管道计算机辅助断裂评定系统研究

管道断裂评定工作是管道系统安全运行的重要保证，应用计算机辅助手段进行油气管道断裂评定能够大大简化工程人员的工作，使断裂评定工作更趋科学化。重点分析了油气管道计算机辅助断裂评定系统的研究和开发，介绍了系统的设计原则、系统构成、总体设计、设计流程和系统的实现，并简要分析了系统评定过程及结果的可靠性，为管道断裂评定提供了科学依据。     

Effect of Water on the Mechanical Behaviour of Extruded Flat Bread

The effect of water on the mechanical properties of extruded breads was studied, at room temperature. As the moisture content was increased from 6 to 9% moisture, the resistance to fracture (compression tests) or rupture (tensile tests) was improved. Above this moisture range, plasticisation by water was the dominant phenomenon. The brittle to ductile transition was observed to occur within a moisture content range from 9 to 13·7% (w/w). The influence of water on the crispness of extruded bread, evaluated with sensory evaluation, is also described.     

Sanatmetal髓内钉固定治疗尺桡骨多节段骨折12例分析

目的探讨Sanatmetal尺桡骨髓内钉固定治疗前臂尺桡骨多节段骨折的疗效。方法 12例尺桡骨骨折按AO分型:C1.2型3例,C2.2型9例。采用骨折复位,Sanatmetal尺桡骨髓内钉固定。结果术后随访6~36个月,骨折愈合时间12~20周,平均18周。按Anderson评分标准评定优8例,良2例,可2例。结论应用Sanatmetal尺桡骨髓内钉固定治疗尺桡骨多节段骨折疗效良好。     

竹塑复合材料的冲击韧性

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)、竹浆纤维、竹造纸剩余物竹屑、白泥为试验原料,制造竹塑复合材料。采用基本断裂功(EWF)方法对竹屑/HDPE、白泥/竹屑/HDPE和竹浆纤维/竹屑/HDPE3种复合材料的冲击韧性进行了研究,比较了不同质量分数的竹屑、白泥、竹浆纤维对复合材料各性能参数的影响。结果表明:复合材料的比基本断裂功(we)随着竹屑和白泥的增加逐渐下降,随着竹浆纤维的增加显著提高;竹屑和竹浆纤维的质量分数对竹塑复合材料的比非基本断裂功(βwp)影响较小。     

木材微观构造与拉伸断裂的关系

利用环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)结合微力学拉伸装置,对木材受微力学拉伸时的断裂过程进行实时监测,通过对断裂影像和应力曲线的分析,得出了导管、纺锤形木射线、早晚材边界、木纤维、管胞、木射线、及细胞壁上的纹孔与木材拉伸断裂的关系。导管、纺锤形木射线和早晚材边界对裂纹扩展起到阻挡的作用,在轴向力作用下木射线的破坏主要是胞间层的撕裂,纹孔常常保持完整的形态,裂纹顺着纹孔边缘扩展。     

Experimental Study on Flexural Toughness and Fatigue Property of Polypropylene (PP) Fiber Reinforced Cement-stabilized Macadam

By four-point bending test and fatigue test,the authors studied the flexural toughness and fatigue property of semi-rigid base course of cement-stabilized macadam with and without polypropylene(PP) fiber.Some significant data about these two kinds of material have been obtained,such as the load-deflection curves,toughness index according to the standard methods of JCI and ASTM C1018-97,the fatigue lifetime under different stress levels and the fatigue lifetime regression equation.The results show that the reinforcing effect of the PP fiber is remarkable;the bending strength,ultimate deformability,JCI toughness index,ASTM C1018-97 toughness index and fatigue life of cement-stabilized macadam with PP fiber are increased by about 10%,150%,67.7%,36.1%~79.8%,and 126%~352%,respectively,when the volume fraction of PP fiber is only 0.077%.At the same time,the authors revealed the toughness improving mechanism and the anti-fatigue mechanism of the fiber in such material based on the fracture mechanics theory.     

The Distribution of Piezometric Head along Wedge-shaped Fractures

Rock masses have defects,such as joints and fractures, which are the main seepage passages.Joints and fractures often are treated as parallel plates with the seepage state kept steady and the ground stress constant. When changes take place in joints and fractures as a result of stress changes induced by excavation,joints or fractures may be wedge-shaped,and the distribution of piezometric head along the fracture will be nonlinear.A distribution function of piezometric head is suggested and compared with the results of previous research.The influence of this function on the calculation of the slope safety factor is investigated.The study shows that this function is reasonable.     

壮筋补骨丸促进家兔人工骨折愈合的组织学观察

为客观评价壮筋补骨丸促进骨折愈合的作用,选用30只雄性新西兰兔造成右侧桡骨3 mm完全缺损的骨折模型,随机分为模型组、伤科组和壮筋组,分别给予生理盐水、伤科接骨片和壮筋补骨丸灌胃,连续4周.各组动物每周处死3只,取样进行HE染色、Masson染色和PAS染色观察,并于术后28 d取右侧桡骨(骨折骨)进行扫描电镜观察.结果表明,壮筋组较模型组及伤科组提前1周PAS和Masson染色呈阳性,于2周后观察到胶原纤维大量出现,成骨过程明显快于模型组.电镜观察显示模型组术后4周骨痂生长,胶原纤维交错排列,未出现成熟的骨细胞,而伤科组及壮筋组术后4周胶原纤维平行簇状排列,出现了板质骨和骨细胞,与模型组比较差异明显,表明壮筋补骨丸能促进新西兰兔骨折愈合.     

Z-形钛合金钢板前路内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效观察

目的观察Z-形钛合金钢板前路内固度定术对胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者的临床疗效。方法对60例胸腰段脊柱爆裂性骨折患者进行前方减压、椎体间植骨、Z-形钛钢板内固定,术后卧床3周,3周后戴支架起床活动。结果随访平均12.5个月,术后CT或MR显示椎管内压迫去除,植骨愈合。脊柱后凸Cobb角较术前改善12.7°,无继发脊柱后凸畸形。神经功能较术前有1~2级以上的改善。结论Z-形钛合金钢板前路内固定术对胸腰椎爆裂性骨折减压彻底,固定牢固,不破坏后稳定结构,并能一期重建脊柱系列。