑到日光温室作物病害预警对象多警源的特点及其对预警解释推理方式的影响,采用数字化方法,构建了易于系统实现的日光温室黄瓜霜霉病警源追溯模型。对日光温室黄瓜霜霉病实例进行追溯分析,结果表明,外界出现的阴雨雪雾天气是导致该实例中霜霉病发生的警源。并可用方差分析来检测日光温室环境的时空突变,以验证警源信息。该模型能够为日光温室黄瓜霜霉病排警措施提供决策支持。     

Seasonal and interannual ecophysiological responses of beech (Fagus sylvatica) at its south-eastern distribution limit in Europe

Due to its wide European distribution and its drought-susceptibility, beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) received intensive attention recently in the light of global warming. Contrary to central European beech ecosystems, little is known about the ecophysiology of beech at its south-eastern European distribution limit. Here we tested whether climatic fluctuations during a three-year period affected the ecophysiology of a beech site in Greece. Attention was paid at comparing our findings to the intense effects the 2003 extreme drought had on beech forests in central Europe.     

Detecting changes in habitat-scale bee foraging in a tropical fragmented landscape using stable isotopes

As the body of research on the ecosystem service of pollination grows, our ability to tackle a range of agricultural, conservation, and land management issues is limited by our understanding of pollinator foraging patterns and requirements. In particular, better knowledge of which habitats bees utilize for foraging over their lifetime would inform a range of applied and theoretical questions. Traditional methods of studying foraging are either impractical for insects (e.g. radio tracking) or else are limited spatially or temporally (e.g. observations by researchers). Here we describe a method for using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen from bee tissues to gain an integrated signal of which habitats a bee has foraged in over its lifetime, using three species of social stingless bee (Apidae: Meliponini) in a fragmented tropical forest landscape in southern Costa Rica as a test case.     

Theory and approach to reactive power flow tracing

Based on an analysis of the characteristics of reactive power supplies and reactive loads, this paper presents a method for forming a lossless reactive network using an equivalent technique of modeling the branch admittance as a reactive power supply and the branch power loss as a virtual load. A downstream distribution matrix for a power system is constructed based on its reactive lossless network, and the analytical model and its algorithm for tracing reactive power flow (TRPF) is proposed. A method dealing with the abnormal downstream distribution matrix of active power flow also is discussed. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the matrix theory is used to analyze the TRPF model directly and no assumption on the flow distribution is needed. Case studies of the IEEE14 Bus and IEEE30 Bus systems demonstrate the accuracy and the validity of the proposed method.     

农产品质量追溯体系建设现状与问题及对策

目前中国农产品质量追溯体系建设的现状与存在的问题,已经成为政府和学术界关心的热门话题。通过对中国现有的农产品质量追溯体系的现状与问题进行分析,总结出中国农产品质量追溯体系建设的成果和不足,通过对发达国家农产品质量追溯体系的研究与分析,指出发挥政府和大型生产的作用,以及追溯体系从畜牧开始是发达国家农产品质量安全追溯体系建设的特点。在研究和分析的基础上,提出了完善中国农产品质量追溯体系的对策。     

规模化肉牛场数字化网络平台开发与应用

为满足集约化肉牛场数字化管理水平和提高繁育效率及遗传进展,基于肉牛从妊娠、产犊、哺乳、干奶到下一个繁殖周期的生产管理流程,将肉牛划分为犊牛、青年牛、育肥牛、成年牛等类型,在设计肉牛基本信息的数据标准规范基础上,采用.Net及SQL Server 2008网络数据库技术,构建了规模化肉牛场包括繁殖、产犊到饲养营养等数据管理及智能分析平台,实现了对肉牛繁殖与育肥生产最核心数据的网络远程数字化管理,主要包括胎间距、胎次结构、系谱跟踪及牛只资料卡等在线动态分析与数据的定向排序与输出,包括母牛发情配种、初检复检、产犊、犊牛断奶、转群、淘汰等各类生产事件的智能提醒,以及各种繁殖、育肥参数的可视化图形统计分析等。对生产过程基本数据的分析及与数据挖掘,提升了基础数据的利用价值,更有利于对规模化肉牛场管理者的科学决策。     

First isolation of hirame rhabdovirus from freshwater fish in Europe

A rhabdovirus was isolated in cell culture inoculated with tissue material from diseased grayling, Thymallus thymallus (L.), originating from a fish farm affected by a mortality episode in Poland. Diagnostics tests showed that the virus was not related to novirhabdoviruses known in Europe, nor to vesiculovirus‐like species, except perch rhabdovirus (PRhV) with which it shared moderate serological relations. However, RT‐PCR with PRhV probes gave negative results. To identify the virus, a random‐priming sequence‐independent single primer amplification was adopted. Surprisingly, two of the obtained sequences exhibited a high identity (>99%) with hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV), a novirhabdovirus usually found in fish in marine Asiatic countries, for instance Japan, China and Korea. The full‐length sequence of the phosphoprotein gene (P) demonstrated a higher identity of the present isolate with HIRRV from China compared with the Korean isolate. An identical viral sequence was also found in brown trout, Salmo trutta trutta L., affected by mortalities in a second farm in the same region, after a likely contamination from the grayling farm. To our knowledge, this is the first report of HIRRV in Europe, and in two hosts from fresh water that have not been described before as susceptible species.     

基于C、N同位素技术的河流食物网基础碳源研究进展

基础碳源是河流生态系统最重要的特征之一,它通过生物间能量传递,影响着河流生态系统生物多样性、群落结构及其稳定性。本文基于稳定性同位素技术综述了河流基础碳源类型、食物网能量贡献率估算模型、食物网基础碳源理论模型(河流生产力模型RPM、河流连续模型RCC和河流脉冲模型FPC)及其交互作用以及它们在实际应用上的利弊,介绍了能较好平衡各种模型利弊、适应于多样化水文特征的河流生态系统综合体(RES)新假说,并展望了稳定性同位素技术与非致命取样方法相结合建立长期河流同位素数据库的重要意义,旨在推动对河流生态系统中不同生物之间营养关系的理解,为河流生态系统的修复与保护提供理论依据。     

Response of climate-growth relationships and water use efficiency to thinning in a Pinus nigra afforestation

Thinning is the main forestry measure to increase tree growth by reducing stand tree density and competition for resources. A thinning experiment was established in 1993 on a 32-year-old Pinus nigra Arn. stand in central Spain. The response of growth, climate-growth relationships and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) to a stand density reduction were compared between moderate thinned plots and a control plot by a combined analysis of basal area increments (BAI), and C and O stable isotope ratios (δ¹³C_c and δ¹⁸O_c). BAI in the control plot showed a decreasing trend that was avoided by thinning in the thinned plot. Thinning also partially buffered tree-ring response to climate and trees were less sensitive to precipitation although more sensitive to temperature. Δ¹³C_c in the thinned plot was not modified indicating that stomatal conductance (g) and photosynthetic capacity (A) did not change or change in the same direction. However, δ¹⁸O_c decreased in the control plot (unrelated to δ¹⁸O of precipitation) but not in the thinned plot, suggesting a relative increase of temperature and irradiance and/or a decrease of air humidity after reducing the density consistent with an increase in A, g and BAI. As WUEi did not increase in the thinned plot, faster growth in this plot was caused by higher abundance of resources per tree. The trend of WUEi in both plots indicated low-moderate CO₂-induced improvements. Thinning might be a useful adaptation measure against climate change in these plantations reducing their vulnerability to droughts. However, because WUEi was not affected, the positive growth response might be limited if droughts and warming continue and certain thresholds are exceeded.