Growth-independent effects of a fluctuating thermal regime on the life-history traits of the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Abstract –  Temperature fluctuation has been shown to affect somatic growth rates and metabolic functions of fish, but little is known about the effects of fluctuating temperatures on life-history traits. We examined these effects on female Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) reared from hatch to maturity at two mean temperatures (27 and 30 °C) with diel temperatures either held constant or allowed to fluctuate ±5 °C. Feeding regimes were manipulated to equilibrate medaka growth rates in all treatments. Age and length at maturity decreased as a result of thermal fluctuation, whereas there was no effect of temperature fluctuation on the proportion of fish attaining maturity or on the number of eggs produced by a mature female. We hypothesise that short-term high temperatures associated with temperature fluctuation decreases development time, whereas reduced energy conversion efficiency at higher temperatures does not allow for increased egg production.     

论析欧洲的环境政策

当今世界，欧洲环境治理绩效突出。究其原因，环境政策发挥了指导性作用。而这对于环境形势目最严峻的中国具有十分重要的借鉴意义。文中对欧洲环境政策发展历程、原则及挑战进行了细致分析，以供相关研究机构和学者参考。     

Cloning, characterization and expression of cDNA containing major histocompatibility complex class I, IIα and IIβ genes of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT:   The nucleotide sequences of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus , major histocompatibility complex (MHC) cDNA, classical MHC class Iα, non-classical MHC class Iβ, MHC class IIα and IIβ, were determined. The domain structures and antigen binding motifs of vertebrate MHC are conserved in the Japanese flounder MHC. A phylogenetic analysis supports the classification of these genes into class I and class II MHC. Classical MHC class Iα was ubiquitously expressed, whereas the non-classical MHC class Iβ was expressed mainly in lymphoid organs, gills, intestine and stomach. The MHC classes IIα and IIβ were also ubiquitously expressed.     

用负熵最大化小波实现强噪声下的语音识别

针对高噪环境下语音识别的困难,以独立分量分析和小波理论为基础,提出一种负熵最大化小波语音降噪预处理新方法,对不同种类和不同输入信噪比的噪声设计了试验,结果表明在低输入信噪比情况下本方法的优越性,此结论对高噪环境下的信号分析和语音识别具有重要意义。     

云南野生动物园环境绿化设计研究

云南野生动物园位于昆明市金殿双乳山景区，占地187hm^2，根据绿化目标，分别对游道、各动物展示区、专类植物园区等，进行特色植物绿化配置，做到环境绿化与生物多样性保护同时并举。     

排污权交易:一种基于市场的环境控制制度

排污权交易是一种基于市场的环境污染间接控制制度。微观上,排污权的交易有利于企业以最小的成本费用解决排污问题和提高企业投资污染控制设施的积极性;宏观上,排污权的交易有利于降低整个社会控制环境总成本和实现资源优化配置。有赖于市场机制的排污权交易制度的实施需要一定的前提和条件。     

环境应急监测主要技术与方法探析

指出了环境应急监测是环境监测工作的一个重要组成部分,突发性环境污染事故具有形式多样、发生突然、难于处置和危害严重等特点,处置不当,就会造成严重的环境污染和破坏,给人们的生产和生活带来危害。分析了我国环境应急监测技术的现状和存在的问题,对环境应急监测的主要技术和方法进行了初步探讨。     

Case study: Treatment of oral and locomotory stereotypic behaviors in a mature sow

A 32-month-old female 225-kg nonpregnant cross-bred Newsham sow presented a 6-week history of stereotypic behaviors when housed in a laboratory research facility. A behavioral examination over 12 daylight hours revealed 3 main stereotypic motor patterns, namely (1) oral-nasal gate manipulation defined as placement of the snout between the bars of the pen gate with repetitive, forceful up and down movement; (2) head weaving defined as repetitive lateral head and snout movement toward the pen gates while rocking back and forth on her forequarters with hooves remaining on ground at all times; and (3) body weaving defined as repetitive shifting of body weight from one side to the other with front hooves lifting alternately off the ground. The sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 4.0%, 12.4%, and 6.8% of her total baseline time budget, respectively. The presumptive diagnosis was oral-nasal and locomotory stereotypies. Three treatments were used to mitigate the duration and frequency of these stereotypic behaviors. Treatment 1—Social treatment (change social stimuli by providing visual and nose-to-nose contact with different neighboring sows); Treatment 2—Forage treatment (change foraging substrates by providing peat moss as a rooting substrate); and Treatment 3—Space treatment (change pen configuration by increasing space). The sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 0%, 0.4%, and 0.1% of her total time budget, respectively; social treatment: the sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 0.9%, 15.3%, and 11.3% of her total time budget, respectively; and forage treatment: the sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 0.5%, 28.0%, and 15.5% of her total time budget, respectively. This study is one of the first reports to evaluate the treatment of established stereotypies in a mature sow. Results suggest the promise of environmental enrichment as an effective treatment strategy. Further research is needed to evaluate the persistence of these behavioral changes and relative importance of different environmental manipulations provided.     

Does diversified environmental regulation effect the foreign direct investment inflows and technological innovation? A three-stage least square approach

Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows have been significantly impacted by environmental regulation (ER). This study is aiming at analyzing the ER effect on the FDI inflows. By using the data of 2008–2018, we use Three-stages least square (3SLS) method to assess the connection between FDI inflows and ER. The study results reveal that in Chinese industries, technological innovation (TI) is stipulated by the ER, and as a result, FDI has been engrossed. The results further reveal that TI has been enhanced by capital penetration, and a positive effect is perceived between TI and FDI. The findings of our study also show that there is a significant association between foreign capital (FC) inflows and TI, which indicates that technological policies are effective and advanced environmental policies would intensify the relevant policies between firms. Based on the study outcomes, this research proposes some policy suggestions for constructing a attuned policy system of environmental protection and FDI by regulating the implementation of conforming strategies.     

基于Lokta-Volterra模型的农业生产托管两主体共生演化研究

基于共生理论构建托管农户与托管服务组织两主体共生演化Lokta-Volterra动态模型,探讨不同共生系数下两主体共生演化的均衡结果,并在此基础上利用数值仿真模拟两主体共生演化模式。研究表明：托管农户与托管服务组织在不同共生环境下会形成寄生共生、偏利共生和互惠共生三种共生模式,且三种模式具有动态演化的特征;托管农户与托管服务组织共生演化的均衡结果取决于二者间的共生系数;托管农户与托管服务组织在互惠共生模式下才能达到最优的发展状态。最后,基于模型结果提出相应的政策建议。