Characterization of an Unknown Region Linked to the Glycoside Hydrolase Family 17 β-1,3-Glucanase of Vibrio vulnificus Reveals a Novel Glucan-Binding Domain

The glycoside hydrolase family 17 β-1,3-glucanase of Vibrio vulnificus (VvGH17) has two unknown regions in the N- and C-termini. Here, we characterized these domains by preparing mutant enzymes. VvGH17 demonstrated hydrolytic activity of β-(1→3)-glucan, mainly producing laminaribiose, but not of β-(1→3)/β-(1→4)-glucan. The C-terminal-truncated mutants (ΔC466 and ΔC441) showed decreased activity, approximately one-third of that of the WT, and ΔC415 lost almost all activity. An analysis using affinity gel containing laminarin or barley β-glucan revealed a shift in the mobility of the ΔC466, ΔC441, and ΔC415 mutants compared to the WT. Tryptophan residues showed a strong affinity for carbohydrates. Three of four point-mutations of the tryptophan in the C-terminus (W472A, W499A, and W542A) showed a reduction in binding ability to laminarin and barley β-glucan. The C-terminus was predicted to have a β-sandwich structure, and three tryptophan residues (Trp472, Trp499, and Trp542) constituted a putative substrate-binding cave. Linker and substrate-binding functions were assigned to the C-terminus. The N-terminal-truncated mutants also showed decreased activity. The WT formed a trimer, while the N-terminal truncations formed monomers, indicating that the N-terminus contributed to the multimeric form of VvGH17. The results of this study are useful for understanding the structure and the function of GH17 β-1,3-glucanases.     

库拉索芦荟施肥模型的建立与解析

在云南元江干热河谷气候条件下,采用二次正交旋转组合设计田间小区试验,建立了回归方程并分析了N、P、K、有机肥对库拉索芦荟鲜叶产量、芦荟甙含量和芦荟甙产量的影响。结果表明:P、K肥对提高库拉索芦荟甙含量和芦荟甙产量有显著效果,以K肥的影响最为显著,N肥和有机肥的影响不明显;N、P、K肥施用量与芦荟鲜叶产量的关系符合米氏曲线,有机肥对芦荟鲜叶产量的影响不显著。芦荟鲜叶产量最高时的施肥量为N198kghm-2、P2O5198kghm-2、K2O264kghm-2、鸡粪4125kghm-2。芦荟甙含量和芦荟甙产量最高时的施肥量为N396kghm-2、P2O5396kghm-2、K2O528kghm-2、鸡粪20625kghm-2。     

一个棉花β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因全长cDNA的克隆与特征分析

利用本实验室分离的防卫基因类似物片段,通过5’和3’RACE,从海岛棉海7124中克隆了一个β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因全长cDNA,命名为GbGLU。其全长1 266 bp,含一个编码361个氨基酸残基的开放阅读框。该基因编码产物理论分子量和等电点为MW = 39.66 kD,pI = 9.15,含有糖基水解酶家族17的保守结构域,N端有26个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽。Southern结果显示,GbGLU在棉花基因组中以单拷贝形式存在,研究发现,GbGLU的表达受黄萎病菌的诱导。聚类分析表明,棉花葡聚糖酶基因可分为3类,分别含有糖基水解酶家族3、9、17的保守结构域。无论棉花中的还是本研究中参考的其他作物中,受病菌诱导的葡聚糖酶基因都含有糖基水解酶家族17的保守结构域,故推断其为此类基因参与抗病反应的功能域。     

New Antioxidative Secondary Metabolites from the Fruits of a Beibu Gulf Mangrove,Avicennia marina

Further chemical investigation of the fruits of the mangrove, Avicennia marina, afforded three new phenylethyl glycosides, marinoids J–L (1–3), and a new cinnamoyl glycoside, marinoid M (4). The structures of isolates were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of the data with those of related secondary metabolites. The antioxidant activity of the isolates was evaluated using the cellular antioxidant assay (CAA), and compounds 1–4 showed antioxidant activities, with EC₅₀ values ranging from 23.0 ± 0.71 μM to 247.8 ± 2.47 μM.     

复方糖苷抗新城疫病毒感染作用

采用2种方法研究了复方糖苷抗新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease Virus,NDV)感染作用。一是鸡胚成纤维细胞(Chicken embryo fibroblast,CEF)培养法,通过观察NDV CPE的形成及测定CEF OD值的变化,计算病毒抑制率等指标,综合评价复方糖苷在细胞水平上抗NDV作用,并从直接灭活病毒、阻断病毒吸附与生物合成及释放等环节,探讨了复方糖苷的抗NDV途径。二是将复方糖苷稀释成1 200,1 000,800,600,300μg/m L 5种浓度与100 EID50 NDV液混合后接种9日龄SPF鸡胚,于72 h后统计鸡胚的存活数并测定尿囊液血凝效价(HA),依此判定复方糖苷在鸡胚内抗NDV作用。结果表明:随着药物浓度的增加CPE的特征逐渐减弱,OD值明显升高,病毒抑制率增大,当复方糖苷质量浓度为600μg/m L时对NDV具有显著的直接杀灭与阻断吸附作用。HA在1 200,1 000μg/m L时均为0。表明复方糖苷具有显著的抗NDV感染作用。     

A new iridoid glycoside from Linaria genestifolia

A new iridoid glycoside named genestifolioside (1) was isolated from the ethanol extract of Linaria genestifolia. Its structure was defined by spectral analysis.     

应用TLC-CMS-IR技术检测北芪菇中黄芪甲苷

以乙醇水溶液为提取剂,从北芪菇中提取黄芪甲苷,薄层层析(TLC)分离和制备黄芪甲苷;通过对比质荷比(m/z)和官能团等对黄芪甲苷进行表征与分析。结果表明,乙醇-水=7∶3(V/V)作为提取剂,微波超声波处理后,多级萃取后得到正丁醇相;氯仿∶甲醇∶乙酸乙酯∶水=13∶7∶2∶2(V/V)展开后,经显色获得的色谱斑点与黄芪甲苷标准品斑点位置比对一致,Rf值为0.31;黄芪甲苷样品和标准品质谱波谱图和红外波谱图确定提取物为黄芪甲苷。样品中黄芪甲苷的熔点是295℃;旋光度是+56.4;比旋光度是+24.4。结果表明,TLC-MS-IR联用是一种具有独特优势的色谱波谱技术,能实现从微克量级的分离分析到克量级的分离制备,可用于天然产物粗提物的去除杂质和单个产物的精制,适用于从北芪菇中进行物质的制备分离。     

Phenylpropanoid glycosides and triterpenoid of Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim

Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim. led to the isolation of one new triterpenoid and two new phenylpropanoid glycosides, along with ten known compounds. Their structures were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR, as well as other spectrum analysis. Biological evaluation of the three new compounds against Hela cell and Hep-6 cell with MIC values ranging from 9 to 20 μg/ml.     

Citrus Flavonoids in Fruit and Traditional Chinese Medicinal Food Ingredients in China

Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China.     

Synthesis of isoacteoside, a dihydroxyphenylethyl glycoside

The total chemical synthesis of isoacteoside (1), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 6-O-caffeoyl-3-O-(-l-rhamnopyranosyl)--d-glucopyranoside, is described. An acteoside acetate with benzyl groups at the catechols (3: 2-(3,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl)ethyl 2,6-di-O-acetyl-4-O-[3,4-bis(O-benzyl)caffeoyl]-3-O-(-l-rhamnopyranosyl)--d-glucopyranoside) was treated with a solution of methy-lamine in methanol (MeNH₂ in MeOH) to perform both deacetylation and caffeoyl migration, affording an isoacteoside derivative with benzyl groups at the catechols4b: 2-(3,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl)ethyl 6-O-[3,4-bis(O-benzyl) caffeoyl] -3-O-(-l-rhamnopyranosyl)--d-glucopyranoside —in 34% yield. Debenzylation of4b was successfully accomplished by catalytic transfer hydrogenation using 1,4-cyclohexadiene to give the target compound isoacteoside (1) in 54% yield.¹H and¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data of the synthesized isoacteoside (1) were identical with those of the natural isoacteoside isolated fromPaulownia tomentosa (Thumb.) Steud.Part of this research was presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001