木材断裂力学的研究

该文介绍了木材断裂力学的概念、研究方法以及国内外对木材断裂力学的研究现状及发展前景     

Experimental Analysis of Shear Performance of Wet-bonding Interface between FRP Plate and Concrete

By adopting seven kinds of adhesive resins, the mechanical properties of the interface between pultruded Basalt fiber reinforced polymer plates and cast-in-place concrete is studied according to two groups of stretching double-shear test. And it is compared with the dry-bonding interface between BFRP plates and the precast concrete. Further study is conducted by comparing the damage features, load-displacement curves, effective bond length, bond slip relationship and interface fracture energy between the two interfaces. It is found that the effective bond length of the two interfaces are similar, but the bond strength of the wet-bonding is about half of the dry-bonding. Finally, the shear stress-slip model is proposed for the wet-bonding interface based on the experimental data.     

Arthroscopic treatment of fractures of the lateral malleolus of the tibia: 26 cases

Reasons for performing the study: A minimally invasive arthroscopic technique for removal of fractures of the lateral malleolus of the tibia is considered to be beneficial but data to this effect are required. Hypothesis: Arthroscopic removal of fractures of the lateral malleolus of the tibia is technically feasible, provides a comprehensive evaluation of the tarsocrural joint and enables removal of remote comminuted fragments and disrupted short collateral ligaments. The technique is associated with low patient morbidity, requires only short periods of hospitalisation and affords a good prognosis to affected horses. Methods: The case records of all horses that underwent arthroscopic removal of a fractured lateral malleolus of the tibia, admitted to a referral hospital, were evaluated retrospectively. Follow‐up information was obtained from race records and by telephone questionnaire. Results: Fractures were successfully removed arthroscopically in all cases following dissection from the short lateral collateral ligaments. Significant post operative complications occurred in only one horse. All other horses recovered well from surgery and of 22 horses with long‐term follow‐up, 18 returned to their previous use. Conclusion: Arthroscopic removal of fractures of the lateral malleolus of the tibia is technically demanding, but can be performed with minimal complications and with low patient morbidity and short periods of hospitalisation. The majority of horses are able to successfully return to work following the procedure. Potential relevance: The advantages of arthroscopic removal compared to removal via arthrotomy make this the technique of choice for treatment of fractures of the lateral malleolus of the tibia.     

Musculoskeletal disease and injury, now and in the future. Part 1: fractures and fatalities

Orthopaedic injury is common in the racing Thoroughbred and is a cause of both economic loss to the industry, as well as being an obvious welfare issue. Fatal injuries sustained during racing are an obvious major concern and it is important that all is done to reduce their frequency. As a consequence of the importance of these causes of horse morbidity and mortality, the Horserace Betting Levy Board in the UK has invested considerable resources into research in recent years in this area in an attempt to decrease the frequency of such injuries. This review summarises current knowledge relating to epidemiological investigations relating to fractures, falling and fatalities in the racing Thoroughbred. Studies identify the importance of track surface conditions, the importance of pre-existing orthopaedic pathology, as well as issues relating to the horse's past training and racing experience as important determinants of both injury and death. Such findings can now be used to develop interventions to reduce racehorse injury and death for the benefit of both the industry and the horse.     

农业机械的低周疲劳寿命分析方法研究

对农业机械中低周疲劳情况及对农业机械寿命估算的必要性进行了分析,叙述了各种低周疲劳寿命分析的基本方法和一些特殊模型及这些模型的计算公式.所论述的几种疲劳寿命模型具有易懂、简捷及广泛的工程应用前景.     

管件防脆断控制技术现状与思考

中俄东线天然气管道工程站场设计温度低至-45℃,对管道设施防脆断能力提出了新挑战,为了防止低温环境下服役构件发生脆性断裂,需要制定科学、合理的韧性指标要求。系统阐述了防脆断控制技术的发展历程:经验方法→断裂分析图法→断裂力学方法。以中俄东线天然气管道工程为例,分析了油气管道管件基于经验方法的防脆断技术现状,并对比分析了ASME BPVC(Boiling and Pressure Vessel Code)的防脆断控制要求,指出油气管道管件防脆断控制措施存在的不足。基于经验的夏比冲击韧性指标应用于高韧性管线钢时,可能存在不足以防止脆性断裂的风险,因此提出:①建立完善的基于断裂力学的高钢级高韧性管件防脆断控制指标体系;②在现有防脆断控制指标的基础上增加NDT(Nil-Ductility Transition)测试要求;③建立基于断裂力学评估的防脆断控制要求。(图5,表2,参24)     

秸秆复合管断裂方式对其水力性能的影响

探究断裂方式对秸秆复合管过水性能的影响对于推广秸秆复合管灌溉的机械化应用具有重要意义。2020年11月至2021年4月以秸秆复合管为试验材料,在室内进行了秸秆复合管自由出流试验,试验处理为完整秸秆复合管(D0) 、间距1 cm的斜切(45°) 断裂(D1) 、间距1 cm的直切断裂(D2) ,初步研究水流能否通过断口;在田间进行了地埋秸秆复合管性能试验,以断裂方式(斜切(45°) 、直切、自由(折断)) 、工作压力(30、50、70 cm水头) 和供水量(30、40、50 L) 设计了3因素3水平的正交试验,并以地埋完整秸秆复合管(CK1) 为对照,探究秸秆复合管断裂方式对其水力性能的影响。结果表明：自由出流条件下,D1、D2处理较D0的压力水头47.9 cm分别降低了11.6、14.4 cm,两个处理大小关系为D2＜D1。说明断裂方式上,直切比斜切(45°) 影响大。地埋出流条件下,不同断裂方式的秸秆复合管内压力分布大小关系为直切＜斜切(45°)＜自由(折断) ;渗水速率大小关系为斜切(45°) ＞直切＞自由(折断) 。与直切和斜切(45°)相比,自由断裂对水流通过断口时的影响较小。秸秆复合管地埋后,管内压力随工作压力的增加呈倒U形分布,表明工作压力增大到一定程度(试验中大于50 cm水头) 时,断口处水流增大,甚至出现管涌,管内压力不升反降,断口前后的水流连续性变差。综合分析,秸秆复合管的断口间距控制在1 cm以内,工作压力选用50 cm水头对秸秆复合管的水力性能影响不大,可实现其灌溉性能。     

LOOSENING OF TRANSOSSEOUSLY PLACED ANTEBRACHIAL SCREWS IN TWO DOGS

Radius and ulna fractures in two dogs were repaired by application of a bone plate to the cranial surface of the radius. In both dogs, two screws were placed through the radius and into the ulna. Return of function and bone healing occurred as expected; however, return of lameness at 5 and 7 months postoperatively was attributed to loosening of the transosseous screws. The lameness resolved following implant removal. Loosening of only the transosseous screws could have resulted from the normal motion between the radius and ulna.