新疆主要小麦生态区有害生物发生及其综合防治技术体系构建

通过对伊犁河谷、喀什、和田等地(州)主要小麦生态区小麦有害生物的调查,明确了新疆主要小麦生态区主要有害生物种类及发生趋势,在试验和研究的基础上,筛选出多种高效、低毒的与环境相容的新型农药,组建了伊犁河谷冬小麦条锈病发生的中长期预测模型,在和田等地初步建立了小麦重大有害生物预警平台,针对不同小麦生态区重大病虫发生与危害的特点,在原有技术的基础上,通过试验和示范,构建了更为完善、科学、可操作性强且适宜当地生产实际的小麦重大有害生物防治技术体系,在生产上应用取得了显著的经济、社会和生态效益.     

凹凸棒石在饲料中的应用研究进展

简述凹土的基本特性及在饲料生产中的应用情况,从改善机体性能、提高免疫力、降低有害物质毒性、减少重金属沉积、改善饲料品质等方面,详细介绍凹土在饲料中的主要作用,展望其在饲料中的应用前景。     

初烤烟叶有机酸对主流烟气有害成分释放量的影响

为了降低卷烟危害性,全面系统地阐述初烤烟叶中化学成分对卷烟主流烟气有害成分释放量的影响,以2014年浓香型主产区烤烟样品为试验材料,采用因子分析和灰色关联法对初烤烟叶有机酸对主流烟气中有害成分释放量的影响进行研究。结果表明:因子分析共提取出草酸、富马酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、丙二酸、棕榈酸、油酸、十八酸8种代表性有机酸。灰色关联度分析显示草酸、丙二酸、富马酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸5种非挥发性有机酸对烟气7种有害成分(CO、HCN、NNK、NH3、B[a]P、苯酚和巴豆醛)及焦油释放量和卷烟危害性指数的关联度均较高,尤其是草酸对烟气有害成分的危害性指数有较高的关联度;而棕榈酸、油酸、十八酸等高级脂肪酸对烟气7种有害成分及焦油释放量和卷烟危害性指数的关联度相对较低。总体来说,初烤烟叶中有机酸成分中非挥发性有机酸对卷烟主流烟气有害成分的产生有较大影响,而高级脂肪酸对其影响相对较小。     

潮汕空港口岸入境人员携带植物及其产品疫情分析及对策

本文通过对2011~2015年潮汕机场口岸截获的入境人员禁止携带物情况进行分析,发现潮汕机场口岸有害生物检出种类呈增长态势,有害生物种类以昆虫类最多,热带水果最易检出有害生物,有害生物检出具有季节性效应,检疫性有害生物检出率高且危害大。针对潮汕机场口岸入境旅客携带植物及其产品类有害生物检出特点,结合实际情况,对入境旅客携带物检验检疫提出相关对策措施。     

Cloning and Characterization of Glutamate Receptors in Californian Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus)

Domoic acid produced by marine algae has been shown to cause acute and chronic neurologic sequelae in Californian sea lions following acute or low-dose exposure. Histological findings in affected animals included a degenerative cardiomyopathy that was hypothesized to be caused by over-excitation of the glutamate receptors (GluRs) speculated to be present in the sea lion heart. Thus tissues from five sea lions without lesions associated with domoic acid toxicity and one animal with domoic acid-induced chronic neurologic sequelae and degenerative cardiomyopathy were examined for the presence of GluRs. Immunohistochemistry localized mGluR 2/3, mGluR 5, GluR 2/3 and NMDAR 1 in structures of the conducting system and blood vessels. NMDAR 1 and GluR 2/3 were the most widespread as immunoreactivity was observed within sea lion conducting system structures. PCR analysis, cloning and subsequent sequencing of the seal lion GluRs showed only 80% homology to those from rats, but more than 95% homologous to those from dogs. The cellular distribution and expression of subtypes of GluRs in the sea lion hearts suggests that exposure to domoic acid may induce cardiac damage and functional disturbances.     

How to increase productivity of the copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana): effects of population density and food concentration

In this study, we analysed the effect of population density and food concentration on the fecundity of a Mediterranean strain of Acartia tonsa to maximize egg production. During 4‐day feeding experiments, egg hatching success and faecal pellet production were also followed. The algae Rhinomonas reticulata was supplied at different concentrations corresponding to 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 3000 μg C L^?1 day^?1 at the following adult copepod density: 40, 80 and 160 ind. L^?1. Our results show a positive relationship between algal concentration and egg production under all experimental conditions confirming that the quantity of food strongly limits A. tonsa fecundity. Maximum egg production (57 eggs per female) was reached at the lowest density and at the maximum food concentration. Percentage of egg hatching success was not dependent on the quantity of food used. At the same food concentration, an increase in population density from 40 to 80 ind. L^?1 induced an increase in faecal pellet production per couple which did not correspond to an increase in egg production, suggesting that higher energetic costs were shifted to swimming activity. Productivity of the A. tonsa Mediterranean strain is mainly limited by the quantity of food rather than by crowding conditions.     

农药乳油中有害溶剂检测与方法优化

为了提高生产质控效率,建立并优化了两种农药乳油中甲醇、苯、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙苯、二甲苯和萘7种有害溶剂含量的气相色谱分析方法。以正癸烷为内标,采用Agilent DB-5毛细管柱和SE-54毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)测定。结果表明:以Agilent DB-5毛细管柱和SE-54毛细管柱的检测方法分别在4.7~14.1mg/L和3.07~47.26mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均0.998,检测周期分别为19.25min和14.5min,相对标准偏差(RSD)均1.19%,这7种有害溶剂的回收率在90.19%~97.37%之间。这两种方法简单快速准确,可为农药乳油生产中7种有害溶剂的检测提供参考。     

泡椒制品发酵安全性评价研究

采用4-L6双发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bifermentans)、4-L10食果糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fructivorans)、5-L1食品乳杆菌(Lactobacillus alimentarius)、2-L7发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)4种乳酸菌,按...     

黑龙江省西部草地蝗虫主要种类及综合治理研究

本项研究的目的在于确定危害黑龙江省西部草地的蝗虫优势种及其防治方法。经过调查研究确定危害黑龙江省西部草原的草地蝗虫其常见种类大约有17种,优势种主要有8种。这些优势种在不同的植被条件下发生的数量有所不同,发生的时间早晚有所不同。草地蝗虫的最佳防治适期为3龄前,当种群密度较大时,应及时采用化学防治压低虫口密度;当种群密度一般或较小时可采用生物防治,防治措施以生物防治为主,以化学防治为辅,生物防治与化学防治并举,达到最终防治蝗虫的目的。     

Phlorotannin and Pigment Content of Native Canopy-Forming Sargassaceae Species Living in Intertidal Rockpools in Brittany (France): Any Relationship with Their Vertical Distribution and Phenology?

Five native Sargassaceae species from Brittany (France) living in rockpools were surveyed over time to investigate photoprotective strategies according to their tidal position. We gave evidences for the existence of a species distribution between pools along the shore, with the most dense and smallest individuals in the highest pools. Pigment contents were higher in lower pools, suggesting a photo-adaptive process by which the decreasing light irradiance toward the low shore was compensated by a high production of pigments to ensure efficient photosynthesis. Conversely, no xanthophyll cycle-related photoprotective mechanism was highlighted because high levels of zeaxanthin rarely occurred in the upper shore. Phlorotannins were not involved in photoprotection either; only some lower-shore species exhibited a seasonal trend in phlorotannin levels. The structural complexity of phlorotannins appears more to be a taxonomic than an ecological feature: Ericaria produced simple phloroglucinol while Cystoseira and Gongolaria species exhibited polymers. Consequently, tide pools could be considered as light-protected areas on the intertidal zone, in comparison with the exposed emerged substrata where photoprotective mechanisms are essential.