彩色马蹄莲生产管理技术

介绍了彩色马蹄莲的生态习性及在黑龙江省的生产现状,并结合实际需要,阐述了彩色马蹄莲的快繁方法和栽培管理技术,分析了彩色马蹄莲的发展前景。     

暹罗斗鱼的品系与色彩

对暹罗斗鱼(Betta splendens)的生活习性、形态特征及分类地位等进行简要概述,并对经过了100多年人工改良所产生的暹罗斗鱼不同品系进行了详细介绍。根据用途可把暹罗斗鱼分为两大类:观赏型和搏击型斗鱼,其中观赏型斗鱼7种;根据鳞片的色层叠加顺序,暹罗斗鱼的颜色分为彩虹层颜色、金属层颜色和拓展层颜色,其中彩虹层颜色约15种,金属层颜色约7种,现阶段拓展层的终极表现形式为风靡的龙鳞;根据鳍膜的变化,又有蝶翼色和芥子色之分;根据鳞片的覆盖方式,定义了面具和黑头。详细了解暹罗斗鱼的品种分类特征,对于维持其品系的稳定性研究及其品种改良具有深远的意义。     

金银花开花与繁育特性研究

通过田间观察和人工授粉等方法,对金银花的开花生物学和繁育特性进行了研究。结果表明,金银花盛花期在5月中旬至8月中旬。金银花花序为总状花序,开花顺序自下而上,多数花在8∶00～12∶00开放,开花时花药随之开裂,花冠颜色由绿色逐渐变为白色,枯萎时变为金黄色。单花期约15 d,花粉寿命为3 d,活力最大时达到72.5%。柱头在开花当天具有较大可授性。金银花花粉与柱头的有效可遇期为2 d,可同花自交。综合花粉/胚珠比、OCI值、人工授粉判断金银花属于兼性异交型。本试验还对金银花育种中适宜采用的杂交技术及育种途径进行了探讨。     

Interannual and interdecadal variability in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) diets in relation to environmental changes in the northern California Current

The feeding habits of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in the northern California Current were examined using samples from two different time periods (1980–85 and 1998–2003) of highly contrasting oceanographic conditions. The goal was to test the influence of interannual and interdecadal changes in taxonomic composition of prey, feeding intensity, and size spectra of teleost prey. Analyses were done for samples taken both early in the summer (June) shortly after the salmon enter the ocean, and also in late summer (September) following some ocean residency. Fish prey dominated coho salmon diets by weight during most years, but this trend was more pronounced during the 1980–85 sampling period. In terms of numerical composition, the diets were more variable on an interannual basis, but decapod larvae and euphausiids were important prey in most years. Pteropods and copepods were important prey during weak upwelling or El Niño years, whereas euphausiids were important during strong upwelling or otherwise highly productive years. Hyperiid amphipods comprised a substantial proportion of the diets only in 2000. Coho salmon showed highly significant differences in prey composition among years or between decades both in weight and numerical composition. The percentage of empty stomachs was highly variable by year in both June and September, but was significantly different only for September between decades. In contrast, an index of feeding intensity did not show many significant changes in either comparison. However, the relative size ratios for fish prey consumed were highly variable by year, and larger than average fish prey were consumed during 1998, leading to the highest feeding intensity observed.     

广东南岭国家自然保护区大东山捕食性昆虫及其食性分析

本文报道了广东省国家自然保护区大东山捕食性昆虫（含蜘蛛）的种类与食性。全文主要内容分为两部分：捕食性昆虫各类和捕食性昆虫食性分析。食性分析包括捕食性昆虫栖息习性和各目捕食性昆虫的捕食能力。     

滆湖鲢和鳙肠道生长格局研究

肠道形态种间差异是动物对食物质量的长期进化响应,本文研究了滆湖鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)鳙(Aristichthysnobilis)肠长(GL)和肠重(GM)两种肠道形态参数的生长格局,并探讨了它们对鲢鳙食性差异的指示作用。结果表明,滆湖鲢、鳙GL相对身体大小(体长BL和体重BM)、GM相对GL、肠道内含物重(GCM)相对BM均呈正异速生长或增加,鲢鳙GM相对BM分别呈等速和负异速生长。相对肠长(RGL)、ZI指数、相对肠道内含物重指数(RGCM)鲢显著大于鳙,GM/GL比值正好相反,相对肠重(RGM)鲢鳙间无显著差异。根据文献对比及RGL与营养级的经验公式,鲢鳙均为偏浮游植物杂食性鱼类,这与鳙为偏浮游动物食性鱼类的普遍认识不太一致,说明国内需要更多的研究以增加RGL对鱼类食性的指示作用。与鳙相比,鲢从更多且质量较低的食物中满足营养和能量需求的主要机制是增加肠道长度而不是分配更多组织给肠道。肠长能而肠重不能识别体型相似的2个近缘物种(鲢鳙)的食性差异。     

梁子湖麦穗鱼食性的研究

用4种指标分析了梁子湖麦穗鱼的食性。结果表明。藻类的出现率(97．06％)、个体数百分比(99．9l％)和相对重要性指数(0．98)均最大。而底栖动物的重量百分比(98．53％)最大。表明麦穗鱼以底栖动物为主要食物,同时摄食大量的藻类。该鱼常年摄食,且摄食强度表现出一定的季节性变化,1～3、9月的摄食强度较高。而7月较低,可能是由于被动性采样所致。     

Value-added sampling for fishery independent surveys: Don’t stop after you’re done counting and measuring

Most fishery independent surveys count, weigh, and measure the majority of species caught. Many surveys also collect selected body structures for in-lab age determinations for selected species. We provide examples from the Northeast Fisheries Science Center's (NEFSC) bottom trawl survey that detail the development of at-sea sampling to elucidate age, growth, maturity, fecundity, spawning season, stomach contents, diet composition, condition, habitat types and prey preferences, basic oceanography (or limnology), and bioenergetics for a suite of diverse species. We show how the development of new methodologies and technologies has decreased both deck-time and time in the lab for processing many of the samples required to provide information on the topics listed above. As new technologies develop to make our trawl catch processing more efficient, we assert that we can notably increase the amount of information collected from trawl surveys with little additional effort. We show that with marginally additional catch processing time on the deck, at-sea sampling can provide a significant return on the knowledge of aquatic and marine resource species, non-resource species, habitats, food webs, and the ecosystems within which they occur. As observing systems continue to expand their remit to provide ecosystem management advice, the need for increased efficiencies on fisheries surveys will remain.     

椰心叶甲生活习性初探

椰心叶甲是我国林业检疫性有害生物之一，其幼虫和成虫隐藏于棕榈科植物未展开的新叶或狭窄的夹缝中危害，危害部分仅仅限于最幼嫩的心叶部分，叶展开后才离去，严重时可使植株死亡。文章对该虫各个虫态的形态特征进行了描述，并对其生活习性进行了初步的研究，为其防治提供理论依据。     

荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫羽化和交尾习性及性信息素释放节律的研究

【目的】研究荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫羽化和交尾规律及性信息素释放节律,为开展荔枝蒂蛀虫化学生态防治奠定基础。【方法】在室内温度(26±1)℃、相对湿度(80±5)%和光照周期14L∶10D条件下,观察荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫的羽化和交尾习性;采用正己烷浸提雌蛾性腺获得粗提物,用触角电位仪测定雌蛾性信息素的释放节律,用Y型嗅觉仪测定雄蛾对雌蛾性腺粗提物的选择趋性反应。【结果】荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫羽化高峰期在化蛹后7~8d;3日龄成虫交尾最为活跃,交尾高峰期在22:00-01:00;3日龄雄蛾对3日龄处女雌蛾性腺粗提物的触角电位反应较强,尤其对22:30-00:30雌蛾性腺的粗提物反应最强,说明22:30-00:30是荔枝蒂蛀虫性信息素释放的高峰期。荔枝蒂蛀虫3日龄雄蛾对3日龄雌蛾22:30-00:30性腺粗提物具有明显的选择趋性。【结论】荔枝蒂蛀虫交尾与性信息素释放存在一定的时辰节律。