山丹马6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶及葡萄糖磷酸异构酶的多态性研究

用淀粉凝胶电泳及琼脂覆盖技术对山丹马的血液红细胞6磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶和葡萄糖磷酸异构酶的电泳变异进行了测定。在6磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶座位发现了3种表现型,即FF,FD和FS,其频率分别为0.958,0.021和0.021。在葡萄糖磷酸异构酶座位发现了两种表现型,即II和FI,其频率分别为0.771和0.229。等位基因频率直接通过表型计算出:PGDF为0.979,PGDD为0.0104,PGDS为0.0104;GPIF为0.1146,GPII为0.8854。亲子关系排除概率在6PGD和GPI座位点分别为0.1009和0.0912。两座位的个体识别概率分别为0.081和0.353。     

The Effects of Replacing Dicalcium Phosphate with Busumbu Rock Phosphate on Performance and the Mechanical Properties of Bone in Growing Chicks

Three hundred, day-old broiler chicks, with an average initial weight of 41.8±1.79 g, were used in a 15-day study (10 birds per battery cage) to characterize their performance and fluorine status when dicalcium phosphate (DCP) was replaced by Busumbu rock phosphate (BRP) as the source of phosphorus in the chicks' ration. The treatments comprised a standard ration with BRP replacing 0, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% of DCP. Replacing DCP with BRP significantly reduced the final weight of the chicks (p<0.01), feed intake (p<0.01), weight gains (p<0.01) and dry matter digestibility (p<0.05) but increased (p<0.05) the feed-to-gain ratio. True phosphorus absorption and the percentage of phosphorus in the tibia were not affected by increasing amounts of BRP in the diet. Increasing levels of BRP in the diet linearly reduced (p<0.01) the percentage bone ash, calcium, Ca:P ratio, ultimate breaking force, bending moment, stress, and modulus of elasticity. Leg stiffness, lameness, reduced feed intake, and a decline in general health were recorded in 10–40% of the chicks on 75% and 100% BRP, respectively. These results suggest that excessive ingestion of fluorine from the BRP caused the reduction in the chicks' performance.     

无磷酸氢钙日粮对生长猪的影响研究

将48头杜×长×大三元杂交生长猪随机分为两组,分别饲喂正常磷水平日粮和无磷酸氢钙日粮,结果表明:与正常磷水平日粮相比,无磷酸氢钙日粮可显著提高磷的表观消化率(P<0.05),增加猪场的纯收入,减少粪中磷的排放以保护猪场周边的生态环境。     

硝酸磷肥在双膜小拱棚西瓜上的应用效果研究

从2011年3-7月布置在双膜小拱棚西瓜上的肥料试验。试验结果表明,硝磷肥比等养分氮磷复(混)合肥增产7.8%～8.2%,增加纯收益366.60～395.60元,同时可以提高西瓜品质。肥效表现均一稳定,经济效益较高。     

酸性醇醚磷酸酯中单、双酯含量的测定

以三氯氧磷和醇醚为原料合成的醇醚磷酸酯中含有大量盐酸,盐酸的存在影响产品中单、双酯含量的确定.通过测定氯离子含量可间接确定醇醚磷酸酯中的盐酸含量,从而可较准确的测定单酯、双酯、三酯及磷酸含量.     

种植密度与底磷肥用量对绿豆产量的影响

通过２因子４水平复因子试验与统计分析，研究了绿豆种植密度和底磷肥施用量对绿豆产量的影响。结果表明，绿豆种植密度和底磷肥施用量，是决定绿豆产量的主要因素。明确了绿豆的最佳种植密度和底磷肥施用量。     

Protection and fastness of green color of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) treated with chromium-based reagents

The attractive green color of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) culms fades without chemical treatment. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) has been used to protect the green color of bamboo, but CCA is harmful to factory workers and the environment. To overcome the toxicity of arsenic in CCA, two chromium-based formulas developed by the authors, chromated copper phosphate (CCP) and chromated phosphate (CP), were evaluated for their protection of the green color of moso bamboo. The results revealed that bamboo treated with CP had a greener color than those treated with CCA or CCP. The concentration, treatment time, and CrO₃/H₃PO₄ ratio in CP solution greatly affected the color of moso bamboo culms. The attractive green color, which resembles the color of fresh-cut moso bamboo, was obtained by treating bamboo with 2% CP solution at 60°C for 3h, using a 11 CrO₃/H₃PO₄ ratio in aqueous solution. In addition, the CP-treated moso bamboo exhibited excellent green color fastness in both accelerated ultraviolet lightfastness testing and outdoor weathering exposure.     

添加螯合剂对磷酸二铵溶解、固定及转化的影响

【目的】促进磷肥溶解、减少磷素固定是提高磷肥利用率的重要途径。本研究通过向磷酸二铵中添加羟基乙叉二膦酸和葡萄糖酸钠制备磷肥试验产品,研究其溶解和防固定性能及磷素肥际转化特征,为磷肥高效利用提供依据。【方法】选择羟基乙叉二膦酸（HEDP）和葡萄糖酸钠（SG）两种螯合剂,分别按0、0.5%、1%、3%、5%的添加比例与粉状磷酸二铵混匀并挤压造粒,制备出普通磷酸二铵（P）、HEDP_0.5%+P、HEDP_1%+P、HEDP_3%+P、HEDP_5%+P、SG_0.5%+P、SG_1%+P、SG_3%+P和SG_5%+P等9种颗粒磷酸二铵试验产品。分别采用水溶出率法和CaCl₂沉淀法分析比较不同磷酸二铵试验产品的水溶性磷的溶解速率和固定率,并利用土壤培养法研究其肥际移动和转化特征。【结果】（1）添加HEDP和SG的磷酸二铵平均溶解速率较普通磷酸二铵分别提高27.7%和20.0%;HEDP和SG在5%和0.5%添加量时溶解速率最高,分别达5.1%·min^-1和4.8%·min^-1,溶解15 min的溶出率分别为76.6%和72.6%,较普通磷酸二铵提高39.2%和32.6%。（2）添加HEDP和SG,磷酸二铵中水溶性磷固定率分别降低10.3%和6.6%,与普通磷酸二铵相比,HEDP和SG添加量分别为5%和3%时水溶性磷固定率最低,分别为58.1%和61.3%,较普通磷酸二铵降低17.0%和11.8%。（3）HEDP+P和SG+P处理肥际土壤有效磷含量较普通磷酸二铵分别显著提高39.5%和21.2%,以HEDP+P肥际土壤有效磷含量更高。HEDP和SG添加量均在3%时肥际微域有效磷含量最高,分别为2.9和2.5 g·kg^-1,较普通磷酸二铵提高53.3%和31.9%。（4）HEDP+P和SG+P处理肥际微域Ca₂-P含量较普通磷酸二铵分别提高38.2%和43.0%,均在螯合剂添加量为3%时最高;在施肥层上下5 mm肥际微域范围内,HEDP+P和SG+P的处理Ca₈-P含量较P处理分别降低33.6%和14.5%,HEDP和SG添加量分别在0.5%和3%时肥际微域Ca₈-P含量最低,分别为0.9和1.5 g·kg^-1,较P处理分别降低53.4%和25.8%。（5）肥际微域中有效磷和Ca₂-P含量与磷肥的溶解速率显著正相关,与水溶性磷固定率显著负相关（P<0.01）。【结论】添加羟基乙叉二膦酸和葡萄糖酸钠均可促进磷酸二铵溶解,有效减少磷素固定,其中羟基乙叉二膦酸的助溶解及防固定效果更好,且当其添加量为3%时能更显著地提高肥际土壤有效磷含量,并减少Ca₂-P向Ca₈-P的转化。     

大鹏澳网箱养殖海域磷酸盐在沉积物-海水界面交换速率的研究

应用实验室培养法研究了大亚湾大鹏澳网箱养殖海域磷酸盐(PO_4-P)在沉积物-海水界面上的交换通量；并根据改进的连续函数法计算了PO_4-P在沉积物-海水界面上交换速率。结果表明：(1)PO_4-P在沉积物-海水界面上的交换通量随时间的变化关系满足以e为底的指数衰减函数；(2)整个调查海域PO_4-P在沉积物-海水界面上的交换速率为0．27～2．47 mmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1)。其中,网箱养殖区PO_4-P的交换速率(0．82～2．47 mmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1))明显高于对照区PO_4-P的交换速率(0．27～0．62 mmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1)),长时期的养殖活动使养殖区沉积环境中的磷得以积累,PO_4-P在沉积物-水界面上的交换速率升高。     

Influence of sediment phosphorus on utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer: a mesocosm study

Influence of initial sediment phosphorus content of the pond sediment on P dose efficiency was examined in a laboratory experiment using four types of sediments collected from ponds located along a nutrient gradient in a sewage‐fed fish farm. Each sediment type (500 g) was dispensed in a glass jar with water and treated with single super phosphate (SSP) treatment at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg L^?1 in triplicate. Determination of orthophosphate (OP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in water and available and total P in sediment showed increased response in relation to dose and time. At a given dose, the rate of increase for all species of phosphate in sediment or water was maximum in the case of local pond (LP) soil followed by stocking pond (SP), facultative pond (FP) and anaerobic pond (AP) soil, suggesting that utililization of phosphate fertilizer was much better under oligotrophic conditions than under eutrophic states. The SSP‐induced OP peak at 10 mg L^?1 in LP sediment was similar to that of 5.0 mg L^?1 in AP sediment containing 59% enhanced initial phosphate, implying that fertilizer application can be profitably reduced by 18% in the former without limiting the OP level in the water phase. It is concluded that dosage selection of phosphorus fertilizer in aquaculture ponds should be based on an evaluation of the initial P status of the system.