灌浆期表观直链淀粉含量相似品种稻米胶稠度和RVA谱的动态差异

 【目的】从品质形成的动态角度探讨相似AAC（apparent amylose content, 表观直链淀粉含量）水稻品种其米质动态形成的差异。【方法】选用成熟种子表观直链淀粉含量相似而米质不同的两个水稻品种武育粳3号和30优917为材料,研究其灌浆过程中直链淀粉含量、胶稠度及RVA谱动态变化差异。【结果】两个品种在籽粒灌浆过程中直链淀粉含量、胶稠度和RVA谱的动态变化存在显著差异。在花后5—15 d2个品种的直链淀粉含量存在显著差异,到灌浆后期则表现相近。胶稠度和RVA谱在籽粒灌浆的全过程中均有明显差异。与30优917相比,武育粳3号的胶稠度在花后5—10 d较软,到籽粒灌浆的中后期（花后20—40 d）却明显比30优917硬;用RVA测得的武育粳3号粘性较高,表现为较高的崩解值、较小的正消减值和较低的成糊温度。【结论】相似AAC水稻米质间的差异表现在灌浆期米质性状的动态形成存在显著差异,口感较好的武育粳3号其米粒形成过程中有较高的最高黏度、崩解值和较小的正消减值。     

打鼓坪林场常绿阔叶林群落类型分析

对打鼓坪林场常绿阔叶林的物种及植物群落进行调查,结果表明:该地区共有木本植物85科、240属、559种,植物区系属于热带、亚热带性质,并有较强的过渡性质;对群落植物生活型的统计分析说明该地群落植物生活型是相当丰富的;对植物群落类型统计得出该地拥有9个群系,并分别对每个群丛进行了群落类型、特征和分布的简要描述.     

MgH2-X(X=Si,Ge,Sn,Pb)体系解氢能力的第一原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一原理赝势平面波方法,研究了MgH2-X(X=Si,Ge,Sn,Pb)合金化体系的能量、几何与电子结构.负形成热的计算发现:合金化元素X在镁氢化合物(MgH2)中少量固溶时,体系相结构稳定性变差,预示着解氢能力得到改善.电子态密度(DOS)与电子密度的进一步分析发现:镁氢化合物X合金化后,X与其周围的H原子相互作用不明显,而Mg-H之间的成键作用减弱.体系Ge合金化解氢能力增强的理论计算与实验结果一致,预测Si,Sn,Pb少量固溶于MgH2能提高体系的解氢能力.     

Regeneration and transformation of cassava

A prerequisite for the development of a successful transformation system is the availability of efficient regeneration systems. Up to 1995 the only available regeneration system in cassava was an organized type of somatic embryogenesis. Transformation of these organized somatic embryogenic cultures with particle bombardment or Agrobacterium tumefaciens resulted in chimeric transformed embryos. However, the transformed sector was lost after repeated cycles of secondary somatic embryogenesis. After 1995 a less organized system of somatic embryogenesis was developed, so called friable embryogenic callus (FEC) and a system of adventitious shoot regeneration. The FEC regeneration system was combined successfully with particle bombardment. Selection of transgenic plants was based on either luciferase activity, or resistance to the aminoglycoside paromomycin or the herbicide phosphinothricin. Furthermore, protoplasts of FEC are able to regenerate into plants and can be transformed by electroporation. The adventitious shoot regeneration system was combined successfully with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. For this mature somatic embryos were cocultivated with Agrobacterium and cultured for adventitious shoot development. After selection based on the aminoglycoside geneticin or on hygromycin transgenic plants were formed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

茄子离体培养研究进展和展望

综述了茄子不同组织、器官产生愈伤组织，胚胎发生，根芽分化以及植株再生的影响因素和诱导条件。对茄子组织培养中器官发生规律、种质资源利用及技术实用化提出看法。     

竹子分子生物学研究进展

从分子生物学角度来探讨竹子问题是竹子研究的新趋势。目前,关于竹子出笋的基因调控机理研究很少,有关竹子开花方面的主要集中于MADS-BOX基因的研究。分子生物学应用最多的是在竹子分类领域,但大多采用分子标记技术,利用同源基因进化研究相对较少。竹子转基因的初步成功为竹子的遗传育种带来了新的希望。另外,分子生物学在竹子花叶病毒研究中发挥着极其重要的作用。在总结已有研究基础上,认为竹子开花分子机理研究是今后竹子分子生物学研究的重点。     

Asynchronous wood formation in youngAcacia mangium planted in Malaysia

In general, tropical trees have less-distinct growth rings. Even if the trees have some concentric structures, there is little information on the timing of their formation. The objective of this report is to show the asynchronous wood formation from the observation of indistinct, ring-like structures. YoungAcacia mangium planted in Malaysia was investigated for asynchronous wood formation anatomically and macroscopically. Tree heights and girths at breast height for 28 trees were measured every other week. Wood disks from four trees were sampled at breast height for this research. The radial variation of vessel dimensions and the number of cambial cells in different radial directions and the wood anatomy of discontinuous bands were investigated using thin sectioning and soft radiographic methods. The vessel dimension was quite different in their radial variation even for four radial directions with a similar radius. There was a large variation in the number of cambial cells among radial directions in youngAcacia mangium. Bands of low density included a layer of vessels aligned in a spiral rather than in a closed circle.     

苹果自动分级中计算机视觉信息处理技术的研究

在VC 开发环境下系统对苹果自动分级中计算机视觉信息进行处理,提出了一种苹果分级的R通道方法,对苹果视觉信息进行区域标记。实验结果显示,该方法可满足实际应用的要求。     

In vitro chromosome doubling of Miscanthus sinensis

The aim was to develop an efficient chromosome doubling method for Miscanthus sinensis to enable the production of triploids and so avoid seed dispersal to the environment. Antimitotic treatments with colchicine or oryzalin were tested in M. sinensis cl. MS‐88‐110 on: (1) in vitro shoots and plants established in soil; (2) during propagation of embryogenic callus; and (c) during the initial stages of callus induction. All systems produced chromosome‐doubled plants. A higher percentage of tetraploids was found after antimitotic treatment at the explant or callus level compared with treatment of in vitro shoots or plants established in soil. In general, oryzalin was more toxic to plant material than colchicine. A higher frequency of chimeras was found among plants with altered ploidy level when the target was formed shoot buds compared with adventitious shoot formation from callus. Antimitotic treatment of embryogenic callus from shoot apices also resulted in a high degree of albinism.     

新疆土壤次生盐化主要成因及对策

概述了新疆耕地次生盐化现状,分析了土壤次生盐化的4个主要成因,基于新疆特殊内陆干旱气候和地理环境特征,从加强渠道防渗、减少水库渗漏、推行高效节水、完善灌排工程等方面提出并分析了盐碱地治理的研究对策。