高强度管道钢氢致开裂门槛应力测定

采用恒载荷和慢应变速率动态拉实验方法。测定了X80管道钢在不同充氢条件下的氢致开裂门槛应力和断裂应力，测试结果表明，X80管道钢在0．5mol/L H2SO4 0.25g/L As2O3溶液中充氢时，试样中可扩散氢浓度（C0）和充气电流的方根（√i）呈线性关系，不同充氢条件下慢应变速率拉伸时断裂应力均随氢浓度升高而下降，恒载荷下氢致滞后断裂门槛应力随氢浓度的对数而呈线性下降。     

考虑损伤时材料的断裂应力

工程结构的损伤分析、寿命预测及材料细观损伤机理与材料的强韧化研究，具有十分重要的工程意义，并具有广阔的发展前景。本文研究考虑损伤时材料的断裂应力，推导出了在表面能密度有限的情况下，损伤断裂应力的计算公式。     

THE USE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC THREE‐DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTIONS TO DEVELOP INSTRUCTIONAL MODELS FOR EQUINE PELVIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY

Ultrasonography has gained increased utility to diagnose pelvic fractures in horses; however, internal pelvic contours can be difficult to appreciate from external palpable landmarks. We developed three‐dimensional (3D) simulations of the pelvic ultrasonographic examination to assist with translation of pelvic contours into two‐dimensional (2D) images. Contiguous 1 mm transverse computed tomography (CT) images were acquired through an equine femur and hemipelvis using a single slice helical scanner. 3D surface models were created using a DICOM reader and imported into a 3D modeling and animation program. The bone models were combined with a purchased 3D horse model and the skin made translucent to visualize pelvic surface contours. 3D models of ultrasound transducers were made from reference photos, and a thin sector shape was created to depict the ultrasound beam. Ultrasonographic examinations were simulated by moving transducers on the skin surface and rectally to produce images of pelvic structures. Camera angles were manipulated to best illustrate the transducer–beam–bone interface. Fractures were created in multiple configurations. Animations were exported as QuickTime movie files for use in presentations coupled with corresponding ultrasound videoclips. 3D models provide a link between ultrasonographic technique and image generation by depicting the interaction of the transducer, ultrasound beam, and structure of interest. The horse model was important to facilitate understanding of the location of pelvic structures relative to the skin surface. While CT acquisition time was brief, manipulation within the 3D software program was time intensive. Results were worthwhile from an instructional standpoint based on user feedback.     

PKP术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎 压缩性骨折的临床观察

〔摘要〕目的观察经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty , PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性压缩性骨折的临 床疗效、方法对收治的符合纳入标准的38例老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者应用PKP治疗并进行临床 疗效和影像学分析〔术后随访2个月、结果术后腰背部疼痛消失35例,疼痛明显减轻3例,无骨水泥渗漏〔术后 行影像学检查未见椎管内占位,后凸畸形明显改善、术后伤椎前柱平均高度明显提高(P<0.05 ) , Cobb角恢复至正 常水平,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05 )、结论PKP术创伤小、安全、临床疗效好,能迅速缓解疼痛,有效恢 复伤椎高度,是治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的理想治疗方法、     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白2复合物对犬胫骨骨折愈合中4种相关细胞因子的作用

研究重组人骨形态发生蛋白2(rhBMP-2)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、纤维蛋白凝胶(FG)与妥布霉素复合物加速骨折愈合。bFGF与rhBMP-2和妥布霉素以纤维蛋白胶为载体复合,将具有抗生素缓释系统的复合物注入犬胫骨骨折处,并做内固定,于术后第2周,采集犬胫骨骨折处样品,每隔2周采集1次,共采集4次,将每次采集的样品制成组织切片,采用免疫组织化学的方法检测4种因子,并对组织切片进行分析,用多功能真彩色细胞图象分析管理系统,分析所得数据用SPSS18.0版统计软件进行统计学分析。血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)在试验组第2周表达强阳性,而对照组阳性表达较弱;前4周,试验组血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)阳性率呈上升趋势,强于对照组;前8周,试验组胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)和转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)阳性率均高于对照组。说明bFGF与rhBMP-2和妥布霉素以纤维蛋白胶为载体的复合物在骨折愈合具有中促进细胞增殖、黏附、趋化、分化,以及骨折末端血管生长和形成的作用。     

管道环焊接头断裂评定方法分析

管道是石油和天然气的主要运输工具,春焊接质量对管道的安全可靠性有较大影响。管道环焊接头的断裂评定,对于管道系统的安全动物真有重要意义。介绍了欧美等国家有关管道环焊接头断裂评定方面的理论研究和工程方法的进展,讨论了各种评定方法之间的差异,目的在于为管道焊接施工提供科学依据和理论指导。     

Sanatmetal髓内钉固定治疗尺桡骨多节段骨折12例分析

目的探讨Sanatmetal尺桡骨髓内钉固定治疗前臂尺桡骨多节段骨折的疗效。方法 12例尺桡骨骨折按AO分型:C1.2型3例,C2.2型9例。采用骨折复位,Sanatmetal尺桡骨髓内钉固定。结果术后随访6~36个月,骨折愈合时间12~20周,平均18周。按Anderson评分标准评定优8例,良2例,可2例。结论应用Sanatmetal尺桡骨髓内钉固定治疗尺桡骨多节段骨折疗效良好。     

油罐浮顶焊缝断裂原因分析及整治

通过浮顶油罐浮顶焊缝断裂漏油的实例，从油罐设计、施工、检修和油罐运行管理四个方面对浮顶焊缝断裂的原因，作了较详细的分析，同时提出了防止焊缝断裂的整治措施，主要从油罐设计、大修时的补救及油罐的日常运行管理等三个方面进行了探讨。     

手术与非手术治疗桡骨远端骨折对患者腕关节功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨采用手术切开复位与手法复位石膏外固定的非手术疗法对桡骨远端骨折患者腕关节功能恢复的影响。方法 选取本院骨科收治的97例桡骨远端骨折患者进行回顾性分析,其中采取切开复位内固定手术治疗53例（手术组）、采取手法复位石膏外固定治疗44例（非手术组）,对比两组患者的腕关节功能恢复情况。结果 手术组的骨折愈合时间平均为（5.8±1.1）周,非手术组为（6.0±0.8）周,两组患者的骨折愈合时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后3个月,手术组和非手术组患者的腕关节背伸、腕关节曲度、尺偏角、桡偏角、尺骨移位测定值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,手术组的掌倾角、握力、桡骨高度测定值优于非手术组（P<0.05）;术后6个月,两组患者腕关节背伸、腕关节曲度、尺偏角、桡偏角、掌倾角、握力、桡骨高度、尺骨移位测定值差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后6个月,手术组的腕关节功能优良率96.2%与非手术组患者的90.9%差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 对于OTA分级相当的患者,采用手术切开复位内固定有利于患者腕关节功能的早期恢复,但是远期恢复效果手术与非手术治疗差异并不显著。