Effects of heat treatment on some properties of MDF (medium-density fiberboard)

This work investigated some mechanical, physical and free formaldehyde emission properties of heat-treated MDF. For this purpose, MDF panels were subjected to varying heat treatment temperatures (155°C, 165°C and 175°C), durations (2.5?h., 3.5?h. and 4.5?h.) and waiting times after hot pressing (30?min., 120?min. and 600?min). Thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), free formaldehyde emission (FFE), bending strength (BS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), tensile strength perpendicular to fibers (TSPF) for treated and untreated samples were tested and evaluated statistically. Consequently, after the heat treatment values of tensile strength, bending strength and modulus of elasticity were almost negatively affected relatively, but the thickness swelling and water absorption and quantities of free formaldehyde were improved positively of MDF samples.     

东北三大硬阔燃烧过程烟气释放特征

以东北"三大硬阔"为研究对象,采用外业调查和室内控制环境燃烧实验相结合的方法,分别对3种树木的枝、皮和干部进行气体排放量的测定,并对比分析不同树种及部位气体排放量的差异,通过计算分别得出CO2、CO、CxHy、NO和SO2气体的排放因子。研究结果显示:3种乔木各部位(枝、皮和干)之间CO2排放量、CO排放量、CxHy排放量、NO排放量、SO2排放量和含碳气体(CO2、CO和CxHy)总量以及5种气体(CO2、CO、CxHy、NO和SO2)总量平均值都存在差异,但差异显著性不相同;3种乔木燃烧皮部与干部的CO排放量、CxHy排放量、NO排放量以及SO2排放量平均值存在显著的差异(P<0.05),而CO2排放量、含碳气体(CO2、CO和CxHy)总量以及5种气体(CO2、CO、CxHy、NO和SO2)总量平均值差异不显著;而枝部CO排放量与NO排放量3种乔木之间差异不明显;胡桃楸、水曲柳和黄菠萝的各部位的CO2平均排放因子分别为2.960 8、3.068 2和2.649 2,CO、CxHy、NO和SO2的排放因子都比CO2要小很多。     

浅析森林资源在防灾减灾中的作用

森林生态系统是陆地生态系统的主体,森林资源消长量的大小与水旱灾害发生的频率以及危害程度有着十分明显的因果关系,在防灾减灾中起到不可替代的作用。2010年我国西南特大旱灾,充分证明了"治水之本在于治山,治山在于兴林",通过阐述森林资源的消长与水旱灾害的关系,分析我国森林资源在防灾减灾中的作用与价值,得出:"必须合理利用森林资源,才是防灾减灾的根本出路"。     

发展新能源汽车及其强化节能减排的思考

指出了大力推动新能源汽车发展将是我国汽车工业的大势所趋,分析了发展新能源汽车的原因、挑战和方向,探讨了发展新能源汽车对推进节能减排事业的意义。     

进气掺水降低柴油机排放的实验研究

在485QB柴油发动机上进行进气加湿降排的实验研究,实验采用超声雾化的方法产生微小的水颗粒,通过进气加入不同水量的排放实验,研究进气加湿对柴油机排放的影响。实验分析表明:对柴油发动机进气工质加湿可以有效地降低NOX的排放,一定程度上降低发动机的油耗,同时可以提高发动机的性能。     

角蛋白改性脲醛树脂胶的研究

角蛋白改性脲醛树脂胶的试验结果表明,利用角蛋白与脲醛树脂进行共聚反应,可以得到环保型的改性脲醛树脂胶;最佳工艺条件为:摩尔比为1.31.0;角蛋白加入时间在第3次尿素投料后,角蛋白加入量为尿素的5%。采用角蛋白改性脲醛胶压制的胶合板,胶合强度达到了国家标准GB/T9846—2004Ⅱ类板胶合要求,其甲醛释放量也达到了国家标准E1级胶合板用胶标准。     

Absolute configuration of arylglycerol-β-aryl ethers obtained by asymmetric reduction of the correspondingα-ketonic compound with intactFusarium solani cells

When (±)--oxo-guaiacylglycerol--(vanillic acid) ether (1) is degraded byFusarium solani M-13-1, the-ketone is initially reduced to giveerythro andthreo guaiacylglycerol--(vanillic acid) ethers (2), arylglycerol--aryl ethers, both of which are enantiomerically pure. The absolute configuration in each2 was determined by Mosher's method; the products were converted to,-di-(R)--methoxy--trifluoromethylphenylacetates (MTPA esters) (3) oferythro (-)- andthreo (+)-veratrylglycerol--(methyl vanillate) ethers (3), whose¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were examined and compared with those of four di-(R)-MTPA ester (3) diastereomers from chemically synthesizederythro (±)-3 andthreo (±)-3. To assign the- and-MTPA-OCH₃ peaks, the¹H NMR scans of several compounds that have substructures of 3 and their 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl analogues were examined. When a racemic alcohol reacts with (R)-MTPA to give a pair of (R)-MTPA ester diastereomers, the value was defined as the absolute value of the difference in the¹H chemical shifts of the peak between the diastereomers. It was found that the values of-MTPA-OCH₃ were larger than those of-MTPA-OCH₃ owing to a shielding effect of the veratryl ring located on the-MTPA-OCH₃, and that the-MTPA-OCH₃ peaks in the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl compounds shifted downfield relative to those in the veratryl compounds. On the basis of the¹h NMR data of (R)-MTPA esters, the absolute configuration of the four chemically prepared diastereomers (3) were determined. The catabolicerythro 3 [fromerythro (-)-3] andthreo 3 [fromthreo (+)-3] were identical to (R, S, R)-erythro 3 and (R, S, S)- threo 3, respectively. An hydrogen species in the fungal reduction would attack the-ketone fromre-face of both (R)-1 and (S)-1, givingerythro (S, R)-2 andthreo (S, S)-2, respectively.Part of this paper was presented at the 33rd Lignin Symposium, Tsukuba, November 1988     

Automatic detection of a damaged cutting tool during machining I: method to detect damaged bandsaw teeth during sawing

This paper presents an on-line method for detecting damaged teeth in the bandsaw using acoustic emission (AE) signal energy. The method is based on an analysis of differences in AE energies generated by normal and damaged teeth during sawing. Because of the difference in the amount of sawing, the AE energy was low for sawing by the damaged tooth and high for sawing by the normal tooth immediately after the damaged tooth. The ratio of AE energy for two successive teeth — a normal tooth immediately following a damaged tooth — was much greater than 1, whereas the ratio of AE energy for two successive normal teeth was close to 1. The results demonstrate that the technique using the AE energy ratio for two successive teeth is effective for on-line detection of damaged bandsaw teeth.Part of this paper was presented at the 9th Annual Meeting of the Chugoku Skikoku Branch of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tottori, October 1997     

动态载荷下基于声发射技术的杨木破坏过程检测

利用声发射检测和力学试验相结合的方法,研究山杨木材在动态载荷下的声发射演变过程;结合木材粘弹性特点,通过声发射参数分析研究在不同受力阶段木材的声发射特点.结果表明:1)声发射信号幅值不连续,是跃迁的;材料断裂前声发射信号的幅值和能量比断裂后小,在断裂点对应声发射信号幅值和能量的局部极大值.2)随时间和载荷的变化,声发射累计撞击数和累计能量增加快慢可以体现杨木在受力条件下的完全弹性、弹性为主的弹塑性共存、塑性为主的弹塑性共存3种状态.3)声发射率和幅值参数可以预测材料纤维开始断裂进入危险期的第一"临界点"和材料大量纤维断裂进入严重危险期的第二"临界点",如果继续加载材料将会破坏断裂.     

人造板中甲醛的危害及降醛措施

简述了甲醛对人体的危害,介绍了人造板中甲醛释放的由来以及降低板材甲醛释放量的各种措施.以3个企业应用生产系统解决方案为实例,说明生产E1/E2级的中/高密度纤维板的可行性.