基于本体的农业信息服务系统

领域信息服务系统是人工智能领域的一项研究热点.为了让用户及时准确地得到解决方案,解决搜索引擎返回信息过多及问答系统知识瓶颈的问题,提出建立一个用户与专家非实时交流的平台,实现问题咨询与解决方案的双向对应.为此,较全面地分析了农业信息服务系统的系统框架与功能,对其涉及的关键问题-基于本体的农业领域知识库的建立和问题解答过程中问题状态的控制机制进行了深入的讨论.     

提高认识,转变观念,加快推进甘蔗生产机械化

简述了湛江垦区甘蔗的生产现状、生产中存在的主要问题及垦区甘蔗生产机械化开展情况。提出只有提高认识,转变观念,就能大力发展甘蔗生产机械化。     

淡紫拟青霉E7菌株固体放大发酵产孢培养基和工艺条件研究

为探讨淡紫拟青霉E7菌株固体放大发酵因子间的关系以获得大量孢子用于田间试验,通过正交试验设计优化固体发酵培养基成分和培养条件组合,并测定外加碳源、氮源、无机盐和装料方式对产孢量的影响。结果表明：以玉米粉+甘蔗渣+麸皮+壳聚糖组成的正交2号配方为最佳复合培养基质,分生孢子产量达7.13×109个/g,以发酵液pH+液相发酵终点+温度+初始含水量组成的正交4号配方为优适培养条件,分生孢子产量达8.97×109个/g;该菌株在优化后的培养基配方中添加0.4％蔗糖、0.2％蛋白胨、0.002％硫酸锰,以双层纱布袋装料按优化后的培养条件放大培养,产孢量最高可达到8.22×1010个/g。优化后的E7菌株发酵产孢培养基基质用量少,发酵成本低,适合于固体放大发酵生产淡紫拟青霉孢子。     

南海诸岛海域渔业捕捞现状及发展建议

本文提出了南海诸岛海域渔业发展在南海渔业资源可持续利用和中国南海海洋权益维护中的重要性,初步阐述了南海诸岛海域渔业开发现状,分析了制约该渔业发展的主要因素,并提出开发南海诸岛海域渔业资源的对策和建议。     

Modelling compaction of agricultural subsoils by tracked heavy construction machinery under various moisture conditions in Switzerland

In recent years, agricultural land in Switzerland has been increasingly used as temporary access ways for heavy machinery in road and pipeline construction operations. The Swiss soil protection law requires that measures are taken to prevent soil compaction in such operations, but gives no criteria to determine tolerable loads. We studied the compaction sensitivity of a loess soil (Haplic Luvisol) at different soil moisture conditions in a field traffic experiment and by a numerical model on the computer using finite element analysis. Two plots, one wetted by sprinkling and one left dry (no sprinkling), were traversed by heavy caterpillar vehicles during construction of a large overland gas pipeline. Compaction effects were determined by comparing precompression stresses of samples taken from trafficked and non-trafficked soil. A finite element model with a constitutive relation, based on the concept of critical state soil mechanics, was used to interpret the outcome of the field trials.

We found significantly higher precompression stresses in the trafficked (median 97 kPa) compared with the non-trafficked (median 41 kPa) topsoil of the wet plot. No effect was evident in the topsoil of the dry plot as well as in the subsoils of the wet and the dry plot. The observed compaction effects were in agreement with the model predictions if the soil was assumed to be partially drained, but disagreed for the wet subsoil if fully drained conditions were assumed. Agreement between model and experimental results also required that the moisture dependence of the precompression stress was taken into account.     

我国渔业行政执法队伍纳入国家公务员管理的研究

目前我国渔业行政执法队伍已有3万多人,但文化素质整体上偏低,而且,我国各级渔业行政执法机构普遍面临经费严重不足和执法装备落后等问题。为从根本上解决这些问题,我国渔业行政执法队伍应纳入国家公务员管理,这是渔业管理面临的新形势和新任务以及渔业管理依法行政的需要,也有利于加强我国的渔政队伍建设,符合我国有关法律规定和"依法治国"的战略目标,而且客观上我国渔政队伍也具备纳入国家公务员管理的条件。结合国家公务员制度的有关规定和渔业行政执法的特点,提出了我国渔政队伍纳入国家公务员管理的实施方案建议。     

毛竹枯梢病林间流行动态的研究

据1989～1991年尤溪县东边村毛竹林定点观测结果表明,毛竹枯梢病在林间流行的时间动态应属于积年流行病害(单循环病害),逐年病菌数量递增和病害在林间扩散的速率是遵循罗辑斯蒂型规律,病株率和感病指数按2.5倍和3.4倍的速率逐年上升,一般4～5年濒临毁灭。病害流行的空间动态属于聚集分布型,发病初期有较明显的发病中心区,子囊孢子呈陡峭的扩散梯度传播,扩散的水平距离5～10m范围。病菌数量按“复利病害”逐年递增,病害在林间迅速扩散,则在初次发现零星病株就应彻底消灭。     

林业产业结构升级对林业经济波动的熨平效应分析——以我国黑龙江省为例

文中利用HP滤波法对林业产出、林业资本、林业劳动、林业产业结构升级以及林业生态政策进行趋势成分剥离,从而得到相应的波动指标;在此基础上构建时变参数状态空间模型分析林业产业结构升级对林业经济波动的影响,并以我国黑龙江省为例进行实证分析。结果表明:黑龙江省林业产业结构升级对林业经济波动具有明显的熨平效应,但是随着时间的推移这种熨平效应愈加平稳。     

城市林业的研究现状与发展

简述城市林业的兴起与发展、概念与范围,以及城市林业的效益和国内外在城市林业方面的研究现状,论述我国城市林业的发展趋势。     

全息生育适度系数法在春小麦品种评价中的应用

应用全息生育适度系数评价法,采用3个比较目标标准,对一组春小麦品种试验的品质（8项指标）和产量结果进行了综合比较。结果显示,同一组品种（系）采用不同的比较目标标准,品种综合表象位次略有变化,属性分类趋势基本一致。与永良4号（对照）相比,10个参试新品系的综合表象达到相近和以上水平,其中013-26-4（红）、013-7...