大鹏澳网箱养殖海域磷酸盐在沉积物-海水界面上换速率的研究

应用实验室培养法研究了大亚湾大鹏澳网箱养殖海域磷酸盐（PO4-P）在沉积物-海水界面上的交换通量;并根据改进的连续函数法计算了PO4-P在沉积物-海水界面上交换速率。结果表明：（1）PO4-P在沉积物-海水界面上的交换通量随时间的变化关系满足以e为底的指数衰减函数;（2）整个调查海域PO4-P在沉积物-海水界面上的交换速率为0.27~2.47 mmolm-2d-1。其中,网箱养殖区PO4-P的交换速率（0.82~2.47 mmolm-2d-1）明显高于对照区PO4-P的交换速率（0.27~0.62 mmolm-2d-1）,长时期的养殖活动使养殖区沉积环境中的磷得以积累,PO4-P在沉积物-水界面上的交换速率升高。     

光合细菌固定化及其处理含油废水的研究

采用固定化光合细菌PSBRS(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)处理含油废水.比较了3种不同包埋材料固定化光合细菌处理含油废水的效果,对固定化光合细菌去除废水中油的工艺条件进行了优化,并分析了油降解后的脂肪酸成分.通过几种固定化工艺的比较,确定了2%沸石+2%海藻酸钠(CA)的凝胶剂组合作为共固定材料.结果表明,该同定化颗粒降解1 000mL含油废水的最佳使用条件为:好氧避光条件下,粒径4 mm,包埋比1:2,颗粒投加量10 g.6 d后含油废水中油、NH+4-N、PO3-4的去除率分别为80.1%、87.4%、96.3%.通过固定化光合细菌与游离态光合细菌对油去除率的比较,固定化光合细菌去油率达到74.95%,与游离态PSBRS(去油率为35.31%)相比,提高约50%以上.此外,分析了油降解后的脂肪酸成分,固定化光合细菌对脂肪酸的去除效果显著,为今后开展高效处理含油废水的微生物筛选和固定化技术研究奠定了基础.     

磷与海南柱花草生产

对热带地区柱花草生产的主要限制因子——磷进行了盆栽和田间试验研究，以探索柱花草的营养诊断适宜值和海南地区缺磷土壤的磷肥用量。试验表明，施用磷肥能提高产量、改善品质，随磷肥用量的增加，柱花草含磷量和粗蛋白含量提高；柱花草营养诊断的适宜磷含量为０．１４％～０．３４％，磷含量与采样时间无明显差异；根据磷肥试验建立的回归模型Ｙ＝５３２４．８５＋７４５．０５Ｘ－５０．５５Ｘ２，海南缺磷土壤推茬施磷（Ｐ２Ｏ５）量为：５２．５～９７．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２（过磷酸钙３２９～６０９ｋｇ／ｈｍ２），最大施磷（Ｐ２Ｏ５）量应低于１１０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。     

外源性磷酸肌酸停跳液对儿童心肌保护作用的临床观察

目的:观察外源性磷酸肌酸对儿童心肌保护作用。方法:将30例心脏手术患儿随机分为实验组和对照组,每组15例。实验组采用含磷酸肌酸(CP)的st.Thomas 号停跳液,对照组采用st.Thomas 号停跳液,分别以手术中心脏停跳液用量、心脏停搏情况、心脏复跳情况、术后心律失常的发生率、血中肌钙蛋白T(Tn T)评价两种诱导停跳液的心肌保护作用。结果:(1)实验组停跳液能达到与对照组停跳液同样好的停跳效果;(2 )心脏自动复跳率、复跳后ST段改变、术后心律失常的发生率,两组间差异无显著性(P>0 .0 5 ) ;(3)实验组术中、术后6、2 4、4 8h的血Tn T水平均明显低于对照组(P<0 .0 1)。结论:磷酸肌酸停跳液较单纯晶体停跳液具有更好的心肌保护作用。     

Effects of maturity stage and feeding strategy of whole crop barley silage on intake, digestibility and milk production in dairy cows

Five diets containing concentrate, grass silage and whole crop barley silage (WCBS) harvested at different maturity stages were fed to 15 multiparous dairy cows in an incomplete change-over design over three periods. Three diets contained 10.7 kg dry matter (DM) concentrate, 4 kg DM grass silage, and ad libitum access to WCBS harvested at either the heading stage (B1), the early milk stage (B2) or the early dough stage (B3) of maturity. The other two diets contained 10.7 kg DM concentrate, whereas grass silage and WCBS at heading were mixed at two different ratios with a DM content of WCBS of either 0.30 (M1) or 0.70 (M2), and the mixtures were fed ad libitum. Intakes of DM (kg day^− 1: B1 = 21.0, B2 = 20.6 and B3 = 20.0) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF; kg day^− 1: B1 = 7.0, B2 = 6.4 and B3 = 6.3) decreased, whereas starch intake increased (kg day^− 1: B1 = 3.1, B2 = 3.5 and B3 = 4.0) with increasing maturity at harvest. The apparent organic matter (OM) digestibility (g kg^− 1: B1 = 800, B2 = 774 and B3 = 729) decreased with increasing maturity stage, and consequently so did the digestible OM intake. Milk (kg day^− 1: B1 = 27.2, B2 = 26.1 and B3 = 25.9) and energy corrected milk (ECM; kg day^− 1: B1 = 31.0, B2 = 29.4 and B3 = 28.2) yields, and protein concentration (g kg^− 1: B1 = 37.1, B2 = 36.4 and B3 = 36.0) decreased with increasing maturity stage of the WCBS. When cows were fed diet B3 the milk fat concentration decreased (46.4 g kg^− 1) compared to diets B1 (49.3 g kg^− 1) and B2 (49.4 g kg^− 1). The difference in ECM yield between diets B1 and B3 was due to a combined effect of lower milk yield, and lower protein and fat concentrations. This was caused by the higher starch and lower NDF intakes with diet B3, which decreased the milk fat concentration. Moreover, a lower energy intake of diet B3 due to lower OM digestibility decreased milk protein concentration and milk yield. Mixing WCBS at the heading stage with grass silage (M2) decreased digestibility, compared to feeding the forages separately (B1). However, the differences were small and may be a result of soil contamination at harvest of some of the silages, which made the method with using incomplete faecal collection and internal marker acid insoluble ash less reliable. Including WCBS at the heading stage at 0.30 or 0.70 of forage DM did not affect DM intake or diet digestibility, probably because the grass silage in the study was very similar in energy content to the WCBS harvested at heading.     

pH、盐度对文蛤呼吸与排泄的影响

以文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)为受试生物,采用静态法研究了不同pH和盐度下文蛤耗氧率、排氨率、排磷率及氧氮比(O∶N)的变化规律。结果表明:pH为8.7试验组文蛤耗氧率、排氨率及排磷率显著高于6.7、7.7、9.7及10.7试验组(P0.05),pH为7.7和8.7试验组O∶N值显著高于6.7、9.7及10.7试验组(P0.05);pH在6.7~10.7范围内,文蛤耗氧率、排氨率、排磷率及O∶N均随pH的升高呈先升后降的变化趋势,pH为8.7时文蛤耗氧率、排氨率、排磷率以及O∶N均为最大值,依次为5.46 mg·(g·h)-1、0.17 mg·(g·h)-1、0.19 mg·(g·h)~(-1)、27.17。盐度为20试验组文蛤耗氧率、排氨率、排磷率及O∶N显著高于16、18、22及24试验组(P0.05);盐度在16~24范围内,文蛤耗氧率、排氨率、排磷率及O∶N均随盐度的增加呈先升后降的变化趋势,盐度为20时文蛤耗氧率、排氨率、排磷率及O∶N均为最大值,分别为5.66 mg·(g·h)~(-1)、0.20 mg·(g·h)~(-1)、0.30 mg·(g·h)~(-1)和27.40。本实验研究范围内,文蛤生长的最适pH在8.7左右,最适盐度在20左右,为文蛤的人工养殖提供了重要的数据支持。     

施用接种解磷真菌的壮秧剂对水稻秧苗生长特性及磷素吸收的影响

通过苗床培养试验,研究了在低有效磷营养土上施用接种解磷青霉菌的壮秧剂对水稻秧苗的生长特性及磷素吸收的影响。结果表明,在低磷条件下,施用接种解磷菌的壮秧剂可以显著提高水稻秧苗的株高、地上部干、鲜生物量、根系活力、地上部磷含量和磷吸收量,在5个处理中,P2处理水稻秧苗的株高比对照提高16.81%,地上部鲜生物量比对照增加21.28%,地上部干生物量比对照增加12.42%,地上部磷含量比对照提高31.11%,地上部磷素吸收量比对照提高44.03%,表现效果较好,其次是P1和P4处理,其中P1处理的根部干、鲜生物量、根部的磷素含量和磷素吸收量均高于其他处理。在有效磷较低的土壤上,施用接种解磷菌的壮秧剂,可以促进作物苗期生长,分解土壤中难溶性磷,提高土壤磷素的利用效率。     

Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Concentrated Phosphate Removal by Calcite

The phosphate removal mechanisms of Calcite were investigated with the tests of X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurement, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT IR) analysis , specific surface area by Brunauer Emmett Teller(BET) method and pole size distribution by Barrett Joyner Halenda(BJH) method. The main influencing factors on phosphate removal were investigated and the removal mechanism was approved. It was shown that phosphate removal efficiency was significantly influenced by reaction time, temperature, pH value and dosage of calcite. And with BET, BJH and TEM tests, no porous materials, less than 16.0 m2/g for the specific surface area and below 0.085 cm3/g for total pore volume, were found during the reaction process so as to prove that absorption was not the main way of phosphate removal. And based on XRD and FT IR tests, it was found that chemical precipitation was the main way of phosphate removal which contained two steps: the formation of CaHPO4·2H2O(DCPD) and its transformation to ACP, and the controlling step was DCPD’s transformation to ACP.     

磷酸钠对粉红单端孢的离体抑菌作用研究

以引起果蔬采后病害的重要病原物粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)为研究对象,探究离体条件下不同浓度磷酸钠对T. roseum菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用及其初步机理。结果表明,不同浓度磷酸钠处理均可抑制T. roseum菌丝生长和孢子萌发,且随着处理浓度的增加,抑制效果增强。此外,2.0 mg/mL磷酸钠处理降低了T. roseum胞外相对电导率,提高了胞外丙二醛和可溶性蛋白含量,降低了胞外可溶性糖含量。扫描电镜结果显示,2.0 mg/mL磷酸钠处理的孢子表面粗糙且发生皱缩。因此,离体条件下磷酸钠能够抑制T. roseum生长,其抑菌机理与细胞膜结构的破坏有关。     

家蚕滞育卵中辅酶Ⅰ和辅酶Ⅱ的含量变化

利用苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和柠檬酸合酶(CS)串联反应以及葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)催化葡萄糖-6-磷酸(G-6-P)脱氢反应,分别测定了家蚕滞育发动、即时浸酸和低温冷藏处理蚕卵辅酶Ⅰ(NAD+)和辅酶Ⅱ(NADP+)的含量。滞育发动时蚕卵NAD+含量显著下降,而即时浸酸和低温冷藏处理使蚕卵NAD+含量显著提高。蚕卵中的NADP+在滞育发动前大量积累,滞育发动时下降,即时浸酸处理后NADP+含量显著提高,在低温冷藏早期其含量进一步提高,低温冷藏处理后期又显著下降。分析上述结果认为,家蚕滞育卵中NAD+和NADP+含量的变化分别与呼吸耗氧量和糖元-山梨醇相互转化密切相关。