The cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine in dogs with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate

Objective To determine the electrocardiographic and cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate. Study design Randomized crossover experimental study. Animals Six (three male, three female) cross‐bred dogs weighing 23 ± 2.4 kg. Methods Baseline cardiopulmonary measurements were obtained in conscious dogs and one of five treatments was administered. Glycopyrrolate (G) 0.01 mg kg^?1, or saline (S) 0.5 mL, were administered IM as premedication (Gp or Sp), or G was administered concurrently (Gc) with romifidine (RO). Treatments were as follows T1, Sp + RO 40 µg kg^?1; T2, Gp + RO (40 µg kg^?1); T3, Sp + RO 120 µg kg^?1; T4, Gp + RO (120 µg kg^?1); T5, Sp + Gc + RO (120 µg kg^?1). Romifidine or RO + Gc was administered subcutaneously 20 minutes after premedication (time 0), and further measurements were taken 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after RO. The main treatment effect was evaluated using two‐way anova for repeated measures, followed by one‐way anova and a post‐hoc least squares difference test with a modified Bonferroni correction (p < 0.02). A Student's t‐test was used to compare the effect of romifidine at 20 and 60 minutes versus baseline values (p < 0.05). Results Both low‐ and high‐dose RO (T1, T3) significantly decreased heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index, and increased arterial blood pressure (SAP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (PAOP) and central venous pressure. High‐dose RO produced greater increases in SVR and SAP measurements. Neither dose of RO produced an alteration in blood gas values or the alveolar to arterial oxygen gradient. Glycopyrrolate significantly increased HR and CI from 10 to 90 minutes between T1/T2 and T3/T4. Increases in SAP were dose related with significant differences between T1/T3 and T2/T4 at 90 and 10 minutes, respectively, and were highest in animals receiving Gp or Gc. High‐dose RO groups (T3, T4) had higher values for SVR than low‐dose RO groups (T1, T2), unrelated to G administration. There was an increase in PAOP in all treatments. The oxygen extraction ratio was increased with all treatments: larger increases were observed in T1, T3 and T4 compared with only minimal changes in T2. Concurrent G administration was associated with an increased frequency of high‐grade second‐degree atrioventricular heart block with variable conduction at 10 and 20 minutes. Conclusions Romifidine produced effects consistent with other selective α₂‐adrenoreceptor agonists. Glycopyrrolate offset the decrease in HR and partially offset the decrease in CI associated with RO administration. Glycopyrrolate premedication produced an initial tachycardia and added to the increase in SAP associated with RO. Concurrent G administration was associated with a higher frequency of dysrhythmias and is not recommended. Despite the decrease in RR, RO sedation did not alter blood gas values. Clinical relevance It appears likely that G administration prior to or concurrent with RO produces an increase in myocardial workload and oxygen demand suggesting that this combination should not be used in dogs with cardiomyopathy or heart failure. The improvement in oxygen extraction ratio with T2 suggests that G may be beneficial with lower doses of RO, nevertheless, the use of G and RO in cardiovascularly compromised patients is not advised.     

小麦灌浆期间营养器官对籽粒氮积累的影响

小麦灌浆期间叶片、颖壳、茎秆、叶鞘分解输出的氮素约占籽粒积累氮素量的60%～73%;各器官对籽粒含氮量的贡献依次为叶片>茎节>颖壳>叶鞘.施N量0～10.5kg/亩,各营养器官在灌浆初期含氮量均提高,最终输出率也相应提高;施N量超过10.5 kg/亩,最终输出率反而下降.     

犬空肠替代尿道术的研究

采用自体器官移植的思路，探索用自体部分带蒂空肠代替尿道的手术方法，以解决实际中动物因尿道结石、尿道损伤等所致的自身尿道无法正常排泄尿液的情况。经过术后观察，犬的各项生理指标均趋于正常。结果表明，此段带蒂空肠可存活，并可代替尿道，保证机体正常的尿液排泄，为犬的尿道再造术提供了一种新的方法。     

Study on Large Power Tractor Driver’s Heart Rate and Fatigue in Sowing Work

In order to reduce the driving fatigue in sowing work, this paper based on heart rate (HR) as the main indicator to survey, tested and analyzed the fatigue condition of the drivers of three imported tractors and one domestic tractor in sowing work. The results showed that when driving the imported tractors in sowing work, the HR increasing rate was 10.4%-14.3%, labor intensity belonged to the light level;when driving domestic tractor in sowing work, the HR increasing rate was 23.4%-33.0%, it was remarkably bigger than that of driving imported tractors (P＜0.05), labor intensity belonged to the middle level. The main effects on driving fatigue included the control methods, tractors' cab environment, processing time, operating content, and so on. Finally, we proposed the concrete measures and suggestions to reduce driving fatigue and improve drivers' work condition.     

Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist rosiglitazone on intestinal injury in rats undergoing orthotopic autologous liver transplantation by inhibiting inflammatory response

AIM: To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) agonist, on the expression of PPARγ, the activation of NF-κB and intestine injury in the rats undergoing orthotopic autologous liver transplantation(OALT).METHODS: Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group, sham group, OALT group and rosiglitazone(0.3 mg/kg, iv) pretreatment(ROS+OALT) group. The OALT model was established, and the intestinal tissues were collected 8 h after the liver reperfusion. The intestinal tissue sections were stained to visualize the damage. The expression of PPARγ and NF-κB in the tissues, the concentrations of diamine oxidase(DAO) and fatty acid-binding protein 2(FABP2) in the serum and the concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 in the tissues were measured.RESULTS: Compared with sham group, the intestinal mucosa of the rats showed obvious pathological injury after liver reperfusion in OALT group and ROS group, the Chiu,s scores of intestinal mucosa was significantly higher, and the serum concentrations of DAO and FABP2 increased(P<0.05). After rosiglitazone pretreatment, the injury of intestinal mucosa of the rats was alleviated, the Chiu,s scores was lower and the serum concentrations of DAO and FABP2 decreased(P<0.05), the PPARγ expression was obviously up-regulated in the intestinal tissues, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB was reduced and the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased.CONCLUSION: During perioperative period of OALT in rats, the inflammatory responses are obvious. Furthermore, obvious intestinal injury occurs. PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone obviously up-regulates PPARγ expression and inhibits the inflammation in the intestines, thus protecting against intestinal injury in rats undergoing OALT.     

Application of Time-frequency Representations in Study on Heart Sound

Heart sound is non-stationary signal, some of its important characteristics can be obtained by time - frequency analysis method. The criteria of different time-frequency representation concentricity of spectrogram, coverage, MSE and regularity of time envelope axe proposed, the performances of Short-time Fourier transform, Wigner - Ville distribution, continuous wavelet transform, and S transform in study on heart sound are compared based on these criteria , and concrete example of application is given.     

应用国产激素进行奶牛超数排卵的研究

研究了国产激素(FSH)在使用方法、时间、剂量、配制比例等方面对奶牛超数排卵效果的影响,并对供体牛的年龄、胎次、产后日期,重复超排及季节、气候等各种因素在超数排卵效果方面进行了探讨。研究结果还表明国产FSH超排效果比较稳定。     

香樟试管苗移植技术研究

运用正交试验的方法研究炼苗时间、不同遮阳网遮光率以及不同基质对香樟试管苗移植效果的影响,结果表明:炼苗时间7 d,遮阳网遮光率60%,基质为木屑∶泥炭土(1∶1)对于香樟试管苗移植效果最佳。     

牛胚胎移植试验研究

本研究应用国产激素和器械对奶牛进行超数排卵，采用胚胎移植技术使黄牛繁殖奶牛。５ａ共超排供体牛１８５头，成功１５９头，成功率为８１．９５％；共获卵１２０１枚，头均７．５５±６．３７枚，其中可用胚胎８８０枚，头均５．６８±４．９６枚。同期发情处理受体牛２３６头，发情１３９头，发情率５８．９０％；鲜胚移植受体牛１７８头，受胎７８头，受胎率为４３，８２％，其中移植受体黄牛１４５头，受胎６１头，受胎率４２．０７％，移植受体奶牛３３头，受胎１７头，受胎率为５１．５２％；冷冻胚胎移植受体牛６１头，受胎２７头，受胎率为３７．７０％；５３胚胎移植产犊８５头。确立了应用国产激素垂体促卵泡素（ＦＳＨ）和前列腺素（ＰＧＧ＿（２２））诱发牛超数排卵和发情同期化处理的最佳程序和剂量，并总结出了采卵方法、胚胎鉴定、胚胎冷冻保存和移植等相应环节的技术规程。     

新鲜羊膜移植术治疗眼表烧伤晚期并发症的临床研究

目的：研究新鲜羊膜移植术治疗眼表烧伤晚期并发症的可行性、手术方法和临床效果。方法：眼表烧伤晚期病例18例(18眼)，其中角膜血管翳8例，角膜溃疡7例，睑球粘连3例，采用新鲜羊膜移植治疗。手术方法：单层与多层羊膜移植或联合眼睑成形，角膜缘干细胞移植术。术后随访6～12个月。结果：18例术后植片均未见急性排斥反应，术后4～6周稳定愈合；13眼视力有不同程度提高。18眼中有17眼治愈。结论：新鲜羊膜是治疗眼表烧伤晚期并发症的有效方法。