人参皂苷Rb3对糖尿病模型小鼠的降血糖和抗氧化作用

为探讨人参皂苷Rb₃ 对糖尿病治疗的作用及机理,以链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病小鼠模型为材料,系统分析了人参皂苷Rb₃ 对糖尿病小鼠在降血糖、降血脂、胰岛素调节及抗氧化机能方面的作用.对小鼠禁食血糖浓度的测定显示,人参皂苷Rb₃ 灌胃给药14 d后对糖尿病小鼠具有极显著的降血糖作用（P<0.01）,其中剂量为30 mg·kg^-1的人参皂苷Rb₃具有更好的降糖效果.人参皂苷Rb₃ 的降糖效果与糖尿病治疗药物盐酸二甲双胍相近.对小鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)及胰岛素（INS）的含量测定发现,人参皂苷Rb₃ 在降低糖尿病小鼠的血脂浓度和提高胰岛素含量方面均具有显著的调节作用,其中剂量为30 mg·kg^-1 的人参皂苷Rb₃ 具有更好的疗效,各项治疗指标均优于盐酸二甲双胍.对小鼠抗氧化机能的分析表明,人参皂苷Rb₃ 在提高糖尿病小鼠血液中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力方面具有显著作用,同时可以有效降低糖尿病小鼠血清中丙二醛（MDA）的含量,这对于改善糖尿病小鼠的抗氧化能力和缓解并发症的发生具有重要意义.     

早春马铃薯冻害减产的生理机制及生产对策研究

总结了华北地区早春受冻害马铃薯的生长表现及造成减产的生理原因,并提出了避免冻害发生的生产对策与建议。     

内置钢箱—混凝土组合梁正截面承载力计算方法研究

内置钢箱—混凝土组合梁在既有房屋的套建增层改造及巨型框架的建造中具有广阔的应用前景。由于钢箱与混凝土的接触面积相对较小,且钢箱对其腹板两侧混凝土无法形成如内置H型钢对混凝土的有效约束,这些特点使得内置钢箱—混凝土组合梁的正截面承载力计算方法不同于内置H型钢—混凝土组合梁。针对这一问题,给出以平截面假定为基础的内置钢箱—混凝土组合梁正截面受弯承载力计算公式,并得到了折减系数的取值,从而得到符合内置钢箱—混凝土组合梁自身特点的正截面受弯承载力计算公式。     

棉花超宽膜降密度播种模式的配套技术研究

[目的]研究适宜的棉花超宽膜降密度播种模式.[方法]试验设置3个棉花播种模式,探讨超宽膜降密度模式对棉花生长发育及产量、品质的影响,为创新小海子垦区棉花的栽培模式提供理论依据.[结果] (66+ 10 +66 cm)、理论密度130 725株/hm2播种模式过低的密度导致最终的收获株数偏低,虽能获得较高的单株成铃,但必然导致公顷总铃数有所下降,最终影响籽棉的增产空间;(10 +66+10+66+10 cm)、理论密度196 088株/hm2播种模式既能发挥棉花的单株优势,又能获得较为合理的收获株数和单株成铃,综合优势较(10 +66+ 10 cm)、理论密度238 107株/hm2常规播种模式明显,具有推广价值.[结论](10 +66 +10 +66 +10 cm)、理论密度196 088株/hm2播种模式对于小海子垦区棉花栽培较为合适.     

Worlding aspirations and resilient futures: Framings of risk and contemporary city‐making in Metro Cebu,the Philippines

In the Philippines, calls for creating ‘global’, ‘sustainable’ and ‘resilient’ cities are placing urban poor communities in increasingly precarious positions. These communities have long been the targets of urban development and ‘modernisation’ efforts; more recently the erasure of informal settlements from Philippine cities is being bolstered at the behest of climate change adaptation and disaster risk management (DRM) agendas. In Metro Cebu, flood management has been at the heart of DRM and broader urban development discussions, and is serving as justification for the demolition and displacement of informal settler communities in areas classed as ‘danger zones’. Using Kusno's (2010) interpretation of the ‘exemplary centre’ as a point of departure, this paper interrogates the relationship between DRM, worlding aspirations (Roy and Ong, 2011) and market‐oriented urbanisation in Cebu, and considers the socio‐spatial implications of these intersecting processes for urban poor communities. Through analysing the contradictions inherent in framings of certain bodies and spaces as being ‘of risk’ or ‘at risk’ over others, I argue that the epistemologies of modernity, disaster risk and resilience endorsed and propagated by the state are facilitating processes of displacement and dispossession that serve elite commercial interests under the auspices of disaster resilience and pro‐poor development.     

减阻剂室外埋地评价环道及瞬态模型

针对减阻剂室内评价环道存在的问题,设计安装了管径159mm、长300m的室外埋地评价环道,其管径、长度、油品流速更接近于实际管道.该装置采用高压氮气作为动力源,测试段沿线布设高精度压力传感器和高频压力传感器,测试段出口设有超声波流量计,同时安装有耐压罐和常压罐.由于在环道评价试验中装置的压力不断变化,因此建立了试验过程氮气管路、油品管路、氮气罐、耐压罐的瞬态模型,使用VB语言编制了计算程序,用以计算不同粘度和初始压力下的油品流速和压力变化,雷诺数范围和试验时间,判断试验条件的可行性.     

安徽省作物养分供需分析及化肥减施潜力研究

有机-无机相结合的农田养分管理模式是现阶段中国发展绿色农业的必由之路,因而开展有机、无机养分和作物养分需求的比较研究对促进养分资源的合理分配和施用具有重要的参考价值。本文采用文献调查和统计分析的方法,评估了安徽省16市2010—2016年主要有机肥(包括秸秆、粪便、绿肥和饼肥)的养分资源,明晰了安徽省农业生产中有机、无机养分投入现状,并根据农业种植结构开展了有机、无机养分和作物养分需求的差异和关系研究,最后探索了安徽省的化肥减施潜力。结果表明:安徽省2010—2016年平均有机肥养分资源为287.70万t,N、P_2O_5和K_2O分别为104.49万t、39.60万t和143.61万t,可基本满足作物的养分需求;但有机肥的当季利用率低,N、P_2O_5和K_2O的当季利用率分别为21.44%、19.91%和52.61%,有机肥N、P_2O_5和K_2O实际还田量仅占作物养分需求的20.74%、25.38%和63.61%,占农田养分总投入的比重分别为11.87%、10.27%和51.35%。全省N、P_2O_5、K_2O养分实际投入量(包括有机肥和化肥)是作物养分需求的1.75倍、2.47倍和1.24倍,有7个市的N和13个市的P_2O_5养分施用量超过作物需求的2倍,存在较高的环境污染风险。通过控制农业总养分输入,安徽省的化肥减施潜力为35.12%,N、P_2O和K_2O的减施潜力分别为21.28%、23.97%和78.61%。提高有机肥的当季利用率和发展冬季绿肥资源可进一步促进化肥减施。本研究可为安徽省化肥零增长和农牧业的绿色可持续发展提供数据参考。     

减量侧深施肥对里下河地区单季粳稻产量和品质的影响

以优质食味粳稻南粳9108和南粳5718为材料,以常规施肥为对照（CK,施氮量300 kg/hm2、基蘖氮肥与穗氮肥比7∶3）,分别设计6个侧深施肥处理[基蘖氮肥为常规施肥处理的100%(T1)、90%(T2)、85%(T3)、80%(T4)、75%(T5)及70%(T6),穗氮肥量同CK],探讨侧深施肥对里下河地区单季粳稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,T1处理显著提高水稻产量,2个品种产量分别提高了9.49%和8.23%,经济效益显著增加,同时改善了稻米的加工品质和营养品质,但未改善稻米的食味品质;T3处理2个品种产量与CK相比无显著差异,但提高了稻米的加工品质、外观品质和食味品质,是一种优质稳产的施肥方式。     

Effect of dietary protein reduction with lysine and methionnine supplementation on growth performance,body composition and total ammonia nitrogen excretion of juvenile grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

A 63‐day growth trial was undertaken to estimate the effects of supplemented lysine and methionine with different dietary protein levels on growth performance and feed utilization in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Six plant‐based practical diets were prepared, and 32CP, 30CP and 28CP diets were formulated to contain 320 g kg^?1, 300 g kg^?1 and 280 g kg^?1 crude protein without lysine and methionine supplementation. In the supplementary group, lysine and methionine were added to formulate 32AA, 30AA and 28AA diets with 320 g kg^?1, 300 g kg^?1 and 280 g kg^?1 dietary crude protein, respectively, according to the whole body amino acid composition of Grass Carp. In the groups without lysine and methionine supplementation, weight gain (WG, %) and specific growth rate (SGR, % day^?1) of the fish fed 32CP diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed 30CP and 28CP diets, but no significant differences were found between 30CP‐ and 28CP‐diet treatments. WG and SGR of the fish fed 32AA and 30AA diets were significantly higher than that of fish fed 28AA diets, and the performance of grass carp was also significantly improved when fed diets with lysine and methionine supplementation (P < 0.05), and the interaction between dietary protein level and amino acid supplementation was noted between WG and SGR (P < 0.05). Feed intake (FI) was significantly increased with the increase in dietary protein level and the supplementation of lysine and methionine (P < 0.05), but feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a significant decreasing trend (P < 0.05). Two days after total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration test, the values of TAN discharged by the fish 8 h after feeding were 207.1, 187.5, 170.6, 157.3, 141.3 and 128.9 mg kg^?1 body weight for fish fed 32CP, 32AA, 30CP, 30AA, 28CP and 28AA diets, respectively. TAN excretion by grass carp was reduced in plant‐based practical diets with the increase in dietary protein level and the supplementation of lysine and methionine (P < 0.05). The results indicated that lysine and methionine supplementation to the plant protein sources‐based practical diets can improve growth performance and feed utilization of grass carp, and the dietary crude protein can be reduced from 320 g kg^?1 to 300 g kg^?1 through balancing amino acids profile. The positive effect was not observed at 280 g kg^?1 crude protein level.     

畜牧业温室气体排放机制及其减排研究进展

全球气候变暖已经成为人类共同关注的话题,畜牧业温室气体排放量占全球总量的18%,成为导致全球气候变暖的主要原因。因此,研究各种畜禽温室气体排放机制,找出畜禽温室气体的影响因子,对减少温室气体排放有着非常重要的意义。文章综述了畜禽温室气体排放的机理,提出减少畜禽温室气体排放的措施与对策,为探索节能、低温室气体排放的环保养殖提供参考。