瓦氏雅罗鱼在吉林西部盐碱水体中的适应性分析

为了解瓦氏雅罗鱼对盐碱水体的适应性,在吉林西部盐碱水体三王湖中移入瓦氏雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii),通过对其生长、食性和生态位的研究,分析其对三王湖的适应情况,并与吉林东部老龙口水库的瓦氏雅罗鱼野生群体相比较.结果显示,两个水体中瓦氏雅罗鱼的生长均属于非等速生长类型中的正异速增长,肥满度指数没有显著性...     

水体光照强度的变化对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响

近年来,我国淡水湖泊富营养化现象日益严重,藻类大量生长导致水体光照强度减弱,水生植物严重衰退。为了解水体光照强度减弱对生活在沿岸带草丛中的浮游甲壳动物分布情况的影响,本研究于2015年5月至2015年11月在水族箱中通过移植苦草并覆盖不同层黑色遮阳布来建立4个光照梯度（L1- L4）,其透光率分别是40.5%、17.1%、7.1%和2.8%,来模拟自然条件下沿岸带浮游甲壳动物群落对低光压力的响应,分析了水体理化指标、苦草和浮游甲壳动物群落结构变化。结果表明：（1）从不同的光照处理来看,浮游甲壳动物生物量随光照强度减弱而减少,其平均值分别是1.27 mg/L、0.99 mg/L、0.95 mg/L和0.45 mg/L,丰度和多样性也随光照强度减弱逐渐降低;（2）与其他3个处理组相比,L4组中除了锯缘真剑水蚤相对生物量百分比从5%升高到25%,其他种类都有所下降,其中晶莹仙达溞从50%降至9%;（3）浮游甲壳动物的平均生物量在秋季（1.28 mg/L）大于夏季（0.54 mg/L）,而夏季（83.79 ind./L）平均丰度大于秋季（53.59 ind./L）。统计分析表明浮游甲壳动物群落结构变化与光照强度和苦草生长引起的水体理化的变化显著正相关,主要是溶解氧和pH值。     

Effects of marine fish farming on nutrient composition and plankton communities in the Eastern Aegean Sea (Turkey)

The hypothesis that the presence of fish farming zones affects the water quality and plankton communities was investigated in an Aegean Sea fish farm during February, June, September and January 2000–2001. In the spatial coverage, a total of 12 stations were sampled; three of them were reference stations. A variance analysis was applied to the measurements made at the stations near the fish farms and at the control stations. While no significant differences in concentrations of nutrients, chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon and particulate organic nitrogen were detected between the stations and the control sites within one season, significant differences were detected between the parameter values measured except for total dissolved phosphorus and dissolved organic phosphorus at different seasons. The seasonal differences were also significant with regard to the biodiversity. Together with these temporal differences in general, there was a higher diversity of species at the control site as compared with the other stations in September, which was the key season to detection of significant changes. The most important consideration is that it is not sufficient to take the instantaneous values for the physico‐chemical variables; rather, it is necessary to monitor the biological parameters in order to define the differences in the ecosystem.     

龟鳖废水处理系统中细菌群落组成及动态变化

为了优化废水处理系统的菌群结构,提高水质净化效率,实验采用高通量测序技术对龟鳖废水处理系统的细菌群落组成进行分析,同时对细菌群落和废水水质进行相关性分析.结果显示:不同处理单元中的菌群结构存在显著差异,在门分类水平上,各处理单元的主要细菌类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacte-roidot...     

自然环境变动对北部湾渔业资源的影响

根据1949~1985年广西渔获量、捕捞努力量,以及降雨、风速和盐度等统计资料,分析了自然环境的变动对广西渔获量年际变化的影响,由于捕捞努力量的难以转换性,采取以时间系列代替捕捞努力量的变动,并建立了渔获量对时间序列和环境变量的回归模型,以此来反映北部湾渔业资源的变动情况。分析结果表明,渔获量波动与时间序列显著相关,还与广东沿岸平均降雨量、北部湾沿岸平均降雨量、涠洲岛盐度以及香港季候风等环境因素显著相关。包含时间序列和环境变量的渔获量模型的回归系数为0·93,其置信水平达到99%以上。研究的结果说明,除捕捞因素外,环境因素的变动对北部湾渔业资源的波动有显著的影响。     

环境胁迫对对虾免疫系统的影响研究

环境胁迫（environmental stress）是指环境对生物所处的生存状态产生的压力，分为急性环境胁迫和慢性环境胁迫。捕捞、干扰、水质的突变等可以引起急性环境胁迫，而水质逐渐恶化和高密度放养等会造成慢性胁迫。近年来随着人类活动范围的不断扩大和程度的加深，环境资源受到了很大的破坏，养殖对虾受到的环境胁迫日益严重。这些胁迫可使对虾产生应激反应，虽然这是一种保护性反应，但持续处于应激状态，机体的免疫防御体系的功能会受到抑制，就会影响到其抗病力。当前对虾的病害越来越严重，大规模的死亡已经成为制约养殖业发展的瓶颈。     

威海双岛海域人工鱼礁区大型海藻夏季群落结构变化

2013年6月和8月,采用潜水采样和录像的方法调查了威海双岛海域人工鱼礁区内礁石上附着的大型海藻,并分析了海藻群落组成与环境因子的关系.2次调查共采集到大型海藻9种,其中红藻门5种、褐藻门和绿藻门各2种.夏末和夏初的海藻群落相似度为20.35％,对相似性贡献最大的5种海藻分别为金膜藻(Chrysymenia wrightii)、日本异管藻(Hterosiphonia japonica)、扁江蓠(Gracilaria textorii)、海黍子(Sargassum muticum)和孔石莼(Ulvapertusa).夏末的海藻生物量密度(243.83 g/m2)高于夏初(164.99 g/m2),但覆盖率由64.53％～91.20％降至52.53％～72.53％(威海圣鲲礁区除外),绝对优势种由夏初的日本异管藻演替为夏末的金膜藻.根据主成分分析(PCA)和冗余分析(RDA)结果,影响海藻群落变化的环境因子中,前3位分别为水温、盐度和水底照度;夏末,由于水体透明度较低(＜2.0 m),光照条件可能成为海藻分布的限制因子.另外,夏末污损生物的大量出现在一定程度上影响了海藻的覆盖率.     

环境胁迫对许氏平鲉和花鲈血糖、血沉降的影响

研究了运输、温度和空气暴露胁迫对许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)和花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)血液生化指标的影响。60min长途运输使许氏平鲉和花鲈的血糖含量都有所上升，其中许氏平鲉的血糖含量在运输后24h基本恢复到正常水平，而花鲈的血糖水平在168h后可恢复到稳定状态。季节温度变化是引起春冬两季许氏平鲉血糖水平在经运输胁迫后产生差异的主要原因，春季(4月)经运输胁迫后鱼体血糖含量约为冬季(11月)的1．4倍。在温度梯度实验中，设定不同温度组(10℃、15℃、20℃、23．5℃、26℃)检测许氏平鲉血糖和血沉降的变化，血糖值出现峰值，而血沉降则随温度升高一直表现出上升趋势。在温度梯度实验基础上进行的空气暴露实验中，各胁迫组的血糖含量升高，血沉降轻微降低但整体变化趋势与温度梯度实验结果相似。     

Evolutionary implications of two rainbow trout growth hormone genes

The primary structures of two rainbow trout growth hormone mRNAs (GH1 and GH2) have been deduced by direct sequencing of their respective cDNA clones and portions of the mRNA. Both GH1 and GH2 mRNA contain open reading frames comprised of 630 nucleotides and encode 210 amino acid residues of which 11 are variant. The translated regions of both mRNA are flanked by a short but rather conserved 5′-end, and a relatively long but highly diverged 3′-end. The differences at translated and 3′-untranslated regions suggest that the GH1 and GH2 mRNA originate from different loci. The GH1 and GH2 mRNA are likely transcribed from two distinct loci which were duplicated during tetraploidization of salmonid genome between 50 to 100 million years ago. The GH2 gene has been isolated and sequenced from a rainbow trout genomic library. This gene spans a region of approximately 4 kilobases. The trout GH gene is comprised of 6 exons and 5 introns, in contrast to 5 exons and 4 introns in mammals. The additional intron in the trout gene interrupts the translated regions that are analogous to the last exon of the mammalian counterpart. The alleged internally repeating sequences in mammalian GH, prolactin (Pr1) and placental lactogen (PL) are not observed in the predicted polypeptide sequence of trout GH. In addition, direct repeats that flank exons I, III and V of mammalian GH, Pr1 and PL genes are absent in trout gene. These findings indicate that the rainbow trout GH gene structure does not support the current hypothesis that internally repeated regions in GH, Pr1 and PL arose from a small primordial gene.     

环境因子对大黄鱼精子活力的影响

通过观测精子的激活率、活动时间和寿命研究了几种环境因子的变化对养殖大黄鱼精子活力的影响。试验结果表明:精子平均密度为(1.17±0.09)×1010.ml-1,盐度对大黄鱼精子活力影响较大。当海水盐度适宜(19.61~24.87)时,精子的激活率≥90%,活动时间≥9.65 min,寿命≥13.50 min;在pH=4.0~10.0的海水中,精子都能被正常激活(≥70%),适宜的pH值为7.5~8.0;不同浓度的葡萄糖、NaCl和KCl溶液对精子活力的影响不同,不同浓度的EDTA-2Na溶液均不能激活精子;无Ca2 、Mg2 或HCO3-的人工海水对精子的激活率均高达90%,但精子的活动时间却有较大幅度的缩减。