多效唑对高羊茅叶片糖酶活性的影响

高羊茅草坪草施用多效唑后，叶片的垂直生长受抑，叶片光合同化物向根系运输增强，叶片和根系中淀粉及可溶性糖含量升高。数据表明：叶片中淀粉含量与淀粉酶活性呈正相关（r=0.88)。，另外，叶片中酸性转化酶活性增加，但中性转化酶活性降低，且叶片中可溶性碳水化合物含量一直维持在较高水平，说明酸性转化酶在多效唑对草坪草叶片垂直生长的调节中起重要作用。草坪草生长动态的变化与多效唑改变碳水化合物代谢酶活性有关。可溶性糖的积累有利于增强草坪草抗逆性，促进新器官的发生。     

盐胁迫对番茄幼苗转化酶表达及糖代谢的影响

以栽培番茄(Ly cop ersicon escu lentum M ill.)品种中杂9号6叶期幼苗为试验材料,在水培条件下研究了50,100,200,400 m g/L N aC l胁迫处理对番茄幼苗根系和叶片转化酶活性表达,及叶片中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和淀粉代谢的影响。结果表明,转化酶的表达水平与盐胁迫强度和时间有密切关系,根系中转化酶在50 m g/LN aC l胁迫后5和11 d,或100 m g/L N aC l胁迫5和13 d均有极显著高表达;200和400 m g/L N aC l胁迫后11 d有极显著表达;叶片对微盐和高盐伤害的抵御反应强烈,转化酶在50和400 m g/L N aC l胁迫后11 d有显著表达。与叶片中转化酶表达的胁迫强度和胁迫时间相关,叶片中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖水平提高;胁迫后至第11天,50,100和200 m g/L N aC l处理叶片中淀粉含量增幅随胁迫强度的增加而增大,而400 m g/L N aC l处理的增幅较小。     

薄荷蔗糖酶的化学修饰

采用NBS、PMSF、IAc、BrAc、SUAN、TNBS、PCMB、DTT以及金属离子和相关试剂在一定条件下选择性修饰蔗糖酶．结果表明：0．5mmol／L的PMSF使酶活性丧失95％,10／μmol／L的NBS使酶活性丧失93％0．5mmol／LNPCMB使酶活性降至12％,酶修饰呈一级反应,推测Trp、Ser的残基可能是薄荷叶片蔗糖酶的活啦必需基团,而His、Lys的残基不在薄荷蔗糖酶的活性中心．     

甘蔗叶片中转化酶的变化规律及其与生长和糖分积累的关系

本试验以中早熟高糖品种川蔗10号和迟熟低糖品种海蔗5号为材料,研究甘蔗叶片中转化酶的变化规律及其对甘蔗主要性状的影响。结果表明,叶片中转化酶活力与生长呈正相关,而与糖分积累呈负相关。成熟期较高的酸性转化酶活力对糖分积累不利。不同类型品种转化酶转化模式不同,反映了它们遗传型的差异。因此,转化酶特别是酸性转化酶可作为甘蔗育种及其基因型选择的显著生理指标。     

皱马鞍菌液体培养过程中胞外酶及还原糖的动态变化

对皱马鞍菌(Helvella crispa)液体培养过程中不同胞外酶活性和还原糖含量的动态变化进行了研 究。结果表明,在28 ℃、110 r,／min恒温振荡培养条件下,皱马鞍菌菌丝体生物量在第13天达峰值(9．40 g／L);发酵 液pH值逐渐上升,从第9天(8．24)后基本保持平稳;胞外蛋白含量于第6天达峰值(8．30 mg／mL);胞外还原糖 含量急剧上升,至第3天达峰值(20．43 mg／mL),之后迅速下降,到第8天降为1．38 mg／mL,此后一直维持在1 mg／mL水平。皱马鞍菌对碳水化合物的利用顺序为淀粉、纤维素、木质素。淀粉酶的活性高峰出现在第3天,并一 直保持在较高水平;CMC酶6 d后急剧分泌,第7天达峰值,之后又急速下降;愈创木酚氧化酶和多酚氧化酶活性 高峰出现最晚,均在第14天。酸性蔗糖转化酶活性在培养期间始终很低,而中性蔗糖转化酶活性呈阶梯上升趋势。     

鲜黄梨果实糖积累及山梨醇转化相关酶活性的变化

对鲜黄梨果实发育中糖积累及山梨醇转化相关酶活性的变化进行了研究。结果表明:果实发育前期以积累山梨醇和淀粉为主,后期以积累果糖为主。果实整个发育过程中,葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、可溶性总糖含量逐渐增加,山梨醇和淀粉含量先增加后降低。山梨醇脱氢酶和山梨醇氧化酶在果实发育早中期活性逐渐增高,后期活性降低,但较前期高,两者共同对山梨醇的转化起调控作用。     

间作作物及其还田时间对土壤碳素状况和相关酶活性的影响

Catch crops that are cultivated for green manure play an important role in improving soil properties. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of catch crop(pea, Pisum sativum L.) management, i.e., incorporation of catch crop in October/November(autumn) and March(spring), and without catch crop(control), on soil organic carbon(SOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and the activities of carbon(C)-cycle enzymes, including cellulase(Cel), β-glucosidase(Glu) and invertase(Inv). Additionally, soil total nitrogen(TN) and p HKClwere investigated. The catch crop was cultivated from August to October each year during 2008–2010. Soil samples were collected from the field of spring barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) that had been grown after the catch crop. Soil samples for microbial activity determination were taken in March, May, June and August in 2009, 2010 and2011, while SOC and TN contents as well as p HKClwere determined in March and August. The chemical properties studied did not show significant changes as influenced by the experimental factors. The use of catch crop significantly increased the MBC content and the activities of C-cycle enzymes compared to the control. When the catch crop was incorporated in spring, a significantly higher MBC content was noted in March and May compared to autumn incorporation. Moreover, the spring incorporation of the catch crop significantly increased the Glu activity(except March), while the activities of Cel and Inv as well as the rate of soil basal respiration were usually unaffected by the time of catch crop incorporation. Greater microbial biomass and higher enzyme activities in the catch crop-treated soil, compared to the control, indicated that the application of the catch crop as a green manure could be recommended as a promising technique to increase the biological activity of the soil. Since there was no significant effect or no consistent results were obtained related to the time of catch crop incorporation, both spring and autumn applications can be recommended as a management tool to improve the status of soil properties during the growth of a subsequent crop.     

巴西橡胶树中碱性转化酶HbNINa基因的克隆和表达模式分析

检索橡胶树EST和基因组数据库,发现了1个在叶片中高丰度表达的中碱性转化酶基因.采用RT-PCR和RACE技术获得了该基因的cDNA和基因组序列,命名为Hb NINa.序列分析结果显示,HbNINa基因cDNA序列的编码区(CDS)序列长度为1 719 bp,对应的基因组序列为3 696 bp.序列分析表明,该基因编码571个氨基酸多肽,推测其分子量大小为65.7 ku,等电点为6.36.HbNINa蛋白包含植物中碱性转化酶的全部保守结构域.基因组结构分析显示Hb NINa基因包含4个外显子和3个内含子.QPCR分析结果表明,HbNINa基因在在胶乳中表达水平极低,而在其他组织如树皮、树叶和雌花中的表达丰度相对较高.在叶片发育过程中,Hb NINa在叶片发育的初期高丰度表达,推测HbNINa可能参与叶片蔗糖利用,进而在橡胶树叶片发育过程中起重要作用.     

Evaluation of performance of sorghum varieties grown in Tokyo for sugar accumulation and its correlation with vacuolar invertase genes SbInv1 and SbInv2

ABSTRACT

The sugar-accumulating potential of global and local sweet and grain sorghum varieties were tested under the local conditions. The basis for this study was the dependency of sugar accumulation on temperature and photoperiod. Thus, the efficacy of cultivars as a bioenergy source would need to be determined based on their performance under the local environmental conditions. A strong correlation of sucrose content with brix was observed, enabling large-scale screening of varieties for high sucrose content. The morphological characteristics inherent in sweet sorghum, such as tall stems, greater number of leaves and a longer vegetative period, were found to correlate with the total stem sugar content. Assessment of sugars along the stem revealed maximum sugar accumulation in the upper intermediate to upper internodes in most of the varieties tested. The maximum theoretical ethanol yield (MTEY), a function of brix and juice yield, was determined as a better indicator of testing the performance of a variety as a potential source of bioethanol, mainly due to a negative correlation of stem juiciness and sucrose content in the varieties tested. Further, the relative expression of vacuolar invertase genes, SbINV1 and SbINV2, was studied, and a strong negative correlation of SbINV2 to stem sucrose content was observed. This reveals a possibility of involvement of vacuolar invertase gene, SbINV2, in sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum stems, and as a key candidate for molecular breeding studies for higher stem sugar content.     

葡萄霜霉菌候选效应子RXLR5信号肽的鉴定

利用Getorf、SignalP 3.0、BLASTP等生物信息学软件和PERL语言从葡萄霜霉菌基因组中预测到一条编码RXLR-EER结构域的效应蛋白候选基因,将该基因编码的蛋白命名为RXLR5。将RXLR5信号肽SP5编码序列连接到pSUC2T7M13ORI载体并转化到酵母蔗糖酶缺陷菌株YTK12后,重组菌株能成功分泌蔗糖酶,促使棉籽糖分解成单糖,因此,能在YPRAA培养基上正常生长;同时生成的单糖能与TTC反应产生红色不溶于水的氯化三苯基四氮唑。由此推测,SP5具有信号肽活性,可能在RXLR5从葡萄霜霉菌细胞内泌到胞外的过程中起重要作用。