Hyperspectral species mapping for automatic weed control in tomato under thermal environmental stress

This work studied the impacts of variations in environmental temperature on hyperspectral imaging features in the visible and near infrared regions for robust species identification for weed mapping in tomato production. Six major Californian processing tomato cultivars, black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) were grown under a variety of diurnal temperature ranges simulating conditions common in the Californian springtime planting period and one additional treatment simulating greenhouse growing conditions. The principal change in canopy reflectance with varying temperature occurred in the 480-670 and 720-810 nm regions. The overall classification rate ranged from 62.5% to 91.6% when classifiers trained under single temperatures were applied to plants grown at different temperatures. Eliminating the 480-670 nm region from the classifier’s feature set mitigated the temperature effect by stabilizing the total crop vs. weed classification rate at 86.4% over the temperature ranges. A site-specific recalibration method was also successful in alleviating the bias created by calibrating the models on the extreme temperatures and increased the classification accuracy to 90.3%. A global calibration method, incorporating all four temperature conditions in the classifier feature space, provided the best average total classification accuracy of 92.2% out of the methods studied, and was fairly robust to the varying diurnal temperature conditions.     

尤文氏肉瘤的影像学诊断

目的总结尤文氏肉瘤的影像学特点。方法分析9例经病理证实的尤文氏肉瘤的X线、CT和MRI表现。结果发病年龄均在30岁以下,发生在长骨者4例、骨盆3例、扁骨2例。影像学表现为不同程度的溶骨性骨质破坏,伴层状或针状骨膜反应,3例骨膜破坏形成Codman三角,病灶内可见坏死骨或钙化,邻近软组织肿块形成。结论尤文氏肉瘤的诊断需结合X线、CT和MRI检查进行综合分析。     

双亲灭活原生质体融合技术在草菇耐低温菌株选育上的应用

为了选育耐低温草菇菌株,以草菇V23、V3552为亲本,采用酶解法制备原生质体,用紫外诱变、化学诱变两种方法对草菇菌株进行诱变,筛选到耐低温的突变株;然后利用紫外灭活（20 W,30 cm,110 s）和热灭活（50℃ 3 min）的双亲灭活标记法对突变株进行化学融合,结果表明在400 g/L的PEG6000、pH 8.0、融合时间30 min和融合温度32℃的条件下融合率最高,达到0.517%, 共获得200个融合子。经过0℃低温筛选,最终获得15株草菇耐低温菌株,菌丝在0℃的耐冻能力提高了4.5倍。经出菇实验证明其子实体与出发菌株相比具有明显的耐低温性,液化现象明显推迟,说明该方法筛选出的菌株具有进一步应用开发的价值。     

高光谱技术在常规水稻种子活力检测中的应用

[目的]实现常规水稻种子活力的快速自动化检测。[方法]采用高光谱成像技术(波长范围874~1 734 nm),提取甬籼69和中早39 2种常规水稻种子未老化、老化48 h和老化72 h的光谱反射率,在提取样本光谱时采用小波变换(WT)剔除像素点光谱噪声部分,并基于全波段光谱建立了支持向量机(SVM)判别分析模型。[结果]未老化种子与老化种子可以准确识别,而老化48 h种子与老化72 h种子之间无法准确识别,与基于种子活力参数的测量结果相符,且不同水稻品种对老化的反应存在差异。[结论]高光谱成像技术结合化学计量学方法用于种子活力的快速自动化无损检测是可行的。     

水稻蛋白激酶OsCIPK5的亚细胞定位分析及RNAi转基因水稻的获得

在植物生长发育中,CIPKs(CBL-interacting protein kinases)在胁迫信号转导和增强抗逆途径中发挥着重要作用,而OsCIPK5的具体功能还未知。为了研究OsCIPK5的功能,本研究从日本晴水稻中成功克隆了OsCIPK5基因。用生物信息学方法对其编码的蛋白进行分析,结果表明OsCIPK5含有2个功能区即激酶活性区和NAF区,OsCIPK5与5种植物的CIPK5同源性较高,而与短花药野生稻CIPK5的同源性最高(94%),亲缘关系最近。利用植物生理学方法对水稻进行低钾处理,结果表明水稻根中OsCIPK5受低钾诱导表达,而叶片中OsCIPK5表达量没有变化;同时构建了OsCIPK5与黄色荧光蛋白基因融合的植物瞬时表达载体,共聚焦显微镜观察显示,OsCIPK5编码的蛋白主要定位在细胞核、细胞膜,还以颗粒状结构不规则分布在细胞质中。进一步构建了OsCIPK5的RNAi载体,通过水稻遗传转化体系获得26株阳性转基因水稻。荧光定量PCR(Real-time qPCR)分析表明,T1代转基因水稻中OsCIPK5的表达量与野生型相比显著降低。OsCIPK5的生物信息学分析、植物生理学分析、亚细胞定位以及RNAi转基因水稻的获得为研究OsCIPK5的功能奠定了基础。     

基于高光谱成像技术识别水稻纹枯病

【目的】利用高光谱成像技术对水稻纹枯病进行早期的快速无损识别,结合判别分析方法建立相应的鉴别模型。【方法】以健康和感染纹枯病的水稻幼苗为研究对象,采集叶片和冠层各180个样本的380~1 030 nm波段的360条高光谱图像,剔除明显噪声部分后,以440~943 nm波段作为水稻样本的光谱范围,分别用不同的方法预处理获得水稻叶片的光谱曲线。采用偏最小二乘–判别分析(PLS-DA)对不同预处理的光谱建模。采用MNF算法对冠层的原始光谱数据进行特征信息提取,并基于特征信息建立线性判别分析(LDA)模型和误差反向传播神经网络(BPNN)判别模型。【结果】标准正态变量变换(SNV)预处理后建立的PLS-DA模型的预测集判别正确率最高,为92.1%。基于特征信息的LAD和BPNN模型的判别结果优于基于全波段的PLS-DA判别模型。基于最小噪声分离变换特征信息提取的BPNN模型取得了最优效果,建模集和预测集正确率分别达99.1%和98.4%。【结论】采用高光谱成像技术对水稻纹枯病生理特征进行无损鉴别是可行的,本研究为水稻纹枯病的识别提供了一种新方法。     

IMAGE MAGNIFICATION IN DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY

Image magnification is inherent in radiography. In digital fluoroscopy, the three components of magnification are geometric, electronic and photographic. In this study, the total magnification factor of a digital imaging system was determined by two methods, 1) comparison of measurements of a known object to its image and 2) calculation of geometric, electronic and photographic magnification from the imaging system specifications. Both methods were employed for various focal-film distances, image intensifier tube modes and laser printer formats. Results of these two methods were different due to the detrimental effect of penumbra on image quality with increasing magnification. If a radiographic image is to be used to approximate object size, then a technique should be used that will minimize magnification. In digital fluoroscopy this is achieved with the shortest object-film distance (assuming a fixed focal-object distance), largest image intensifler mode and greatest number of images per sheet of film.     

TWO-DIMENSIONAL COLOR TISSUE DOPPLER IMAGING DETECTS MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION BEFORE OCCURRENCE OF HYPERTROPHY IN A YOUNG MAINE COON CAT

A 20-month-old healthy male Maine Coon cat was referred for a cardiovascular evaluation. Physical examination and electrocardiogram were normal. The end-diastolic subaortic interventricular septal thickness (6 mm; reference range: < or = 6mm) and the mitral flow late diastolic velocity (0.89 m/s; reference range: 0.2-0.8m/s) were within the upper ranges. However, M-mode echocardiography did not reveal any sign of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) identified a marked left ventricular free wall dysfunction characterized by decreased myocardial velocities in early diastole, increased myocardial velocities in late diastole and the presence of postsystolic contractions both at the base and the apex for the longitudinal motion. One year later, the diagnosis of HCM was confirmed by conventional echocardiography and the cat died suddenly 2 months later. This report demonstrates for the first time in spontaneous HCM the sensitivity of TDI for early diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction and suggests that TDI should form part of the screening techniques for early diagnosis of feline HCM.     

小反刍兽疫病毒双抗原夹心时间分辨荧光免疫测定方法的建立

通过优化大肠埃希菌密码子、优化表达条件等方法,在大肠埃希菌表达系统中成功获得了可溶性的N蛋白与NH融合蛋白。进一步基于纯化的可溶性N蛋白与NH融合蛋白建立了小反刍兽疫病毒双抗原夹心时间分辨荧光免疫测定方法。该方法敏感性高,特异性强,能够特异性的检测羊血清中的小反刍兽疫病毒抗体,与其他相关疫病病原无交叉反应;重复性试验组内与组间变异系数均小于10%。对292份临床血清样品进行检测,与法国IDVET竞争ELISA试剂盒比较,阳性样品符合率为92.47%,阴性样品符合率为97.26%,总的符合率为94.86%。该方法与传统的ELISA方法相比,具有敏感性、特异性相当,操作简单、快速,具有较高的推广应用价值。