Effect of Water on the Mechanical Behaviour of Extruded Flat Bread

The effect of water on the mechanical properties of extruded breads was studied, at room temperature. As the moisture content was increased from 6 to 9% moisture, the resistance to fracture (compression tests) or rupture (tensile tests) was improved. Above this moisture range, plasticisation by water was the dominant phenomenon. The brittle to ductile transition was observed to occur within a moisture content range from 9 to 13·7% (w/w). The influence of water on the crispness of extruded bread, evaluated with sensory evaluation, is also described.     

Sanatmetal髓内钉固定治疗尺桡骨多节段骨折12例分析

目的探讨Sanatmetal尺桡骨髓内钉固定治疗前臂尺桡骨多节段骨折的疗效。方法 12例尺桡骨骨折按AO分型:C1.2型3例,C2.2型9例。采用骨折复位,Sanatmetal尺桡骨髓内钉固定。结果术后随访6~36个月,骨折愈合时间12~20周,平均18周。按Anderson评分标准评定优8例,良2例,可2例。结论应用Sanatmetal尺桡骨髓内钉固定治疗尺桡骨多节段骨折疗效良好。     

竹塑复合材料的冲击韧性

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)、竹浆纤维、竹造纸剩余物竹屑、白泥为试验原料,制造竹塑复合材料。采用基本断裂功(EWF)方法对竹屑/HDPE、白泥/竹屑/HDPE和竹浆纤维/竹屑/HDPE3种复合材料的冲击韧性进行了研究,比较了不同质量分数的竹屑、白泥、竹浆纤维对复合材料各性能参数的影响。结果表明:复合材料的比基本断裂功(we)随着竹屑和白泥的增加逐渐下降,随着竹浆纤维的增加显著提高;竹屑和竹浆纤维的质量分数对竹塑复合材料的比非基本断裂功(βwp)影响较小。     

Experimental Study on Flexural Toughness and Fatigue Property of Polypropylene (PP) Fiber Reinforced Cement-stabilized Macadam

By four-point bending test and fatigue test,the authors studied the flexural toughness and fatigue property of semi-rigid base course of cement-stabilized macadam with and without polypropylene(PP) fiber.Some significant data about these two kinds of material have been obtained,such as the load-deflection curves,toughness index according to the standard methods of JCI and ASTM C1018-97,the fatigue lifetime under different stress levels and the fatigue lifetime regression equation.The results show that the reinforcing effect of the PP fiber is remarkable;the bending strength,ultimate deformability,JCI toughness index,ASTM C1018-97 toughness index and fatigue life of cement-stabilized macadam with PP fiber are increased by about 10%,150%,67.7%,36.1%~79.8%,and 126%~352%,respectively,when the volume fraction of PP fiber is only 0.077%.At the same time,the authors revealed the toughness improving mechanism and the anti-fatigue mechanism of the fiber in such material based on the fracture mechanics theory.     

The Distribution of Piezometric Head along Wedge-shaped Fractures

Rock masses have defects,such as joints and fractures, which are the main seepage passages.Joints and fractures often are treated as parallel plates with the seepage state kept steady and the ground stress constant. When changes take place in joints and fractures as a result of stress changes induced by excavation,joints or fractures may be wedge-shaped,and the distribution of piezometric head along the fracture will be nonlinear.A distribution function of piezometric head is suggested and compared with the results of previous research.The influence of this function on the calculation of the slope safety factor is investigated.The study shows that this function is reasonable.     

骨折对大鼠凝血指标的影响

Wistar大鼠160只,随机分为8组,正常对照组、6h组、12h组、24 h组、3d组、5d组、7d组、14d组,每组各20只,除对照组外其他各组大鼠均手术使其一侧后肢股骨粉碎性骨折,各时段组大鼠采血测凝血指标:凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血活酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FBG)后取患肢血管做病理学检查.两项检查结果表明,大鼠粉碎性骨折后,12 h至3d内的时间段是肢体深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的关键期,此后进入静脉血栓脱落导致肺栓塞的危险期,在骨折前或骨折后的前3d采取积极措施预防DVT可取得较理想的效果.动态监测创伤骨折大鼠凝血指标的变化,对早期预防创伤后深静脉血栓形成具有诊断价值.     

MRI has limited agreement with CT in the evaluation of vertebral fractures of the canine trauma patient

Complete assessment of vertebral trauma in dogs currently requires CT and MRI for evaluation of the osseous and soft tissue structures that contribute to vertebral stability. Some studies in people have suggested that MRI may be sensitive and specific at detecting vertebral fractures making this potentially a single modality that could be used in spinal trauma evaluation. This study aimed to assess the ability for observers to evaluate vertebral fractures using MRI when compared to CT, which was used as the reference standard. Twenty‐nine dogs with previously diagnosed acute vertebral fractures and four dogs with no vertebral fracture that had undergone sequential CT and MRI were included into the study. One hundred twenty‐eight vertebrae were evaluated for the presence of fractures. Imaging studies were read by two observers blinded to the history. While both observers had similarly high sensitivity and specificity for simple detection of any fractured vertebrae, interobserver agreement was only moderate (κ = 0.584). When evaluations were specifically limited to detection of structurally unstable fractured vertebrae both observers showed improved specificity and interobserver agreement became substantial (κ = 0.650). Complete agreement for exact fracture location between MRI and CT results was only achieved in 14.3‐32.6% of fractured vertebra with up to 79% of fractures being missed in some vertebral structures. This suggests that although MRI may be able to detect the presence of fractured vertebrae, it is not able to replace CT for the complete evaluation of the traumatized spine and documentation of fracture morphology.     

The use of small (2.7 mm) screws for arthroscopically guided repair of carpal chip fractures

Reasons for performing the study: Removal of large chip fractures of the carpal bones and the osteochondral deficits that result, have been associated with a worse prognosis than removal of small fragments in similar locations. Hypothesis: Reducing the articular defects by repair of large osteochondral fragments may have advantages over removal. Methods: Horses with osteochondral chip fractures that were of sufficient size and infrastructure to be repaired with small (2.7 mm diameter) AO/ASIF cortex screws were identified and repair effected by arthroscopically guided internal fixation. Results: Thirty‐three horses underwent surgery to repair 35 fractures of the dorsodistal radial carpal bone (n = 25), the dorsal margin of the radial facet of the third carpal bone (n = 9) and the intermediate facet of the distal radius (n = 1). There were no surgical complications and fractures healed satisfactorily in 26 of 28 horses and 23 horses returned to racing performance. Conclusion: Arthroscopically guided repair of carpal chip fractures with small diameter cortex screws is technically feasible and experiences with 33 cases suggest that this may have advantages over fragment removal in managing such cases. Potential relevance: Surgeons treating horses with large chip fractures of the carpal bones should consider arthroscopically guided internal fixation as an alternative to removal.     

木材断口分形的初步研究

木材是一种天然的多孔性生物高分子材料,结构复杂且变异性大,所以木材断裂表面定量分析的难度很高,对于木材内部裂纹产生、发展的研究一直没有大的突破.在木材断裂力学的研究中,国内外科学家运用传统的断裂试验方法研究居多,但普遍结论是规律不明显或找不到规律(费本华,1999).木材研究者们一直在寻找一种定量描述木材断裂表面形态的新指标,并希望在此基础上预测木材强度和了解木材断裂机制(Schmitt et al.,1996;Qin et al.,1999).     

纤维蛋白胶复合物促进犬骨折愈合的临床学观察

为了探索纤维蛋白胶(FG)联合人骨形态发生蛋白(rhBMP-2)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)和妥布霉素的复合物对犬骨折愈合的影响,建立了犬胫骨骨折模型,将FG复合物应用于实验组和空白对照组的胫骨骨折处,在术后2、4、8、12、16周,测定骨折处周围软组织充血水肿消除时间、利用X射线影像学评价骨折愈合程度、测定骨折愈合部位的骨密度(BMD)及骨密度比率、骨痂体积,测定胫骨生物力学强度并进行统计和分析。实验组和对照组比较:术部红、肿、热消失时间显著缩短,术后各时间点的X射线影像学评分更高,术后各时间点骨痂更大,术后16周术部骨骼能承受的最大载荷和最大位移显著增大。结果表明FG联合rhBMP-2、bFGF与妥布霉素应用于骨折部位,可促进骨折愈合过程中软组织的生成,缩短骨折愈合的时间,提高骨生物力学强度。