刚察县退耕还林(草)地鼠害防治

分析了刚察县退耕还林地根田鼠发生危害的现状和原因,并进行了施用2种毒饵对退耕地根田鼠的防治试验,结果表明,这两种灭鼠药都很有效,今后的研究重点在于把鼠害控制在阈值之内。     

新疆主要小麦生态区有害生物发生及其综合防治技术体系构建

通过对伊犁河谷、喀什、和田等地(州)主要小麦生态区小麦有害生物的调查,明确了新疆主要小麦生态区主要有害生物种类及发生趋势,在试验和研究的基础上,筛选出多种高效、低毒的与环境相容的新型农药,组建了伊犁河谷冬小麦条锈病发生的中长期预测模型,在和田等地初步建立了小麦重大有害生物预警平台,针对不同小麦生态区重大病虫发生与危害的特点,在原有技术的基础上,通过试验和示范,构建了更为完善、科学、可操作性强且适宜当地生产实际的小麦重大有害生物防治技术体系,在生产上应用取得了显著的经济、社会和生态效益.     

永安市稻曲病的发生危害及防治对策

近年来,稻曲病在永安市普遍发生,并有逐年加重的趋势。通过分析近几年来永安市水稻稻曲病的主要危害症状及发病原因,提出防治对策。     

凹凸棒石在饲料中的应用研究进展

简述凹土的基本特性及在饲料生产中的应用情况,从改善机体性能、提高免疫力、降低有害物质毒性、减少重金属沉积、改善饲料品质等方面,详细介绍凹土在饲料中的主要作用,展望其在饲料中的应用前景。     

月季黑斑病发生和危害及抗性育种的研究进展

月季黑斑病是由蔷薇双壳菌及细极链格孢侵染引发的一类严重影响月季观赏价值和生物产量的病害。综述了月季黑斑病的发生与危害及抗性育种的研究进展。     

初烤烟叶有机酸对主流烟气有害成分释放量的影响

为了降低卷烟危害性,全面系统地阐述初烤烟叶中化学成分对卷烟主流烟气有害成分释放量的影响,以2014年浓香型主产区烤烟样品为试验材料,采用因子分析和灰色关联法对初烤烟叶有机酸对主流烟气中有害成分释放量的影响进行研究。结果表明:因子分析共提取出草酸、富马酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、丙二酸、棕榈酸、油酸、十八酸8种代表性有机酸。灰色关联度分析显示草酸、丙二酸、富马酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸5种非挥发性有机酸对烟气7种有害成分(CO、HCN、NNK、NH3、B[a]P、苯酚和巴豆醛)及焦油释放量和卷烟危害性指数的关联度均较高,尤其是草酸对烟气有害成分的危害性指数有较高的关联度;而棕榈酸、油酸、十八酸等高级脂肪酸对烟气7种有害成分及焦油释放量和卷烟危害性指数的关联度相对较低。总体来说,初烤烟叶中有机酸成分中非挥发性有机酸对卷烟主流烟气有害成分的产生有较大影响,而高级脂肪酸对其影响相对较小。     

潮汕空港口岸入境人员携带植物及其产品疫情分析及对策

本文通过对2011~2015年潮汕机场口岸截获的入境人员禁止携带物情况进行分析,发现潮汕机场口岸有害生物检出种类呈增长态势,有害生物种类以昆虫类最多,热带水果最易检出有害生物,有害生物检出具有季节性效应,检疫性有害生物检出率高且危害大。针对潮汕机场口岸入境旅客携带植物及其产品类有害生物检出特点,结合实际情况,对入境旅客携带物检验检疫提出相关对策措施。     

Cloning and Characterization of Glutamate Receptors in Californian Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus)

Domoic acid produced by marine algae has been shown to cause acute and chronic neurologic sequelae in Californian sea lions following acute or low-dose exposure. Histological findings in affected animals included a degenerative cardiomyopathy that was hypothesized to be caused by over-excitation of the glutamate receptors (GluRs) speculated to be present in the sea lion heart. Thus tissues from five sea lions without lesions associated with domoic acid toxicity and one animal with domoic acid-induced chronic neurologic sequelae and degenerative cardiomyopathy were examined for the presence of GluRs. Immunohistochemistry localized mGluR 2/3, mGluR 5, GluR 2/3 and NMDAR 1 in structures of the conducting system and blood vessels. NMDAR 1 and GluR 2/3 were the most widespread as immunoreactivity was observed within sea lion conducting system structures. PCR analysis, cloning and subsequent sequencing of the seal lion GluRs showed only 80% homology to those from rats, but more than 95% homologous to those from dogs. The cellular distribution and expression of subtypes of GluRs in the sea lion hearts suggests that exposure to domoic acid may induce cardiac damage and functional disturbances.     

上海市外环绿地闵行段土壤动物和土壤有害动物的群落特征

为了解上海市外环绿地（闵行段）土壤动物和土壤有害动物群落结构特征及其与理化因子的关系,于2009年7月对闵行段外环线内外两侧的2样带中6样地土壤动物进行了调查。共获凋落物层和真土层土壤动物共5 120只,隶属于6门12纲20目,共38个类群。优势类群为线虫纲,其中凋落物层优势类群为蜱螨目和长角虫兆科,真土层为线虫纲。栾树群落的密度-类群指数、均匀度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数在6样地中最高,外环线内侧杉树群落的丰富度指数和优势度指数最高。土壤有害动物密度在样地外环线内侧的樟树群落中最高,总密度与有机质呈显著正相关。     

How to increase productivity of the copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana): effects of population density and food concentration

In this study, we analysed the effect of population density and food concentration on the fecundity of a Mediterranean strain of Acartia tonsa to maximize egg production. During 4‐day feeding experiments, egg hatching success and faecal pellet production were also followed. The algae Rhinomonas reticulata was supplied at different concentrations corresponding to 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 3000 μg C L^?1 day^?1 at the following adult copepod density: 40, 80 and 160 ind. L^?1. Our results show a positive relationship between algal concentration and egg production under all experimental conditions confirming that the quantity of food strongly limits A. tonsa fecundity. Maximum egg production (57 eggs per female) was reached at the lowest density and at the maximum food concentration. Percentage of egg hatching success was not dependent on the quantity of food used. At the same food concentration, an increase in population density from 40 to 80 ind. L^?1 induced an increase in faecal pellet production per couple which did not correspond to an increase in egg production, suggesting that higher energetic costs were shifted to swimming activity. Productivity of the A. tonsa Mediterranean strain is mainly limited by the quantity of food rather than by crowding conditions.