儿茶素在家兔体内的药物动力学及生物利用度研究

对家兔单剂量静注和灌服儿茶素 (Catechin) 2 5mg/kg体重各 5只。用高效液相色谱法测定其血药浓度。房室模型分析表明静注给药后的药时数据符合无吸收二室开放模型 ,主要动力学参数为 :t1 / 2α=( 0 .1 5± 0 .0 1 )h ,t1 / 2 β=( 0 .5 8± 0 .0 2 )h ,Vc=( 1 .41± 0 .0 8)L ,Vβ=( 2 .97±0 .1 1 )L ,ClB=( 3.5 3± 0 .1 0 )L/h ,AUC =( 1 6.95± 1 .5 2 )mg/(L·h)。灌服儿茶素的药时数据符合一级吸收一室开放模型 ,主要药物动力学参数为 :t1 / 2Ka=( 0 .39± 0 .0 6)h ,t1 / 2Ke=( 0 .79±0 .1 1 )h ,tmax=( 0 .78± 0 .1 1 )h ,Cmax=( 3.35± 0 .1 6)mg/L ,AUC =( 7.45± 0 .94)mg/(L·h) ,F =( 4 4.1 8± 3.5 9) %。儿茶素在健康家兔体内的药动学特征是 :吸收迅速 ,达峰时间短 ,消除快 ,半衰期短 ,表观分布容积较大 ,口服摄入吸收不完全     

Effects of pistachio by‐products on digestibility,milk production,milk fatty acid profile and blood metabolites in Saanen dairy goats

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pistachio by‐products (PBP) on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and milk fatty acid (FA) profile in Saanen dairy goats. Nine multiparous lactating Saanen goats (on day 90 post‐partum, 45 ± 2/kg BW) were randomly assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three treatment diets: 1) control diet (alfalfa hay based), 2) 32% PBP and 3) 32% PBP + polyethylene glycol (PEG‐4000; 1 g/kg dry matter). Each period lasted 21 days, including 14 day for treatment adaptation and 7 day for data collection. Pistachio by‐products significantly decreased (p < 0.01) crude protein (CP) digestibility compared with the control diet (64.4% vs. 58.7%), but PEG addition did not differ for CP digestibility of goats fed 32% PBP + PEG and those fed the two other diets. The digestibility of NDF tended (p = 0.06) to decrease for goats fed PBP compared with those fed the control diet. Yields of milk and 4% fat‐corrected milk were not affected by dietary treatments. Compared with the control diet, PBP supplementation appreciably changed the proportions of almost all the milk FA measured; the main effects were decreases (p < 0.01) in FA from 8:0 to 16:0 and increases (p < 0.01) proportions of cis‐9, trans‐11 18:2 and trans‐11 18:1, monounsaturated FA, polyunsaturated FA and long‐chain FA. The saturated FA, short‐chain FA and medium‐chain FA proportions were lower (p < 0.01) in goats fed the two PBP supplemented diet than in those fed the control diet and PEG addition led to intermediate proportions of saturated FA, unsaturated and monounsaturated FA. Inclusion of PBP in the diet decreased (p < 0.01) plasma concentrations of glucose and urea nitrogen compared with the control diet. It was concluded that PBP can be used as forage in the diet of dairy goats without interfering with milk yield. Inclusion of 32% PBP in the diet of dairy goats had beneficial effects on milk FA profile but PEG addition to PBP did not contribute to enhance further milk FA profile.     

Transition of Historical Control Data for High Incidence Tumors in F344 Rats

Historical control data of tumor incidence were collected from the control groups (215 animals of each sex) in four recent carcinogenicity studies that were started between 2005 to 2009 (terminally sacrificed between 2007 and 2011) at BoZo Research Center Inc. (Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan) using Fischer 344 rats (F344/DuCrlCrlj). These data were compared to the previous historical control data (from 1990 to 2004, previously reported) in the same facility. In the results, the incidence of C-cell adenoma in the thyroid tended to increase in both sexes in recent years (30.8% for males and 24.4% for females in 2005-2009) as compared with the previous data (17.4% and 20.1% for males and 11.5% and 11.8% for females in 1990–1999 and 2000–2004, respectively). In addition, the incidences of pancreatic islet cell adenoma in males and uterine adenocarcinoma tended to increase from around 2000 and remained high in recent years (incidences of islet cell adenoma in males of 10.5%, 17.1% and 20.5% in 1990–1999, 2000–2004 and 2005–2009; incidences of uterine adenocarcinoma of 3.3%, 12.0% and 13.5% in 1990–1999, 2000–2004 and 2005–2009, respectively). There was no apparent difference in the incidence of other tumors.     

种植密度和施肥水平对青海旱地覆膜种植甜高粱草产量及品质的影响

以甜高粱(Sorghum dochna)吉甜5号和九甜杂3号为材料,在海拔2 040m的青海旱地覆膜进行了不同种植密度(行株距分别为40cm×40cm、40cm×30cm、40cm×20cm)和追施不同尿素量(0、150和225kg·hm~(-2))对草产量及品质影响的研究。结果显示,吉甜5号和九甜杂3号两个品种在行距×株距为40cm×20cm(12.00万穴·hm~(-2))时的鲜草产量和干草产量最高,鲜草产量分别达99.75和108.17t·hm~(-2),干草产量分别达17.89和22.58t·hm~(-2);在生长中期追施150kg·hm~(-2)尿素时草产量较高,品质较好,两个品种的粗蛋白分别达5.47%和4.80%,粗脂肪分别达5.67和7.57g·kg~(-1),酸性洗涤纤维较低,综合表现良好。以上结果表明,青海旱地甜高粱种植密度为12.00万穴·hm~(-2),生长中期追施尿素150kg·hm~(-2)最为适宜。     

高钙日粮对蛋铜及子代出壳雏鸡体内铜含量的影响

在蛋鸡基础日粮中添加不同水平的钙,研究了高钙日粮对其蛋铜及子代出壳雏鸡血铜和组织铜含量的影响。结果显示,高钙日粮对铜含量影响不规律,其效应因脏器组织而异。     

高温条件下湿度对肉仔鸡耗料量,耗水量及生产性能的影响

本研究分２个试验,研究了高温条件下不同湿度对肉仔鸡耗鸡料量、耗水量及生产性能的影响。试验１用４－５周龄肉鸡２１６只,温度控制为３２℃;试验２用６－７周龄肉仔鸡１８０只,温度控制为３０℃。试验１和２均设３０％、６０％、９０％三个湿度组,每组设６个重复,试验期均为２周。结果表明,在高温条件下９０％相对温度组鸡单位体重耗水量同于３０％相对湿度组;随着鸡周龄从４－５周龄增至６－７周龄,高温地本重耗料量、单     

高海拔地区鸡胚发育关键因素研究

对藏鸡(T)、饲养在北京的藏鸡(TB)、矮小隐性白(D)、农大小型蛋鸡商品代种蛋(M)、寿光鸡(S)、藏鸡×矮小隐性白(TD)、藏鸡×寿光鸡(TS)7组种蛋在西藏林芝进行孵化研究,通过阶段死亡率、出雏率、失水率数据分析了影响高海拔地区胚胎发育的关键因素。结果表明胚胎本身的高原生活力是鸡蛋高海拔孵化主要因素,其次是蛋壳传导力。     

半胱胺盐酸盐对泌乳20～42周奶牛产奶性能和部分免疫指标的影响

采用96头多胎荷斯坦奶牛,试验开始时平均泌乳时间为135d,平均日产奶量35kg。根据试验前1周日平均产奶量(M)将牛群分为4个产量组:第1组M≤30kg(n=24),第2组30kg40kg(n=24)。每组内随机划分半胱胺盐酸盐(Lactonin,LT)试验(Treatment,n=49)与对照(Control,n=47)。试验于平均泌乳期第20周开始,按剂量顺序给试验组奶牛添喂经过包被保护的半胱胺盐酸盐(Lactonin)2000～6000U/d,持续23周。试验1组(n=12)平均奶产量增加18%(P<0.05);4个试验组(n=49)平均乳脂率显著增加(P<0.05),乳蛋白率呈增加的趋势(0.05相似文献   

高铜对雏鸡器官组织病理损害的研究

将420只1日龄艾维菌健雏，随机分为7组，分别饲以含铜量11mg／kg的基础日粮和含铜量分别为100、200、300、400、500和600mg／kg的6种高铜日粮6周，研究高铜对雏鸡的病理损害。结果显示，日粮含铜100和200mg／kg对雏鸡有促生长作用。日粮铜水平达300mg／kg以上时，对雏鸡器官组织造成不同程度的病理损伤，表现为肌胃角质层增厚呈黄褐色；肝呈浅黄色或深褐色，肝细胞脂肪变性；消化道上皮细胞变性坏死；免疫器官和肾、心脏、胰腺、大脑等器官的实质细胞肿胀；淋巴免疫器官体积缩小，淋巴细胞数量减少。超微结构观察发现，肝细胞胞浆和胞核内见有数量不等、大小不一的高电子密度的沉积物；凋亡的淋巴细胞染色质呈花瓣样、半月形或环形，聚集在核膜下。表明，肝、消化道和免疫器官是高铜损害的主要靶器官。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离鉴定及其分子流行病学分析

为了弄清2006年在我国南方一些猪场暴发的一种以高热、高发病率和高死亡率为特征的传染病的病因,我们从12个省市48个发病猪场采集临床样品进行了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)的分离鉴定和分子流行病学分析。结果显示从48个猪场样品中均检测出了PRRSV,通过完整的ORF5和部分Nsp2基因序列比较分析发现来自12个省市不同猪场的PRRSV高度同源,而且在Nsp2基因上都有两个相同位点的缺失;从分离的15株PRRSV中选择湖南分离株HuN4人工感染5头60日龄的健康猪,结果5头猪分别在7 d～21 d内全部死亡,感染猪的临床症状和现地所见十分相似。本次试验结果表明新出现的以Nsp2基因部分缺失为特征的PRRSV对猪是高致病性的,可能是2006年大部分猪场暴发"高热综合症"的主要病因。